• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.577-582
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• 2015

This paper is the fundamental study for the application of cold storage system to the transportation equipment by sea and land. This numerical study presents the solid-liquid phase change phenomenon of calcium chloride solution of 30wt %. The governing equations are 1-dimensional unsteady state heat transfer equations of $1^{st}$ order partial differential equations. This type of latent heat storage material is often usable in fishery vessel for controlling the temperature of container with constant condition. The governing equation was discretized with finite difference method and the program was composed with Mathcad program. The main parameters of this solution were the initial temperature of heat storage material, ambient temperature of cold air and the velocity of cold air. The data of boundary layer thickness becomes thin with the increasing of cold air flowing velocity and also the heat storage completion time become shorten.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.365-373
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• 2021

In this study, evaporation of LN2 non-spreading pool on concrete plate was dealt with experimentally. The thermophysical properties of concrete, which is a composite material, were obtained by minimizing the difference between the numerical analysis results obtained from the assumed properties and the results from experiments. The thermal energy required for evaporation of the liquid pool is supplied from the concrete plate and the wall of the container. As a result of the measurement, the thermal energy flowing in from the wall was negligible compared to the one supplied from the concrete plate. It was found that the measured evaporation rate of the liquid pool by the heat energy supplied through the concrete plate agrees well with the PTC model except for the initial section of the experiment. The validity of the semi-infinite assumption and the one-dimensional assumption, which are the main conditions of the PTC model, was also verified through experiments. The evaporation rate model in the non-spreading pool discussed in this study can provide a basic frame for the one in the spreading pool, which is a meaningful result considering that the spreading pool is very realistic compared to the non-spreading pool.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2024

In this study, several studies were conducted on the construction of gas conversion process system for a pilot plant using a small-scale hydrogen liquefaction system. The pilot plant considered in this study includes a liquefier, a storage tank, an evaporator, a gas booster, and a gas storage tank. First, the suspected leak area of the container was checked using the sprayed method of helium gas. The small-scale hydrogen liquefaction system was designed based on the analysis results of the pre-cooling system and the liquefaction system. Additionally, the program was developed to maintain pressure within vessel for an automatic production of liquid hydrogen. The evaporator for liquid hydrogen was manufactured based on the designed analysis data, and the pollution of gas in the vessel was analyzed through a gas recovery line system.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1058-1062
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• 2004

High-temperature cylindrical stainless steel/sodium heat pipe was manufactured and tested under long-term operation. The container material was stainless steel 316L and the working fluid was sodium. The heat pipe was 25.4 mm in diameter and 1000 mm in length with a two-layer screen mesh wick. The evaporator part was 600 mm and the condenser part was 300 mm in length. Total measurement points on heat pipe were 15 points and 12 points were located in condenser part. The heat pipe was heated for 142 days(3400 hours) at $800^{\circ}C$. In the test period, the maximum temperature difference was increased from $18^{\circ}C$ o $28^{\circ}C$ and the maximum thermal resistance was as low as $0.015^{\circ}CW$.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 1988

Effects of the glycerol addition and removal medium containg 10% sucrose on the mouse embryo survival after freezing in a liquid introgen container were determined using the FDA test. The summarized results are the following. 1. The FDA score was higher (P<0.05) when embryos were frozen in the glycerol addition medium with sucrose that the one without it(3.4 vs 3.0). 2. No difference in the score was found between the glycerol removal medium containing 10% sucrose(3.2) and PBS＋10% sucrose(3.3). 3. The score was higher(P<0.01) at morular stage than blastocyst stage of embryos.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 1996

Current processing and packaging of anchovy sauce was reviewed and a new method of anchovy sauce processing was proposed for standardized production and quality management. The proposed procedure for liquid type anchovy sauce involves mixing of anchovy fishes and salt(20%), stored aging and fermentation under controlled temperature condition, filtration/centrifuge, secondary fermentation and filtration of residue added with brine solution, combining of first and second filtrates, packaging into container, and pasteurization. Treatment of residue waste was also considered.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.13-14
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• 2002

Bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, is one of the oldest cultivated plants. To bigin with, its fruit was used as a complete liquid bottle or container. It was a very widespread cultivated plant in prehistoric times, for example (there) is a report from Peru as early as between 13,000 B.C and 11,000 B.C. The dug-out finds in Japan proved to be about 95,000 years old according to the $^{14}$ C analysis. The bottle grourd was the most important plant before the invention of pottery in many areas of Asia, New Guinea, Polynesia, America, and Africa. I would like to suggest that there should be “The Bottle Gourd Age” prior to the Pottery Age.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2000

A preliminary design of gas-gp thermal switch is presented to reduce the cooldown time of superconducting system conduction-cooled by a two-stage refrigerator without liquid cryogens. The switch connects thermally the first and the second stages (ON) to take advantage of the larger refrigeration capacity at the first stage during the beginning period. After the cryogenic temperature is reached, the switch should isolate thermally the two stages (OFF) in order to reduce the heat leak to the cold end. In this paper, a new concept for the performance index is introduced to evaluate the reduction of the cooldown time and the increase of the cooling load at the same time. In addition, the design of a gas-gap switch is discussed as a closed container of several staggered concentric tubes filled with gas, which is frozen at low temperatures for the shut-off of heat without any mechanical actuation. Some of the detailed features in the design is quantitative investigated by the gas convection model in the continuum or the rarefied gas region.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.78-83
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• 2007

Diesel, a kind of petroleum, which is used in vehicles, vessels, boilers etc causes great damage when a fire happens, because it has higher caloric value than gasoline or kerosene has at burning. Therefore, pool fire experiment was carried using diesel which is sold on the gas station and radiation heat flux that occurs from flame and inner temperature of flame at burning was estimated. The maximum instantaneous flame temperature of diesel was more than $900^{\circ}C$, and the average of maximum flame temperature was $800^{\circ}C$ which occurred at 0.5 H/D distance from the surface of inflammable liquid, the distance has more long that has the lower the temperature of flame. In case of radiation heat flux, it grew to vary according to the size and amount of sample. When the size of a container for experiment was 0.5 m and sample layer was 13 mm and 20 mm, the radiant heat was 92.29 kW and 117.43 kW each. When the container was 1.0 m, it was 364.35 kW and 405.88 kW each.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of osmotic priming, liquid smoke (LS), sonication and modified drum priming treatments to improve the germination speed and uniformity of pepper seeds for high quality export seeds. Seeds were treated in 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10% LS solution only or with 100mM $K_2SO_4$ solution for 6days at $15^{\circ}C$. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4, 15.7, 21.0, 26.1kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 84, 96 and 108h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. 0.5% LS treatment with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ priming showed significant effects with 71% GP (9.0days MGT) and 66% GP (7.4days MGT), respective, while untreated seeds resulted in only 61% GP and 10days MGT. The healthy seed % was increased by 24% by $K_2SO_4$ priming with LS treatment compared to untreated seeds. However, sonication treatment showed less germination or no difference compared to untreated seed, regardless of intensity and treatment time. The modified drum priming treatment (108h incubation after 50% SMC hydration) significantly improved the GP (on the $4^{th}$days after sowing), germination rate (GR), and MGT to 65%, $28%{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and 3.6days, whereas untreated seed resulted only 7% GP, $17%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR and 5.9days MGT. Thus, modified drum priming treatment effectively improved seed germination and is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.