• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2000

In order to select potent bioactive isolates, 70 Fusarium isolates obtained from soil and 21 plant species were screened by antifungal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and duckweed bioassays after culturing in potato dextrose broth and rice solid media. Eight (11.4%) of the 70 liquid broth cultures showed disease-controlling activities more than 80% against at least one of the 6 plant diseases tested. Fusarium sp. FO-68 isolate exhibited the most potent antifungal activity; it controlled rice blast, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew with control values more than 95%. Out of 70 solid cultures, 21 (30.0%) controlled at least one plant disease more than 80% and F. equiseti FO-68 isolate showed disease-controlling activities more than 95% against 3 plant diseases such as rice blast, tomato late blight, and wheat leaf rust. As for tile insecticidal activities, 2 liquid and 1 solid cultures showed potent insecticidal activities against pest insects more than 80%, Liquid cultures of F. oxysporum FO-61 and Fusarium sp. FO-80 isolates exhibited insecticidal activities more than 80% against green peach aphid and diamondback moth, respectively. The solid culture of Fusarium sp. FO-510 isolate had 80% insecticidal activity against green peach aphid. However, none of liquid and solid cultures of the 70 Fusarium isolates showed potent herbicidal activities against 10 upland weeds. As the results of duckweed assay, 3 liquid cultures showed 70% growth inhibitory activity at concentrations less than 1.25% of culture supernatants and 9 solid cultures had a potent inhibitory activity against duckweed growth. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between antifungal activities and herbicidal activities against duckweed of both liquid and solid cultures of tile 70 Fusarium isolates.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.289-291
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• 1999

Hypocotyl explants from 7 days old seedlings of one $F_1$ hybrid cultivar and two pure lines of cucumber formed embryogenic calli at frequencies of up to 8% when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 3 weeks. Embryogenic calli gave rise to somatic embryos. When slices of somatic embryos were cultured on the same medium for 4 weeks, they formed embryogenic calli. Embryogenic cell suspension cultures were established with embryogenic calli in MS liquid medium with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic potential of cell suspension cultures was maintained by subculturing every seven days. When the level of 2,4-D in the medium was lowered to 0.2 mg/L by diluting with liquid MS basal medium, embryogenic cell suspension cultures underwent development into numerous somatic embryos. When plated onto MS basal medium, over 95% of somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.809-812
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• 2019

Bacterial strains that improve mycelial morphology and growth of white-rot fungi in liquid medium could enhance the impact of white-rot fungi towards lesser recovery of neonicotinoids when cocultured. This was demonstrated by the recovery of clothianidin and acetamiprid from cocultures of the white-rot fungus Phlebia brevispora strains with two mycelial-growth-promoting bacteria, Enterobacter sp. TN3W-14 and Pseudomonas sp. TN3W-8. Clothianidin recovery from cocultures of white-rot fungi and bacteria was over 40% lower than that from axenic microbial cultures and mixed-bacterial cultures. About 20% less acetamiprid was equally recovered from both TMIC33929+TN3W-14 cocultures and mixed-bacterial cultures than from axenic fungal and bacterial cultures.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.9-19
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• 2023

Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides are crucial functional starters and predominant isolates in a wide range of fermented foods, particularly kimchi, whose constituents exhibit bioactive properties. We previously developed a methodology using anion exchange resins to purify peptidyl compounds from Lb. plantarum LBP-K10. Antibacterial cultures of Lb. plantarum LBP-K10 were obtained from the respective cultures' supernatants and filtrates. However, conclusive evidence of the efficacy of kimchi filtrates in eradicating pathogenic bacteria is lacking. We aimed to simulate the potential effects of antibacterial filtrates that contained antibacterial compounds which were derived from cultures of Lb. plantarum LBP-K10. We acquired the kimchi filtrates using a combination of centrifugation and filtration methodologies, without the requirement for inoculation. The filtered liquid from Chinese cabbage kimchi, inoculated with Lb. plantarum LBP-K10 as a starter culture, and the non-inoculated liquid from Chinese cabbage kimchi (referred to as CCK and CCKRef, respectively) were were examined. CCK demonstrated greater inhibitory activity and a more significant bactericidal effect against the bacterial indicator strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration demonstrated comparable outcomes in tests against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This research offers a groundbreaking examination that displays the effectiveness of profiling peptidyl compounds within kimchi filtrates for curing bacterial infections.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.366-371
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• 2004

Aconitine alkaloids produced from cell suspension cultures of Aconitum napellus for the first time. The effects of various culture conditions on cell biomass and aconitine accumulation in cell suspension cultures were investigated. Suspension cell cultures of A. napellus were established by transferring callus tissues from leaf explants onto liquid MS medium supplemented with $1\;mg/l$ NAA and $0.1\;mg/l$ kinetin. Among the culture media tested, MS medium had a pronounced effect on cell growth and aconitine accumulation. The maximum dry cell weight was obtained at inoculum size of 3 g (FCW) per flask and in MS medium supplemented with 5% sucrose after 8 weeks. The addition of salicylic acid (SA) and yeast extract (YE) in the MS medium enhanced aconitine accumulation. Using a proper combination of culture condition and supplements, aconitine content could reach 0.043% (dry weight basis), that was $2.5{\sim}3$ fold higher that detected in control cultures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 2001

Paclitaxel can be produced in high yield and with a high degree of purify from plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis. The complete purification method was systematically established and described. This method was an efficient procedure for the purification of paclitaxel from crude paclitaxel, consisting or reverse-phase chromatography, followed by a normal-phase chromatography. The two-stage HPLC purification scheme serves as an effective and economical approach for resolving paclitaxel from complex mixtures of taxoids, with high purify (>99%) and low impurities (<0.1%). The process is readily scalable to a pilot plant and eventually to a production environment where multikilogram quantities of material are expected to be produced. The process has been optimized to minimize solvent usage, complexity, and operating costs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2004

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the submerged-liquid culture of mushrooms was measured using two systems : linoleic acid and mouse liver microsomes induced by various free radical sources. Mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Neutari), Phellinus linteus (Sanghwang), Paecilomyces japonicus (Dongchunghacho), Hericicum erinacium (Norugungdengyee) and Agaricus blazei (Shinryeong) in 1% mulberry tree powder-supplemented medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (200 rpm, $25^{\circ}C$) for 3 days. Hot water extracts of mycelial cultures were freeze-dried, followed by fractioning with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol in the order. Antioxidant activity of each sample was examined in free radical-induced linoleic acid oxidation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS ) solution by measuring the amount of malonaldehyde (MA), and mouse liver microsomal systems by measuring the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In linoleic acid oxidation system, hot water extracts from the cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phellinus linteus, and Paecilomyces japonicus exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than aqueous or butanol fraction and the combined fraction of hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, but the hot water extract from Pleurotus ostreatus culture was the strongest activity. The antioxidant activity of the hot water extract from Pleurotus ostreatus culture was stronger than any other fractions in mouse microsomal system. These results suggest that hot water extract of Pleurotus ostreatus culture, and the cultures of Phellinus linteus and Paecilomyces japonicus could be useful for functional materials to reduce the oxidation of lipids in food systems induced by free radicals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of growth regulators and antioxidant in anther floating cultures of rice, anthers were cultured in liquid media supplemented with different growth regulators, and the effect of antioxidant mixture : (Sigma Chemical Co.) on callus induction and plant regeneration were investigated. N6 medium with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin was the best for rice anther floating cultures, which showed 48.5% of callus induction and 6.8% of green plant regeneration. The callus induction was not affected by antioxidant mixture in liquid medium, and antioxidant mixture (250 mg/L) was effective for the reduction of brownish callus and improvement of plant regeneration Antioxidant mixture showed better effectiveness when it was supplemented to both media for callus induction and plant regeneration.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1034-1042
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• 2017

The quality characteristics of Yakju and survival rate of yeast were investigated by modifying the drying method for the cold adapted yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y297 (SCY297). Viability and fermentation characteristics of the freeze-dried, air blast-dried, and liquid SCY297 cultures were compared after storing them at $25^{\circ}C$. In addition, 5% skimmed milk, ${\alpha}$-lactose, or trehalose was added as a protective agent for examining the effects of drying methods. During the 15-week storage period, the liquid and freeze-dried SCY297 cultures containing a protective agent showed a survival rate of 80%. However, the air blast-dried SCY297 culture showed 80% survival rate only in the skimmed milk supplemented group. Compared to the untreated cells, the acidity and amino acidity of Yakju prepared using freeze-dried or air blast-dried cultures of SCY297 increased by 2 fold and 5.7 fold respectively, while the alcohol content decreased by 5.07%. Compared to the untreated cells, the pH and amino acidity of Yakju prepared using the liquid culture of SCY297 increased by 1.5 fold and 2.5 fold respectively. Although the alcohol content decreased by 2.9%, decrease rate was lower than that observed for the freeze-dried and air blast-dried yeast cultures. Therefore, the results of this study showed that using a liquid starter culture was more advantageous than using the conventional solid culture.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2012

We conducted a survey of actual using conditions of farm-made liquid fertilizers by investigating their formulation types, materials, making processes, using methods and various beneficial effects on 29 farms certified by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service to produce environment-friendly agricultural products in 2009. Most of the materials used to make liquid fertilizers are those that can be easily obtained around the farms. Molasses or black sugar are added as an energy source of microorganism. And leaf mold, bacterial cultures supplied by agricultural extension centers of local governments, and cultures of native microorganisms were used as microbial sources for fermenting effective microorganisms. Types of the farm-made liquid fertilizers were fermented liquid fertilizers, fermented plant juices, amino acid liquid fertilizers, calcium-liquid fertilizers, and phosphoric acid liquid fertilizers. Effects of liquid fertilizers used by the farms were found to promote plant growth by supplying nutrition, to accelerate blooming and flower bud formation, to enhance the quality of agricultural products such as increase of sugar contents and improvement of storing conditions, to induce resistance against diseases and insect pests, and to cause endurance to high temperature stress. Chemical properties of the liquid fertilizers collected were analyzed. As a result, pH and EC range showed differences according to kinds of the liquid fertilizers. Amount of macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, in most of the collected liquid fertilizers, was found to be low. Even though the liquid fertilizers were made from same materials, their contents was found to be different depending on the making process.