• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.313-319
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• 1978

무지방사료(無脂肪飼料) 및 여기에 17:0, 18:0 혹은 18:2을 첨가(添加)한 사료(飼料)를 병아리에 급여(給與)해서 간장(肝臟) 및 혈장(血漿)의 각지질분획(各脂質分劃)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)에 미치는 급여지방산(給與脂肪酸)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 그 결과(結果) 간장중(肝臟中)의 총지질함량(總脂質含量) 및 각지질분획(各脂質分劃)의 함량(含量)은 급여지방산(給與脂肪酸)에 의해서 영향(影響)받지 않았다. 그러나 17:0을 급여(給與)하면 간장(肝臟) 및 혈장(血漿)의 각지질분획(各脂質分劃)에 17:0 및 17:1 출현(出現)하고, 혈장(血漿)트리그리세라이드에서는 17:0이 또한 혈장(血漿)콜레스테롤에스텔에서는 17:1이 다른 분획(分劃)보다도 유의(有意)하게 높았다. 더욱이 간장(肝臟)에서는 각분획(各分劃)사이에 양지방산(兩脂肪酸)의 분포치(分布値)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 18:2의 급여(給與)도 17:0을 급여(給與)한때와 같이 간장(肝臟) 및 혈장(血漿)의 각지질분획(各脂質分劃)에 18:2이 출현(出現)하고, 특(特)히 간장인지질분획(肝臟燐脂質分劃)에서 18:2의 분포치(分布値)는 다른분획(分劃)보다도 유의(有意)하게 높았다. 그러나 18:0을 급여(給與)해도 이것이 간장(肝臟) 및 혈장중(血漿中)에 특별적(特別的)으로 증가(增加)하지는 않았다. 또한 17:0 및 18:2과 같은 외인성지방산(外因性脂肪酸)의 급여(給與)에 의하여 내인적(內因的)으로 합성(合成)되는 16:1 및 18:1의 분포치(分布値)는 간장(肝臟)에서 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2003

Although various raw plant materials have been demonstrated to exert anti-obesity effects to a greater or lesser extent in both humans and animals when they are used to supplement the diet, it has not been shown extensively that they influence adipocyte cell differentiation involving lipid metabolic gene expressions. Using a well-established 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation system, we decided to look into molecular and cellular event occurring during adipocyte differentiation when raw plant materials aye included in the process, in an effort to demonstrate the potential use of a screening system to define the functions of traditionally well-known materials. To these ends, the effects of ethanol (EtOH) or EtOH/distilled water (DW) extracts of Wax Gourd were examined using cytochemical and molecular analyses to determine whether components of the extracts modulate adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-Ll preadipocytes in vitro. The cytochemical results demonstrated that EtOH or EtOH/DW extracts did not affect lipid accumulation and cell proliferation, although the degree of lipid accumulation was influenced slightly depending on the extract. EtOH extract was highly effective in apoptotic induction during differentiation of 3T3-Ll preadipocytes (p<0.05). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), Uncoupling protein (Ucp) 2, 3 and 4 also showed that while LPL expression was not influenced, Ucp2, 3 and 4 were up regulated in the EtOH extract-treated group and down regulated in the EtOH/DW extract-treated group. These changes in gene expressions suggest that the components in different fractions of Wax Gourd extracts may modulate lipid metabolism by either direct or indirect action. Taking these results together, it was concluded that molecular and cellular analyses of adipocyte differentiation involving lipid metabolic genes should facilitate understanding of cellular events occurring during adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the experimental scheme and analytical methods used in this study should provide a screening system for the functional study of raw plant materials in obesity research.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.305-318
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• 1997

This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of Korean lactating women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas, by anthropometric measurement, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing the contents of breast milk components, serum lipid content and fatty acid composition. Regarding anghropometric measurements, maternal circumferences decreased significantly at the trunk but not at the limbs. The skinfold thickness on all regions had the tendency to decrease during lactation. It was found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrates were desirable while calcium, zinc, copper and vitamin A were low and sodium was excessive. The energy $\%$of fat was 22.41$\%$of the total energy which is higher than the RDA for adults but it is proper for lactating women, but energy $\%$ from each fatty acid was usually low and an intake ratio of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Concentrations of the nutrients in matured human milk showed the same range as that reported form different regions with the exception of calcium and magnesium which were relatively low. Serum lipid contents were decreased with the time postpartum and the average serum lipid content of lactating women were similar to the normal range of adults. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids. especially $\omega$6 fatty acids have gradually increased with the time postpartum, but the composition were not greatly influenced by dietary intakes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1979

재래식 메주로 부터 분리(分離)한 Phycomyces속(屬)의 포자낭병의 지질조성(脂質組成)을 분석(分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 건체중(乾體中)의 지질(脂質)을 18.2%로서 그 조성(組成)은 중성지질(中性脂質)이 69.2%, 당지질(糖脂質)이 24.3% 그리고 인지질(燐脂質)이 6.5%였다. 2. 중성지질(中性脂質)의 구성성분(構成成分)은 carotene,탄화수소(炭化水素), estrified sterol, 지방산(脂肪酸) ester, triglyceride, 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸), 유리(遊雌) sterol등이고 주성분(主成分)은 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸)과 triglyceride로서 각각 45.6%와 30.9%를 차지하였다. 3. $AgNO_3-TLC$에 의한 방법(方法)으로 triglyceride에서 12개(個), diglyceride에서 8개(個)의 lipid molecular species를 분별(分別)하였다. 4. 총(總) 지질(脂質)의 주지방산(主脂肪酸)은 stearic, linoleic. arachidic, linolenic acid이고 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸)의 주지방산(主脂肪酸)은 stearic, linoleic, arachidic acid 등이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.252-256
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• 1999

한우육의 사태(M. Semitendinosus)를 대상으로 감마선 조사선량(0, 1, 3, 5, 10 kGy)에 따른 지질성분과 항산화 효소 활성도 및 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 함량의 변화를 측정하였다. 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량에서는 비조사군과 조사군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 항산화 효소의 활성에서 GST, catalase, SOD 역시 비조사군과 조사군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 한편, 등심부위의 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 함량은 감마선 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소되었다(P<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1764-1769
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• 2000

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of nitrite on total, neutral, and polar lipids and fatty acid composition in laboratory-cooked ground pork. Muscle samples (Biceps femoris) were analyzed using Iatroscan, gas chromatography, phosphorus content, and TBARS value. The total and neutral lipid contents of muscle were higher in nitrite-untreated meat (0 ppm) than in nitrite-treated meat (100 ppm) but the reverse was observed for polar lipid contents. The results for neutral lipids showed a similar trend when compared with total lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents of total, neutral and polar lipid in 100 ppm treated meat were higher than that of 0 ppm. The phosphorus content was higher in 100 ppm meat than in 0 ppm but the reverse was observed for TBARS value. These results showed that the addition of 100 ppm nitrite to ground pork resulted in a remarkable antioxidant effect during refrigeration storage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.93-116
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• 1974

토양(土壤), 퇴비(堆肥), 사료(飼料)로부터 세포내지질(細胞內脂質)을 다량생산(多臺生産)하는 효모(酵母)로서 Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis SW-17을 선발(選拔)하였고 또 식물엽(植物葉)에서 세포외(細胞外) 지질(脂質)을 다량생산(多量生産)하는 2균주(菌株)의 효모(酵母) Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis SW-5 및 Rhodotorula graminis SW-54를 분리동정(分離同定)하여 그들의 세포내외(細胞內外) 지질생산(脂質生産)에 관(關)한 기초적(基礎約)인 연구(硏究)를 한바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) $24^{\circ}C$에서 8일간(日間) 진탕 배양(培養)할때 균체증식후(菌體增殖後) 질소성분(蜜素成分)이 어느정도(程度) 소모(消耗)되었을 때부터 지방(脂肪)의 생성(生成)이 시작되었으며 이때 Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis SW-17은 세포내지질(細胞內脂質)을 효모건체(酵母乾體)에 대하여 최고(最高) 58.42%까지 그리고 Rhodotorula graminis SW-54는 세포외(細胞外) 지질(脂質)을 2.62g/l까지 생산(生産)하였다. 2) 배양액중(培養液中)의 탄소원(炭素源)과 질소원(窒素源)이 $4{\sim}5$일(日)에 전부(全部) 소모(消耗)된 후 기아상태(飢餓狀態)에서 $24^{\circ}C$로 계속 진탕배양하면 효모세포(酵母細胞)는 세포내외(細胞內外) 지질(脂質)을 다시 이용(利用)하여 배양(培養) 90일경(日頃)에는 지질(脂質)이 완전(完全) 소모(消耗)되었다. 3) 세포내외(細胞內外) 지질(脂質)의 생함성(生合成)은 탄소원(炭素源)과 질소원(窒素源)의 상대적(相對約)인 농도(濃度)와 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)가 있어서 질소(窒素)가 효모증식(酵母增殖)에 전부 이용(利用)되어 질소(窒素) 기아상태(飢餓狀態)에서 과잉(過剩)의 탄소원(炭素源)이 있을때 지질(脂質)이 현저하게 생성(生成)되었다. 반대(反對)로 배양액내(培養液內)의 질소농도(室素濃度)를 증가(增加)시키면 지질생산량(脂質生産量)은 현저하게 저하 되었다. 4) 본분리선정(本分離選定)된 효모균주(酵母菌株)의 배양(培養) 및 지질생성(脂質生成) 최적(最適) pH는 $5.0{\sim}6.0$이었다. 5) 본분리선정(本分離選定)된 효모균주(酵母菌株)의 세포내(細胞內) 지질(脂質)은 myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic 및 linolenic acid로 구성(構成)되었으며 이중(中) palmitic acid $30{\sim}45%$, oleic acid가 $35{\sim}50%$로 가장 많았다. 6) 본분리(本分離) 선정(選定)된 효모균주(酵母菌株)의 세포회(細胞外) 지질(脂質)의 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)은 myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, 3-D-hydroxypalmitic 및 3-D-hydroxystearic acid로 구성(構成)되었으며 이중(中) 3-D-hydroxypalmitic acid가 22${\sim}$25%, 3-D-hydroxy-stearic acid가 13${\sim}$17%로 가장 많았다. 7) 본분리선정(本分離選定)된 효모균주(酵母菌株)의 세포내(細胞內) 지질(脂質) 구성(構成) polyol은 glycerol뿐이 었으며 세포외(細胞外) 지질(脂質)의 구성(構成) polyol은 glycerol, mannitol, xylitol 및 arabitol 이었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 1992

The effects of lipid peroxidation on the fluidity of the lipid bilayers of the human erythrocyte ghosts and egg-lecithin phospholipid liposomes have been studied. For the measurements of the peroxidation extent and the fluidity of the membranes, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and the fluorescence depolarization of 1, 6-diphynyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene labelled into the membrane were employed, respectively. The lipid peroxidation was performed in hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/ferrous ion, and hydrogen peroxide/ferrous ion systems. The results of these experiments show that both of the xanthine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide systems effectively. The lipid peroxidation decreased the fluidity of the membranes, especially at the very early stage of the peroxidation reaction. The decrease in the fluidity of membrane by the lipid peroxidation has been ascribed to the alteration of the polyunsaturated acyl chains of lipids and cross linkages among the membrane components. However, under drastic condition of lipid peroxidation, tdhe fluidity of the membrane rather increased possibly due to the deterioration of the membrane integrity by the peroxidation. Morphological change of the erythrocyte on peroxidation has also been observed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2018

Characterization and utilization of the bioactive compounds from natural resources is one of the most concerns to maintain quality properties of foods, especially to prevent the oxidation of lipids in meat products. Phytochemical components and antioxidant activities of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaves extracted using various solvents and their effects on physicochemical properties of pork patties during refrigerated storage were measured. The combined solvents of 80% ethanol, 80% methanol and pure double-distilled (dd)-water obtained the higher total phenolic compounds, flavonoids content, and antioxidant activities as compared to the pure solvent alone. Among the individual antioxidant components, catechin was the predominant polyphenol in CT leaves in all extracts. The addition of CT leaves extracts into pork patties showed high antioxidant activities since thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of added CT extracts were lower than those of the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, CT leaf phytochemical components displayed antioxidant activity that varied with the extract solvent used. CT extracts were superior to control in retarding lipid oxidation of pork patties, which was evident as reduced TBARS and peroxide values (POV).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

인삼추출물(95%, 50% 에탄올 및 수침액) ginsenoside Re 및 ginsana G115를 공식약물로 해서 thioacetamide로 intoxication 시킨 동물에 대한 in vitro, in vivo test를 통해 예방적 효과 및 치료적인 효과에 대해서 실험하였다. 항산화작용에 있어서 ginsenoside Re, 수침액, Ginsana C 115가 통계적으로 유효하였으며 zine sulfate turbidity test에서는 95% 에탄올 추출물과 ginsenoside Re가, GOT에 대해서는 Ginsana G 115, GPT에 대해서는 ginsenoside Re가 통계적인 유효성을 나타냈다. Venom toxin과 compound 48/80에 의한 mast cell의 탈과립현상에 대한 방어시험에서 50% 에탄올 추출물, 수침물, 95% 에탄올 추출물 및 Ginsana G 115가 유효하였다.