• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.660-664
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• 2000

Effect of various kinds of additive such as AlOOH, Al(OH)3, Al2Si2O5(OH)4, Nb2O5, TiO2 and MgO on the properties and microstructures of UO2 pellet has been examined. All the tested dopants had played a role to reduce sintered density and open porosity. It was revealed that the addition of TiO2 made pellet more stable thermally. UO2 pellet doped with 0.2wt% TiO2 was swelled rather than densified after annealing for 24 hrs at 1$700^{\circ}C$. It was attributed to large pore with spherical shape. Titinia and silicon coexisted with Al element were more effective to increase grain size than other additives. It could be also revealed that the formation of liquid phase was the main cause of grain growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.4_2
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• pp.669-674
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• 2020

Liquid-phase-sintered (LPS) SiC materials were briefly examined with their microstructure and mechanical property. Especially, effect of high-temperature exposure on the tendency of fracture toughness of LPS-SiC were introduced. The LPS-SiC was fabricated in hot-press by sintering powder mixture of sub-micron SiC and sintering additives of Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃. LPS-SiC represented dense morphology and SiC grain-growth with some amount of micro-pores and clustered additives as pore-filling. The strength of LPS-SiC might affected by distribution of micro-pores. LPS-SiC tended to decrease fracture toughness depending on increasing exposure temperature and time.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.853-855
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• 1998

The electrical resistivity and mechanical properties of the hot-pressed and annealed ${\beta}$-SiC+39vol.%$ZrB_2$ electroconductive ceramic composites were investigated as a function of the liquid forming additives of $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$(6:4wt%). In this microstructures. no reactions were observed between $\beta$-SiC and $ZrB_2$, and the relative density is over 97.6% of the theoretical density. Phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed mostly of a $\alpha$-SiC(6H, 4H), $ZrB_2$ and weakly $\beta$-SiC(15R) phase. The fracture toughness decreased with increased $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$ contents and showed the highest for composite added with 4wt% $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$ additives. The electrical resistivity increased with increased $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$ contents because of the increasing tendency of pore formation according to amount of liquid forming additives $Al_{2}O_{3}+Y_{2}O_{3}$. The electrical resistivity of composites is all positive temperature coefficient resistance(PTCR) against temperature up to $700^{\circ}C$.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2000

The separation of tryptophan enantiomers was carried out with medium-pressure liquid chromatography using BSA (bovine serum albumin)-bonded silica as a chiral stationary phase. The influence of various experimental factors such as pH and ionic strength of mobile phase, separation temperature, and the presence of organic additives on the resolution was studied. In order to expand this system to preparative scale, the loadability of sample and the stability of stationary phase for repeated use were also examined. The separation of tryptophan enantiomers was successful with this system. The data indicated that a higher separation factor (a) was obtained at a higher pH and lower temperature and ionic strength in mobile phase. Addition of organic additives (acetonitrile and 2-propanol) in mobile phase contributed to reduce the retention time of L-tryptophan. About $30\%$ of the separation factor was reduced after 80 days of repeated use.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 1999

The mechanical and electrical properties of the hot-pressed and annealed $\beta-Sic$+39vol.%$ZrB_2$ electroconductive ceramic composites were investigated as a function of the liquid forming additives of $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3(6:4wt%)$. In this microstructures, no reactions and elongated $\alpha$-SiC grains with equiaxed $ZrB_2$, gains were observed between $\beta-SiC$ and $ZrB_2$, and the relative density was over 97.6% of the theoretical density. Phase analysis of the composites by XRD revealedmostly of $\alpha$-SiC(6H, 4H), $ZrB_2$, and weakly $\beta-SiC$(15R) phase. The fracture toughness decreased with increasing $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ contents and showed the highest of $6.37MPa.m^{\fraction ane-half}$ for composite added with 4wt% $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ additives at room temperature. The electrical resistivity increased with increasing $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$contents and showed the lowest of $1.51\times10^{-4}\Omega.cm$ for composite added with $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ additives at $25^{\circ}C$. This reason is the increasing tendency of pore formation according to amount of liquid forming additives $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$. The electrical resistivity of the composites was all positive temperature coefficient resistance(PTCR) against temperature up to $700^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.266-270
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• 2004

SiC materials have been extensively studied for high temperature components in advanced energy system and advanced gas turbine because it has excellent high temperature strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good resistance to oxidation and good thermal and chemical stability etc. However, the brittle characteristics of SiC such as low fracture toughness and low strain-to fracture still impose a severe limitation on practical applications of SiC materials. For these reasons, SiC/SiC composites can be considered as a promising for various structural materials, because of their good fracture toughness compared with monolithic SiC ceramics. But, high temperature and pressure lead to the degradation of the reinforcing jiber during the hot pressing. Therefore, reduction of sintering temperature and pressure is key requirements for the fabrication of SiC/SiC composites by hot pressing method. In the present work, monolithic Liquid Phase Sintered SiC (LPS-SiC) was fabricated by hot pressing method in Ar atmosphere at $1800^{\circ}C$ under 20MPa using $Al_2O_3,\;Y_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ as sintering additives in order to low sintering temperature and sintering pressure. The starting powder was high purity $\beta-SiC$ nano-powder with all average particle size of 30mm. The characterization of LPS-SiC was investigated by means of SEM and three point bending test. Base on the composition of sintering additives-, microstructure- and mechanical property correlation, tire compositions of sintering additives are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1978

Effects on the sintering of zircon by minor additives such as $Al_2O_3$, MgO and CaO were studied at $1450^{\circ}C$~$1550^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Shrinkage, compressive strength, bulk density and apparent porosity of sintered specimens were measured in relation to content of minor additives and temperature. Mineral constitutions of the sintered specimens were idenified with X-ray diffractometer. And microstructures of the sintered specimens were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were as follow. 1) Effect ofthe minor additives such as Al2O3, MgO and CaO on the sintering of zircon was related to reaction between added oxide and silica by dissociation of zircon. 2) Zircon did not dissociate at $1550^{\circ}C$, but it did slightly on the specimen added by Al2O3 5 wt% at $1550^{\circ}C$. 3) Sintering of zircon was promoted by the addition of MgO, $(Al_2O_3＋CaO)$ and (MgO＋CaO), then, this phenomenon was due to the formation of liquid phase.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

This paper was designed to investigate emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx and PM) from 134 diesel and gasoline passenger cars based on emission standards according to fuel additives. The experiments using chassis dynamometer were conducted under NEDC and CVS-75 modes. Comparison for fuel additive management and test between Korea, USA, EU and Japan, Korea was more strict than others. The fuel additives of this study was satisfied within fuel manufacturing standards. For with/without fuel additives according to diesel emission standards, NOx of EURO 4 and EURO 5 showed a relatively similar tendency. In the case of PM reduction rate, EURO 5 was over 20% increased than EURO 4. In the case of standard deviation/average ratio for gasoline vehicles, variation interval was big for LEV 23.3~58% and ULEV 31.6~56.4%. Following the imposition of stricter regulations (EURO 5 and ULEV), difference rate for standard deviation was big. Especially, in the case of diesel vehicles, difference rate for NOx 68% and PM 48% was most big. The results of present study will be of assistance in completing the legislative process and will provide basic data to set up emission standards for fuel additives in Korea.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.544-549
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• 2001

The mechanical and electrical properties of the hot-pressed and pressureless annealed SiC-39vo1.%TiB$_2$electroconductive ceramic composites were investigated as functions of the liquid additives of $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ and the sintering temperature. The result of phase analysis for the SiC-39vo1.%TiB$_2$ composites by XRD revealed $\alpha -SiC(6H),\; TiB_2,\; and YAG(Al_5Y_3O_{12})$ crystal phase. The relative density of SiC-39vo1.% $TiB_2$ composites was increased with increased $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ contents. The fracture toughness showed the highest value of $7.8 MPa.m_{1/2}$ for composites added with 12 wt% $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$additives at $1750^{\circk}C$. The electrical resistivity of the SiC-39vo1.%$TiB_2$composites was all positive temperature coefficient resistance(PTCR) in the temperature range of $25S^{\circ}C \;to\; 700^{\circ}C$.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

It has been known that acid-resistant concretes on the liquid glass basis have high porosity (up to 18${\sim}$20%), low strength and insufficient water resistance. Therefore they can not be used as materials for load-bearing structural elements. Significant increasing of silicate matrix strength and density was carried out by incorporation of special liquid organic alkali-soluble silicate additives, which block of superficial pores and reduces concrete shrinkage deformation. It was demonstrated that introduction of tetrafurfuryloxisilane additive sharply increases strength, durability and shock resistance of silicate polymer concrete in aggressive media. This effect is attributable to hardening of contacts between silicate binder gel globes and modification of alkaline component owing to "inoculation" of the furan radical. The optimal concrete composition with the increased strength, chemical resistance in the aggressive environments, density and crack resistance was obtained.