• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1987

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum application rate of liquid waste from methane fermentation (LW) and its effect on botanical composition, dry matter yields and nutrient quality of pasture mixtures. Experimental fields was designed as a randomized block treated with NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK = 28-20-24 kg/lOa), NPK + Water 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 42 ton, LW 28 ton, LW 42 ton and LW 56 ton/lOa at Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1985. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Vegetation of introduced pastures, both in grasses and legumes, was markedly increased in the plots treated with methane-liquid waste. However, heavy application of liquid waste tended to increase of native weeds such as Polygronum spp., Rumex spp. and Lactuca spp. 2. Crude protein contents was increased in the plants applied with liquid waste, but NFE was decreased compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied. The concentrations of crude fat and crude fibre were, however less affected by the fertilizer resource. Among cell-wall constituents, cellulose content was decreased as the liquid waste application rate increased, while hemicellulose showed a negative association. 3. Productivity of the pasture was increased as the liquid waste application rate increased. The highest dry matter yields was obtained in the plot treated with LW 42 ton/lOa by 71 1 kg/lOa, which shows about 71% increments compared with those of chemical fertilizer treated. Net energy yields, both in starch value and NEL, were also markedly increased under liquid waste application. As a results, the optimum application rate of methane-liquid waste was found to be 42 ton in 10 a.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

For screening test of the non-volatile compounds which migrate from food packaging materials into foodstuffs, the traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems suffer from the lack of universal detector with high sensitivity and universality and high efficiency HPLC separation column which provides complete separation of complex mixtures into all individual substances. In this work, the use possibility of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD), a universal detector, was reviewed. 2D-LC system permits to improve peak capacity and resolving power for complex mixtures. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) offers a new feasibility for detection of any non-volatile compounds with high sensitivity and constant response factor in a calibration range. The combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) is most frequently used for the separation of the natural and synthetic polymers which are mainly used as raw materials for the manufacture of food packaging materials. However, there is no commercial software available for data acquisition and handling and therefore the quantification in 2D-LC analysis is still rare.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2006

We reviewed our recent advances in LC mixture development identifying the new classes of materials to yield LC mixtures with faster switching times and better reliability

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.1118-1120
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• 2003

For LCD-TVs with full capability to show moving pictures and LCD monitors for multi media use, it is necessary that the switching times of Liquid Crystal (LC) mixtures are within one frame (16.7ms). In order to achieve faster switching times, new LC materials have been identified, mainly focusing on the further reduction of the rotational viscosity (${\gamma}1$).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.607-624
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• 2018

We review SAFT equation of state (EOS) which is based on TPT theory and statistical-mechanical principles, and confirm that it can be used as a useful tool to predict vapor-liquid phase equilibria of associating fluid mixtures. We examine theoretical structure of PC-SAFT EOS in great detail, and then assess the applicability and performance of the EOS while applying it to various mixtures containing nonpolar components, polar components and associating components in a stage-wise manner. In contrast to the conventional engineering EOS, PC-SAFT EOS can accurately predict nonideal behaviors of those mixtures without using semi-empirical binary interaction parameter. This is because the SAFT theory is based on a rigorous theoretical framework at molecular level which effectively accounts for various intermolecular interactions, and it thus provides substantial benefits in applying the SAFT EOS to complex thermodynamic phenomena of multi-component mixtures.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.611-614
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• 2003

We have investigated electric field effect on the formation of phase separated composite organic film structure which is utilized by anisotropic phase separation from LC and prepolymer mixtures. Application of bias field resulted in a significant change in liquid crystal alignment between glass substrate and polymer layer. The liquid crystal molecules segregated into the inter-electrodes and formed twisted structure which is the result of imprinting of LC alignment by the bias field on polymer layers during polymerization process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1109-1111
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• 1996

The Podand Ⅰ (Figure 1) has been studied as cation carrier in a bulk liquid membrane system. Ag+ and some other transition metal ions (M2+=Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, and Cd) have been transported using the podand as carrier in a bulk liquid membrane system. Studies on the transport of equimolar mixtures of two or three competing components have also been carried out with the same system. Ag+ exhibited a higher transport rate than the other M2+ in the competitive experiments. Ligand structure and the equilibrium constant for complex formation are important parameters in the transport of the metal ions.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

A manure management plan is important for all daily operations. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application level of liquid cattle manure on the soil properties and changes of BOD and COD content in run-off water at the mixtures swards of National Livestock Research Institute RDA Suweon in 1995. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments consisting of no fertilizer chemical fertilizer application of 40, 60 and 80MT/ha as liquid cattle manure. The quantity of run-off for a no fertilizer was the highest of 1,469.4mm but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 60MT/ha was the lowest of 1,278.1mm. The change of BOD in run-off for a no fertilizer was the lowest of $19.84m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$, but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 80MT/ha was the highest of $36.22m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$. Change of COD in run-off for a no fertilizer was the lowest of $21.28m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$ but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 80MT/ha was the highest of $37.51m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$. Available phosphorus and total-N content of soil chemical properties was higher at liquid cattle manure than chemical fertilizer.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2020

Laboratories and industrial processes typically involve the use of flammable substances. An important property used to estimate fire and explosion risk for a flammable liquid is the flash point. In this study, flash point data at 101.3 kPa were determined using a SETA closed cup flash point tester on the following solvent mixtures: {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + methylcyclohexane}, {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + ethylbenzene}, and {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + p-xylene}. The purpose of this work is to obtain flash point data for binary mixtures of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with three hydrocarbons (methylcyclohexane, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene), which are representative compounds of the main aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum. The measured flash points are compared with the predicted values calculated using the GE models' activity coefficient patterns: the Wilson, the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL), and the UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC) models. The non-ideality of the mixture is also considered. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point s is less than 1.99 K, except when Raoult's law is calculated. In addition, the minimum flash point behavior is not observed in any of the three binary systems. This work's predicted results can be applied to design safe petrochemical processes, such as identifying safe storage conditions for non-ideal solutions containing volatile components.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2006

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTCs) were measured with one nonazeotropic mixture of propane/isobutane and two azeotropic mixtures of HFC134a/isobutane and propane/HFC 134a. All data were taken at the liquid pool temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ on a horizontal plain tube of 19.0mm outside diameter with heat fluxes of $10\;kW/m^2\;to\;80kW/m^2$ with an interval of $10\;kW/m^2$ in the decreasing order of heat flux. The measurements were made through electrical heating by a cartridge heater. The nonazeotropic mixture of propane/isobutane showed a reduction of HTCs as much as 41% from the ideal values. The azeotropic mixtures of HFC134a/isobutane and propane/HFC134a showed a reduction of HTCs as much as 44% from the ideal values at compositions other than azeotropic compositions. At azeotropic compositions, however, the HTCs were even higher than the ideal values due to the increase in the vapor pressure. For all mixtures, the reduction in heat transfer was greater with larger gliding temperature difference. Stephan and Korner's and lung et al's correlations predicted the HTCs of mixtures with a mean deviation of 11%. The largest mean deviation occurred at the azeotropic compositions of HFC134a/isobutane and propane/HFC134a.