• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.179-186
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• 2004

In order to search for the ways of use in distilled liquid of Shogunjung-tang, an oriental medical prescription, the study examined the differences in the activated degree of cells and immunological effects, which are supplied by restoratives such as the existing extracted liquid and distilled liquid of Shogunjung-tang. As seen from the above results, both the extracted liquid of Shogunjung-tang and distilled liquid have remarkable efficiency in the increase of cells, the efficient condition of immunity activation degree possibly formed by these two and activation of cells and organism, in which distilled liquid in the beginning and the extracted liquid later tend to show its efficiency.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.148-156
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• 2004

In order to searched for the ways of use for distilled liquid of Cervus Elaphus Xanthopgus, the study examined the difference of immunological efficiency generally raised in the existing extracted liquid and distilled liquid of Cervus Elaphus Xanthopgus. As seen from the above results, both the extracted liquid of Cervus Elaphus Xanthopgus and distilled liquid have remarkable efficiency in the increase of cells, the efficient condition of immunity activation degree, the effect of anti-cancer possibly formed by these two and activation of cells and organism, in which distilled liquid in the beginning and the extracted liquid later tend to show its efficiency.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4-28
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• 2024

Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure that causes minimal pain and complication risks to patients, has been extensively studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it facilitates comprehensive quantification and serial assessment of the whole-body tumor burden. Several biosources obtained through liquid biopsy have been studied as important biomarkers for establishing early diagnosis, monitoring minimal residual disease, and predicting the prognosis and response to treatment in patients with cancer. Although the clinical application of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer is not as robust as that in other cancers, biomarker studies using liquid biopsy are being actively conducted in patients with gastric cancer. Herein, we aimed to review the role of various biosources that can be obtained from patients with gastric cancer through liquid biopsies, such as blood, saliva, gastric juice, urine, stool, peritoneal lavage fluid, and ascites, by dividing them into cellular and acellular components. In addition, we reviewed previous studies on the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for gastric cancer using liquid biopsy and discussed the limitations of liquid biopsy and the challenges to overcome these limitations in patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2020

In recent years, liquid biopsy has received immense attention. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method used for obtaining biological fluids including urine, pleural fluid and, mostly, peripheral blood. Liquid biopsy involves various targets including circulating tumors cells (CTCs), circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Colorectal cancer (CRC), like other solid tumors, shed tumor cells into the bloodstream. Analysis of these CTCs, as well as ctDNA is the primary objective of the liquid biopsy. Evaluation of CTC or ctDNA offers information about early tumor release, development of tumor metastasis and also about mechanisms involved in tumor resistance to treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1995

The author performed radionuclide esophageal transit studies(RETS) with liquid and solid boluses using the same day protocol in 90 normal controls and 164 patients with various primary esophageal motility disorders who were diagnosed by manometric criteria and clinical courses. The authors calculated mean esophageal transit time(MTT) and mean residual retention(MRR) in each of the liquid and solid studies, and classified time-activity curve(TAC) patterns. The normal criteria of RETS with liquid bolus were MTT<24 sec, MRR<9%, and the TAC pattern that showed rapid declining slope and flat low residual(Type 1). The normal criteria of RETS with solid bolus were MTT<35 sec, MRR<9% and TAC of type 1. With these normal criteria, the sensitivity and the specificity of the liquid study were 62.2 % and 97.8%, respectively. The sensitivity increased to 75.4% with the solid study. The author also found that the RETS was highly reproducible. The achalasia typically showed no effective emptying of both liquid and solid boluses during the whole study period, and was well differentiated by its extremely long transit time and high retention from the other motility disorders. The diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) and nonspecific esophageal motility disorder(NEMD) showed intermediate delay in transit time and increased retention. In the groups of hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter(LES), hypotensive LES and nutcracker, there noted no significant difference with the normal control group in terms of MTT and MRR. The DES and NEMD could be more easily identified by solid studies that showed more marked delay in MTT and increased MRR as compared with the liquid study. In conclusion, esophageal scintigraphy is a safe, noninvasive and physiologic method for the evaluation of esophageal emptying.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.208-222
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• 2000

This study was conducted to supplement limit of previous study, The objectives of this study were to select optimal conditions of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) operation for detecting urinary 2-thiothiazolicline-4-carboxylic acid(TTCA) and thiocarbamide simultaneously, and to evaluate recovery rates for various liquid-liquid extration method of these metabolites, The results are as follows : 1. The urinary TTCA and thiocarbamide were separate sharply when flow rate is $0.7m{\ell}/min$, using a series $C_8$ and $C_{18}$ column, 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ : acetonitrile (93.5 : 6.5) and pH 3.5 as a mobile phase. The retention time was TTCA, $12.07{\pm}0.11$(mean${\pm}$SD, n=06), thiocarbamide, $7.85{\pm}0.01$ (mean${\pm}$SD, n=6), respectively. The calibration curve for TTCA and thiocarbamide was linear within the range 0.05 to $30{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 2. By the liquid-liquid extration, butanol extration with $(NH_4)_2$ as a salting-out reagent was used as a simultaneous extration method for these metabolites in acid state, and recovery rates of this method are urinary TTCA, $49.6{\pm}17.7$ (mean${\pm}$SD, n=16), thiocarbamide, $43,9{\pm}5.50$ (mean${\pm}$SD, n=16), respectively 3. The precision(pooled coefficients of variation for 4 concentration) of the urinary thiocarbamide analysis was 0.03754 by butanol liquid-liquid extraction with $(NH_4)_2$ as a salting-out reagent, and TTCA was 0.04082 by ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extration with $(NH_4)_2$ as a salting out reagent The above results show that the butanol liquid-liquid extraction with $(NH_4)_2$ as a salting-out reagent in acid state, and using a series $C_8$ and $C_{18}$ column, 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ : acetonitrile (93.5 : 6.5) and pH 3.5 as a mobile phase are suitable for the analysis of urinary TTCA and thiocarbamide simultaneously. The detection limit of TTCA and thiocarbamide was about $0.17{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $0.07{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

Objectives : This study is to identify the effects of taking Liquid stick Packs of DS Gihyeolyangsubang(DSGYSB) on the time to sleep. Methods : From August 2016 to October 2017, 19 patients who were admitted to Dongshin Univ. Oriental Medicine Hospital due to sleep disturbance were included in this study. The result of changing time to sleep and the effect of the duration of administration on the time to sleep were statistically analyzed. Results : as follows. 1. DSGYSB administration before bedtime showed the time to sleep reduction effect. 2. The administration was effective for more than 4-7 days before 1-3 days of DSGYSB. Conclusions : These results suggest that Liquid stick Packs of DSGihyeolyangsubang are effective in reducing the time of the time to sleep.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.490-493
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• 2016

Electronic cigarettes are novel tobacco products that are frequently used these days. The cartridge contains liquid nicotine and accidental poisoning, even with a small oral dose, endangers children. We present here a mortality case of a 15-month-old child who ingested liquid nicotine mistaking it for cold medicine. When the emergency medical technicians arrived, she was found to have pulseless electrical activity. Spontaneous circulation was restored after approximately 40 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The cotinine level in her urine was 1,716 ng/mL. Despite intensive supportive care, severe anoxic brain injury was found on computed tomography and the child ultimately died. This fatality highlights the need for public health efforts to minimize such accidents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2017

Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba castellanii, and Acanthamoeba polyphaga, are distributed worldwide. They are causative agents of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis or acanthamoebic keratitis in humans, respectively. Trophozoites encyst in unfavorable environments, such as exhausted food supply and desiccation. Until recently, the method of N. fowleri encystation used solid non-nutrient agar medium supplemented with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli; however, for the amoebic encystment of Acanthamoeba spp., a defined, slightly modified liquid media is used. In this study, in order to generate pure N. fowleri cysts, a liquid encystment medium (buffer 1) modified from Page's amoeba saline was applied for encystation of N. fowleri. N. fowleri cysts were well induced after 24 hr with the above defined liquid encystment medium (buffer 1). This was confirmed by observation of a high expression of differential mRNA of nfa1 and actin genes in trophozoites. Thus, this liquid medium can replace the earlier non-nutrient agar medium for obtaining pure N. fowleri cysts. In addition, for cyst formation of Acanthamoeba spp., buffer 2 (adjusted to pH 9.0) was the more efficient medium. To summarize, these liquid encystment media may be useful for further studies which require axenic and pure amoebic cysts.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 2017

Tumor tissues from biopsies or surgery are major sources for the next generation sequencing (NGS) study, but these procedures are invasive and have limitation to overcome intratumor heterogeneity. Recent studies have shown that driver alterations in tumor tissues can be detected by liquid biopsy which is a less invasive technique capable of both capturing the tumor heterogeneity and overcoming the difficulty in tissue sampling. However, it is still unclear whether the driver alterations in liquid biopsy can be detected by targeted NGS and how those related to the tissue biopsy. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing for a breast cancer tissue and identified PTEN p.H259fs*7 frameshift mutation. In the plasma DNA (liquid biopsy) analysis by targeted NGS, the same variant initially identified in the tumor tissue was also detected with low variant allele frequency. This mutation was subsequently validated by digital polymerase chain reaction in liquid biopsy. Our result confirm that driver alterations identified in the tumor tissue were detected in liquid biopsy by targeted NGS as well, and suggest that a higher depth of sequencing coverage is needed for detection of genomic alterations in a liquid biopsy.