• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.400-407
• /
• 2019

The optimum growth temperature of sea cucumber is $18^{\circ}C$, above $20^{\circ}C$, the appetite declines and the digestive tract is atrophied. At $25^{\circ}C$ or more, it is known that the digestive tract is degenerated as growth is stopped by minimizing metabolic activity. Because of these physiological and ecological characteristics, the growth period of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is relatively short in the natural environment of Korea where four seasons are clear. Therefore, maintenance of water temperature in sea cucumber culture is very important. This experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and lipid compositions of sea cucumbers at high temperature. Results showed that the growth and survival rates of sea cucumber were not significantly different until $26^{\circ}C$ (P>0.01). The fatty acid compositions of total lipid of sea cucumber tended to increase with saturated fatty acid content and decrease with n-3 fatty acid content at higher water temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.701-709
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to measure breast discomfort, breast pumping time, and breast milk compositions, specially lipid, calorie, and creamatocrit, after Oketani breast massage program. This study is a single group pretest-posttest design. Seventeen mothers who have preterm babies were received Oketani breast massage program. To evaluate the effects of Oketani massage program, data were measured the breast discomfort by the visual analogue scale, breast pumping time, and breast milk lipid, calorie, creamatocrit by a Creamatocrit plus machine, the standard centrifuge with digital calipers. The breast discomfort was significantly reduced after two Oketani breast massage programs(p<.05). In terms of composition of breast milk, lipid, calorie, and crematocrit were significantly increased after second Oketani massage program(p<.05). The Oketani breast massage program applied to mothers who have preterm babies could reduce breast discomfort and increase lipid, calorie, and creamatocrit of breast milk.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1999

Changes in lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid compositions of the cultured oysters in shallow-water, Bukman bay (Tongyeong, Korea), using both Korean and Japanese spats were investigated. The content of non-polar lipid (NL) comprised approximately $60- 80\%$ of total lipid (TL) in the cultured oysters. There was a positive correlation between NL content and meat weight, y=0.287lx-15.309 (r=0.834l, p<0.001). The prominent fatty acids of the oysters were 16:0, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 18:0, l8:1n-7, l8:1n-9, l6:1n-7, 14:0 and l6:4n-3. During the growth of the oysters, l6:4n-3 showed the highest coefficient of variation, accounting for $41.8\%$ for the Korean oyster and $32.3\%$ for the Japanese one, respectively. Both oysters showed low level of n-3 fatty acids such as DHA and EPA and high level of n-6 fatty acid, 20:4n-6, in the spawning period (August). During growth of the oysters, both EPA and DHA were the richest fatty acids in the harvest period (December, 314 mg/100g sample) and in the pre-spawning period (July, 237-247 mg/100g sample), respectively. Consequently, the cultured oyster with Japanese spat contained approximately two times more n-3 fatty acids per oyster individual than those with Korean one in the harvest season.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various dietary lipid sources on the growth performance, body composition, and fatty acid profiles of juvenile fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi). Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight, 15.1±0.18 g) were fed one of five experimental diets containing fish oil (SLO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), lard (LA), or a mixture of SLO, SO, and LO (Mix) for 8 weeks. Fish fed the LA diet gained less weight than did fish fed the LO diet. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the LA and Mix diets were lower than those of fish fed the SO and LO diets. The body lipid content of fish fed the SO diet was lower than those of the other groups. Whole-body fatty acid compositions reflected the fatty acid compositions of dietary lipid sources. Fish fed the SO diet had high concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, whereas fish fed the LO diet were rich in linolenic acid. Fish fed the SLO diet had significantly higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid compared with fish fed the SO, LO, and LA diets. The results of this study suggest that SO or LO could be used as a replacement for SLO in the diets of juvenile fancy carp without any negative effects on growth and feed utilization when the dietary essential fatty acid requirements are satisfied for juvenile fancy carp.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 2000

Lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of eight species of wild and cultured seawater fish in Korea were investigated. Total lipid (TL) contents of wild and cultured fish were $2.64\pm1.88\%$ and $5.42\pm1.76\%$, respectively, except for rockfish and striped beakperch. Non-polar lipids (NL) in all fish samples comprised approximately $84\%$ of the TL content. The proportion equation of NL content to TL content was y=0.9296x-0.4468 $(R^2=0.98l2, p<0.001)$. The most abundant NL class was triglyceride. The prominent fatty acids in all fish samples were 16: 0, 18: 1(n-9), 22 : 6(n-3) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 16: 1(n-7), 20 : 5 (n-3) (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 18 : 0 and 18 : 1(n-7). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) group was the richest among the total fatty acids (TFA). DHA and EPA were comprised of approximately $85\%$ of n-3 PUFA. There was a positive correlation between TFA content and n-3 PUFA content; y=0.292x-0.0055 $(R^2=0.9349, p<0.001)$. The n-3 PUFA content of the cultured fish was approximately twice as much as that of the wild fish. Therefore, cultured fish were proven to provide better sources of n-3 PUFA if compared to wild fish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 1990

The compositions of lipid class and fatty acid of free lipids as non-starch lipid and bound lipids(extraction either at low or high temperature) as starch-lipid extracted from starch in mung bean(phaseolus radiatus L) was investigated. The contents of neutral lipids glycolipids and phospholipids in free lipids were 98.2% 1.7% and 0.1%, whereas those found in bound lipids were 84.3-85.7% 10.5-11.0%, and 5.2-3.3% respectively The major components of neutral lipid fraction in the bound lipids were triglyceride and esterified sterol and those were composed of 0% of total neutral lipids. Monogalactosyl idiglyceride and esteryl steryl glycoside were observed as main glycolipids components in both free and bound lipids. Among the phospholipids in the bound lipids phosphatidylinositol phosphatidyl serine and phosphati-dyl ethanolamine were identified an major constituents. The free lipids contained palmitic(50.2%) stearic(20.6%) oleic(8.5%) and behenic(7.4%) acids and bound lipids had more palmi-tic and linoleic acids but less stearic acid compared to thosed in the free lipids.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.261-261
• /
• 2006

Membranes are a central feature of all biological systems and their ability to control many cellular processes is critically important. As a result, a better understanding of how molecules bind to biological membranes is an active area of research. In this report, the interaction between our biomimetic structures and different biological membranes is reported using both model vesicle and in vitro bacterial cell experiments. These results show that lipid composition is more important for selectivity than overall net charge. An effort is made to connect model vesicle studies with in vitro data and naturally occurring lipid compositions.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.33 no.spc3
• /
• pp.349-358
• /
• 2011

In order to ascertain latitudinal variation of lipid contents and compositions in copepods, we collected warm water copepod species (Euchaeta sp. and Pleuromamma spp.) from four different regions from low (sub-tropical) to mid (temperate) latitudes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Total lipid contents of Pleuromamma spp. were about 11 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$ with little latitudinal variation, whereas Euchaeta sp. showed slightly higher lipid content (20 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$) than Pleuromamma spp. with latitudinal gradient (low at subtropic and high at temperate). Wax esters, known as the major storage lipid classes, were found to be the dominant lipid classes (accounting for more than 35% of total lipids) in Euchaeta sp., whereas in Pleuromamma spp., phospholipids, known as cellular membrane components, were the dominant lipid classes. However, the exception was specimens from warm pool region exhibiting dominance in storage of lipids as a form of triacylglycerols. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA : 22:6(n-3)) (about 35% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Euchaeta sp., while saturated fatty acids (SAFA), specially hexadecanoic acid (16:0) (about 30% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Pleuromamma spp.. Among the neutral fraction of lipids, phytol, originated from the side chain of chlorophyll, was found in all samples which generally indicate active copepods feeding on algae. While only trace amounts of short-chain fatty alcohols were found in Pleuromamma spp., significant amounts of fatty alcohols were found in Euchaeta sp.. Particularly, significant amounts of long chain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (20:1 and 22:1), generally found in cold water species, were found in Euchaeta sp. from low latitudes. The latitudinal variation of trophic lipid markers in these copepods could be significantly related with in-situ food availability and species-specific diet preference. The result of this study suggests that the lipid contents and compositions in copepods may not only indicate their nutritional condition and feeding ecology but also provide insight into species-specific living strategies under different environmental conditions (i.e. water temperature, food availability).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 1993

In order to obtain basic data on the effective utilization of cockle shell, food compositions and lipid components its the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts were analyzed. Cooked meat($95^{\circ}C$, 15 sec 3kg/200l water) showed a slight lower content in moisture and total crude lipid then raw meat but those meat had more crude protein and ash then raw one. Non-polar lipid of the raw, cooked meat and its extract consist of $25.4\%,\;22.4\%\;and\;48.7\%$, of total lipid, while polar lipid, $74.6\%,\;77.6\%\;and\;51.3\%$ respectively. Non-polar lipid was mainly was consisted of triglyceride, free fatty acid, and polar lipid mainly was consisted of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid were 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3), 16:0 and 18:0 in the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts and showed higher contents in polyenes such as 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation with gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) powder on blood biochemical compositions, meat lipids and fatty acid profiles of the broiler chicks. One hundred male broiler chicks were divided randomly into five groups: group fed with basal diet (Control); group supplemented with 2.5% antibiotics in the drink water (Antibiotics), and groups supplemented gaeddongssuk powder with 5% (BG-I), 6% (BG-II), and 7% (BG-III) in the basal diets. Levels of total lipid and LDL-C in serum of broiler chicks were significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in the BG-III. HDL-C level was significantly higher in BG-I and BG-II compared to the Antibiotics group. Antioxidant activity of serum in the BG-II was significantly higher than Control and Antibiotics groups. Lipid peroxide contents in the BG-I and BG-II were significantly lower than to the Antibiotics group. Total lipids level of breast and legs meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Total cholesterol level of breast meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. UFA/SFA ratio of breast and legs meat from the BG-II was tend to higher compared to Control and Antibiotics groups. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary supplementation of gaeddongssuk with 6% could be applicable as the possibility to improve blood biochemical compositions and meat lipids properties in broiler chicks.