• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2015

현행 액화석유가스의 안전관리 및 사업법의 시행규칙에 의거하면 액화 가스는 용기 체적의 85%까지 충전하도록 되어있다. 이에 상당하는 충전량은 $65^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 내부에 액체의 열팽창을 고려한 수치이다. 하지만 소형 또는 이동이 용이한 용기가 특정 상황에서는 용기 내부 액체의 온도가 $65^{\circ}C$ 미만을 유지한다고 단정 지을 수 없다. 열역학적 관점에서 액 팽창은 용기 재료의 강성만으로 제어하기 어려운 요소이며, 결국 파열 등의 사고를 유발 할 수 있는 잠재적인 위험 요인이 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 밀폐계에서 임계상태 액체 프로판의 열 팽창량을 추정하는 방법과 추정 된 결과를 제시 할 것이며, 내압 변화에 따른 용기의 체적 증가를 유도하는 구조적 요소를 실험적으로 제안할 것이다. 본 논문을 통해 제시된 결과는 향후 액화가스의 압력용기 설계에 있어 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2000

Almost accidents related with gas have started with the leakage of LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) in the open air. But experimental data of LPG leak jet are difficult to find because the safety of experiment is hard to secure and its phenomenon is not steady but transitional. This study is focused on the phenomena of injection jet of liquid butane to the open air. Simple experiment shows that only liquid butane jet in the open air is possible due to the slow vaporization because of low temperature difference between the liquid and air and low vapor pressure of liquid butane. Comparing with the water, 25~40% more liquid butane flow through the tube under the same pressure difference driving.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2005

In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engine converted from a diesel engine were examined by using mixer system and liquid propane injection (LPi) system. A compression ratio of 21 for the base diesel engine, was modified to 8, 8.5, 9 and 9.5. The engine performance and emissions characteristics are analyzed by investigating engine power, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), volumetric efficienry, CO, THC and NOx. Experimental results showed that the LPi system generated higher power and lower emissions than the conventional mixer fuel supply method.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2007

The injection and spray characteristics of top-feed type injector was investigated under liquid phase injection fueled with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Different pressures and temperatures of fuel injection system were tested to identify the injection characteristics after hot soaking. MIE-scattering technique was used for verification of successful liquid phase injection after hot soaking. In case of bottom-feed type injector, the injection was accomplished at every experimental condition. In case of top-feed type injector, when the pressure of LPG was over 1.2 MPa, the injection was not executed. However, under the pressure were 1.2 MPa, the liquid phase injection after hot soaking was accomplished. The engine with top-feed type fuel injection equipment was restarted successfully after hot soaking.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.617-623
• /
• 2008

일산화탄소(CO)와 수소($H_2$)로부터 Fischer-Tropsch반응을 통해 합성된 GTL (gas-to-liquid)연료는 친환경적인 연료로 기존의 석유디젤을 대체, 또는 혼합하여 사용될 수 있는 연료로 크게 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Shell사에서 생산된 GTL연료와 국내유통중인 석유디젤을 일정 비율로 혼합하여 농도 별 연료특성을 분석하였다. 가스크로마토그래피를 이용해 GTL이 일반디젤보다 긴 파라핀계 화합물로 구성되어져 있음을 확인하였으며, 높은 인화점, 증류성상, 동점도, 유도세탄가와 함께, 낮은 황분으로 인한 윤활성감소를 보여주었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2010

GTL(gas-to-liquid) fuel produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process using carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrogen(H2) is expected to be one of the environmental friendly fuel for alternative and blended to petrodiesel. But GTL have poor lubricity due to paraffin as main component of GTL which is not involve polar materials. In this paper, we had investigated the lubricity improvement of GTL fuels with various lubricants using HFRR(high frequency reciprocating rig).

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2021

액화석유가스(Liquefied Petroleum Gas)는 Propane(C₃H₈)과 Butane(C₄H₁₀)을 주성분으로 한 가스를 액화한 것으로 구분된다. LPG는 혼합 성분에 따라 품질의 차이가 커 성분 함량을 정확하게 측정하는 것이 중요하다. 이와 같은 물질은 혼합물의 성분별로 상온에서는 액체와 기체가 같이 공존해 정확한 측정이 까다롭다. 따라서 탄화수소의 성분별 농도의 측정 불확도가 높아 실제 함량 기준과 많은 차이가 발생하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 그러므로 탄화수소 물질의 조성과 정확한 농도 측정을 위해 혼합 액체 프로판 표준가스의 개발이 필요하였다. 혼합 액체 프로판 표준가스는 ISO-6142(2015)의 중량법으로 벨로즈형 정압실린더에 제조되었다. 제조한 4병의 표준가스에서 균질성이 GC-FID로 확인되었다. 제조 상대확장불확도는 0.01 % - 0.30 %, 균질성은 0.03 % - 0.25 %이었다. 이 혼합 액체 프로판 표준가스에서 중량법, 제조 일치성, 실린더 흡착 여부 및 장기 안정성에 대한 상대확장불확도는 0.26 % - 1.39 %(신뢰도 약 95 %, k=2)이내로 개발되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.307-318
• /
• 2006

The pyrolysis of high density polyethylene(HDPE) and low density polyethylene(LDPE) was carried out at temperature between 425 and $500^{\circ}C$ from 35 to 80 minutes. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and wax according to the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Petroleum Quality Inspection Institute. The conversion and yield of liquid products for HDPE pyrolysis increased continuously according to pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. The influence of pyrolysis temperature was more severe than pyrolysis time for the conversion of HDPE. For example, the liquid products of HDPE pyrolysis at $450^{\circ}C$ for 65 minutes were ca. 30wt.% gas oil, 15wt.% wax, 14wt.% kerosene and 11wt.% gasoline. The increase of pyrolysis temperature up to $500^{\circ}C$ showed the increase of wax product and the decrease of kerosene. The conversion and yield of liquid products for LDPE pyrolysis continuously increased according to pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time, similar to HDPE pyrolysis. The liquid products of LDPE pyrolysis at $450^{\circ}C$ for 65 minutes were ca. 27wt.% gas oil, 18wt.% wax, 16wt.% kerosene and 13wt.% gasoline.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2005

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been used as motor fuel due to its low emissions and low cost. A liquid direct injection system into a cylinder was suggested as a next generation system to maximize a fuel economy as well as a power. This study addresses the analysis of the LPG spray injecting from single hole injector. Two different test conditions are given, which are a fully developed spray case with various injection pressures and a developing spray case with ambient pressure variation. The LPG spray photographs are compared with the sprays of gasoline and diesel fuel at the same conditions, and the spray angles and penetration lengths are also compared, and then the spray behavior is analyzed. The LPG spray photos show that the dispersion characteristic depends very sensitively on the ambient pressure soon after injection. The spray angle is very wide in a low ambient pressure condition until the saturated pressure, but the angle is quickly reduced at the condition over the pressure. However, the down stream of the LPG spray shows much wider dispersion and less penetration than those of gasoline and diesel sprays regardless ambient pressure condition.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2006

LPG충전시설에 설치된 각종 안전장치의 유효성을 평가하기 위해 하역작업 중 탱크로리의 비등액체팽창증기폭발(BLEVE, Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) 시나리오에 대해 빈도분석을 수행하였으며, 분석방법으로는 정량적인 분석법인 결함수목분석(Fault Tree Analysis)법을 사용하였다. 안전장치의 유효성은 안전장치의 부착여부와 용량변화에 따른 빈도변화를 관찰함으로써 간접적으로 평가하였다. 이 분석을 통해 허용 가능한 위험수준을 만족하기 위해 필수적인 안전장치와 설치 우선순위를 도출할 수 있었다.