• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.296-300
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• 2002

The contents of alkaloids in raw Cho O(Aconiti Ciliare Tuber) and its processed products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Processing methods 1 and 2 lowered the contents of alkaloids more than the method 3. Cho O processed with method 1 or 2 showed even lower alkaloid contents than commercially available Processed Aconiti Tuber Powder(PATP). The contents of aconitine and hypaconitine in MeOH extracts of Cho O treated with method 3(10 min irradiation) and mesaconitine of Cho O treated with method 3(5 min) were comparable to those of PATP.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 2007

Amitraz is a formamidine-derived insecticide and acaricide which is commonly used throughout the world. Amitraz intoxication is mediated through ${\alpha}_2$ adrenergic receptor agonist effects, similar to those of the ${\alpha}_2$ agonist clonidine. We report a case of a patient who experienced coma and hypotension after amitraz ingestion. A 37-year-old woman visited the ER with symptoms of vomiting and altered mental state. She had ingested a mouthful of liquid amitraz concentrate (12.5%), which rapidly led to vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, hyperglycemia, and mental stupor. Supportive treatment, including mechanical ventilation and administration of inotropics, resulted in full recovery within four days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2005

The caustic drugs are classified into acid and alkali. Oral intake of these drugs cause histological injuries to the surfaces of oral cavity, laryngopharynx, and esophagus. Caustic drugs such as detergents and brilliants are easily contacted at homes. However, until now, the epidemiology and the clinical statistics of caustic drug ingestion in Korea were not carried out. This is a case report of sodium hydroxide - lye, a caustic drug more toxic than the others - ingestion with complication of gastroesophageal perforation, rapidly progressed mediastinitis and prompt death in the course of treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.405-418
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• 2022

Simotang oral liquid (SMT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) consisting of four natural plants and is used to alleviate gastrointestinal side effects after chemotherapy and functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the mechanism by which SMT helps cure these gastrointestinal diseases is still unknown. Here, we discovered that SMT could alleviate gastrointestinal side effects after chemotherapy by altering gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice were treated with cisplatin (DDP) and SMT, and biological samples were collected. Pathological changes in the small intestine were observed, and the intestinal injury score was assessed. The expression levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6 and the adhesive factors Occludin and ZO-1 in mouse blood or small intestine tissue were also detected. Moreover, the gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. SMT was found to effectively reduce gastrointestinal mucositis after DDP injection, which lowered inflammation and tightened the intestinal epithelial cells. Gut microbiota analysis showed that the abundance of the anti-inflammatory microbiota was downregulated and that the inflammatory microbiota was upregulated in DDP-treated mice. SMT upregulated anti-inflammatory and anticancer microbiota abundance, while the inflammatory microbiota was downregulated. An antibiotic cocktail (ABX) was also used to delete mice gut microbiota to test the importance of gut microbiota, and we found that SMT could not alleviate gastrointestinal mucositis after DDP injection, showing that gut microbiota might be an important mediator of SMT treatment. Our study provides evidence that SMT might moderate gastrointestinal mucositis after chemotherapy by altering gut microbiota.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.130-141
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine which fermented liquid fertilizer and application method yields the greatest amount of growth in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL.) plants. Additionally, we investigated which extraction methods produce the most effective fertilizer with the highest levels of mineral nutrients. The liquid fertilizers used in this study were made from fish, bone and fish meal, red pepper leaves, and oil cake, and were extracted using fermentation or water and boiled water. In tomato plants, foliar-application of fermented fertilizer is known to promote more growth than application by drenching, regardless of the number of treatments (once or twice). In our studies, however, drenching with fertilizer promoted growth more effectively than foliar-application in red pepper plants. Studies in both tomato and red pepper have shown that the number of treatments does not significantly alter growth. Liquid fertilizers produced by a fermentation-extraction method promoted greater levels of growth in tomato compared to red pepper, and growth was greater when fertilizers were applied 20 (rather than 40) days post-sowing. Red pepper and tomato shoot fresh weight were affected more by fermented fertilizers than plant height 20 days post-sowing. In red pepper, we observed increased shoot fresh weight when using fermented liquid fertilizers with concentrations of 0.1% or greater. Tomato shoot fresh weight increased similarly in response to fermented fertilizer treatments at the same concentration levels, except those derived from fish. Fermented fish liquid fertilizer was only effective in increasing tomato shoot fresh weight in concentrations exceeding 1%. Red pepper and tomato shoot fresh weight also increased more than plant height in our studies using fermentation liquid fertilizers at 40 days after sowing. Red pepper fresh weight increased with application of bone + fish meal, red pepper leaf, and oil cake fertilizers at concentrations of 0.1%, but not with fish liquid fertilizer in concentrations under 0.5%. Shoot fresh weight in tomato increased with all liquid fertilizers. Growth in red pepper and tomato may be influenced by different kinds of fertilizers due to combinations of macro- and micro-nutrients, or specific macro-nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium. The mineral nutrients found in fish, bone and fish meal, red pepper leaves, and oil cake were not easily extracted by fermentation; thus, liquid fertilizers made using water and boiled water methods more effectively promoted growth in red pepper and tomato due to the larger amounts of macronutrients eluted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.543-551
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to determine whether fermentation can increase the protective effects of blueberry liquid in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice model. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HD, 60% fat, w/w,), HD supplemented with 10 ml/kg BW/day of blueberry liquid (BHD, blueberry high-fat diet), or HD supplemented with 10 ml/kg BW/day of fermented blueberry liquid (FBHD, fermented blueberry high-fat diet) for 10 weeks. Results: There were significant decreases in the body, epididymal adipose tissue, and liver weights of blueberry-fed groups compared to HD, whereas there were no significant differences in food intake among the groups. Furthermore, blueberry liquid groups, especially fermented blueberry liquid, significantly attenuated the contents of hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol induced by HD. Serum LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the BHD and FBHD-fed groups, whereas FBHD significantly increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level compared to the control. Concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and leptins in serum were also reduced by blueberry liquid supplementation. The mRNA expression of hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase was significantly reduced in both the BHD and FBHD groups compared to HD. Furthermore, FBHD altered the mRNA expression level of hepatic lipolysis genes. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that blueberry, especially fermented blueberry liquid, may improve obesity-related abnormalities.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Objectives Danggwisu-san (Dangguixu-san) is a herbal prescription frequently used to treat pain or swelling caused by contusion. To determine the expiration period through scientific methodology, stability of Danggwisu-san (Dangguixu-san) water extract, a herbal medicine, was examined under various storage conditions and periods. Methods Danggwisu-san (Dangguixu-san) was stored either at room temperature ($23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$), under a refrigerating condition ($4^{\circ}C$) or under a freezing condition ($-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) for 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks and then freeze-dried. Total phenol and total flavonoid amounts were investigated; contents of amygdalin (Prunus persica), paeoniflorin (Paeonia lactiflora), and glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) - the marker compounds of Danggwisu-san (Dangguixu-san) - were also analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results No significant change in total phenol and total flavonoid amounts was observed under the indicated storage conditions. Moreover, the contents of marker compounds, i.e. amygdalin, paeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizin, did not alter significantly under the indicated conditions, as well. Conclusions Danggwisu-san (Dangguixu-san) was found to be stable up until 4 weeks under the indicated conditions. Further studies on efficacy and long-term stability are warranted to establish the expiration period of Danggwisu-san (Dangguixu-san).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2007

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an unsaturated chlorinated hydrocarbon in the form of a colorless, volatile liquid, which is used as an industrial organic solvent for spot removal and for metal degreasing. In general, the primary complications of TCE poisoning result from involvement of the central nervous and respiratory systems, including aspiration pneumonia. A case is reported of a 54-year-old man who presented in a comatose state after accidental ingestion of 100 ml of TCE, and who recovered after conservative treatment and mechanical ventilation. We discuss this case and present a literature review.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

Objectives l: This study is to investigate the emergence of herbal medicine during Japanese colonial period by reviewing newspaper advertisements and brochures about patient medicine of Chosun Maiyak Corporation. Methods : 69 kinds of patent medications and 584 newspaper advertisements are throughly reviewed to investigate dosage form, drug effect, sales unit and method, price, and advertisement pattern. Results : Lyungsinwhan represented more than half of the total advertisements, followed by Yungmihwan, Sahyangsohabwon, Yeollyeonggobondan, and Chiljehyangbuhwan. Lyungsinwhan was advertised mostly in spring and summer whereas Yungmihwan and Yeollyeonggobondan were advertised in spring and fall. Dosage form included pill(丸), mixture(膏), powder(散), and liquid(水, 液), while pill and mixture prevailed over other forms. Drug effect included dermatological, pediatric, digestive, and gynecological effects in the increasing order of drug numbers. Sales unit and price were found to vary significantly. Sales method included nationwide network distribution of medicine through postcards and stores. Conclusion : Herbal medicine during the colonial period was distributed in various kinds of forms with different effects and advertisement patterns through diverse sales unit and price.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2005

As a part of the quality control of herbal prescriptions which has been used for diabetes and related diseases, a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of the three marker compounds, puerarin (Puerariae Radix), glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizae Radix), schizandrin (Schizandrae Fructus) in Oc Chun San. The HPLC analysis method was validated for parameters such as linearity, Limits of Detection(LOD), quantification(LOQ), repeatability, stability and recovery.