• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 1984

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the sulfur effects on yield, growth and nutritive qualities of soybean in the different fertilizer application methods. Ammonium sulfate and super-phosphate were applied to the soil with levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6Kg S/10a and potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and thiourea were applied by foliar application with 2KgS/10a. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Grain and dry matter yield of soybean were increased by the increase of sulfur application and sulfur application showed positive effect on yield components. 2. Sulfur application increased the sulfur content and decreased N/S ratio in grain of soybean. 3. Protein content was increased by raising sulfur application up to 4Kg S/10a. Sulfur application influenced on amino acid composition of soybean protein. Cysteine and methionine contents were increased by sulfur application. 4. Lipid content of soybean grain and inorganic ion absorption by soybean plant were not influenced significantly by sulfur application. 5. In application effects, there was no significant difference among sulfur fertilizers, but foliar application was more effective than soil application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to analyze nutrient composition of a genetically modified $\beta$-carotene biofortified rice (GM rice), developed by the Rural Development Admistration in Korea. The nutritional constituents of GM rice were compared with those of the parental rice cultivar 'Nakdong' as a non-GM control to access nutritional equivalence. Proximate components (moisture, starch, protein, lipid, and ash) of the GM rice were similar to those of the conventional non-GM rice. $\beta$-Carotene contents of GM brown and milled rice were 2.35, 2.03 ${\mu}g/g$(d.b.), respectively. There were no significant differences between the GM and non-GM rice with respect to most of their nutrient composition, despite minor differences in most amino acids and minerals. This result demonstrated that the nutritional composition of this GM rice would be equivalent to that of the parental non-GM rice without major changes in its chemical contents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.314-320
• /
• 2002

When the soybean milk residue flour were added to the respective wheat flour at level of 5%, 10% and 15% the possibility of bread making were studied. Vital gluten was added to the soybean milk residue portion of a 10% composite flour at levels of 3%, 6% and 9% to improve bread quality. And test was baking properties of soybean milk residue composite flour and sensory evaluation of composite breads. Major components of soybean milk residue flour were crude protein, 22.0%; crude lipid, 13.2%; carbohydrate, 54.3%; and dietary fiber, 27.2%. When 5%, 10% and 15% soybean milk residue flour was blended with wheat flour, water absorption, development time and bread weight were increased, and volume of dough and loaf was decreased. But improved bread-making properties by adding gluten. Color of crumb got darker as the percentage of soybean milk residue flour increased, got brighter when gluten was added. Texture of bread increased in chewiness and hardness as the percentage soybean milk residue flour increased but not different in cohesiveness. The use of vital gluten showed influence to springiness, chewiness and hardness. The sensory evaluation showed that 5% soybean milk residue-wheat bread was similar to bread made from wheat flour in overall acceptability. And the bread made by miting gluten were better than 10% soybean milk residue-wheat bread in overall acceptability.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The rice germ fraction is a better source of protein, lipid, and fiber than the rice endosperm. Furthermore, the rice germ is rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as γ-aminobutyric acid, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytic acid, and so on. In this study, the phytosterol content and antioxidant activity of Keunnunjami germ (KG) or normal rice germ supplement were investigated in healthy adult rats. Methods: In vitro, quantitative assessment of phytosterols, including β-sitosterol, campesterol, cycloartenol, and stigmasterol, was performed. Comparative antioxidant activities of 2 rice germs were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. In vivo, male Spraque-Dawley rats (30-weeks-old) were randomly assigned a diet of normal control (NC, AIN-93M diet), AIN-93M diet supplemented with normal rice germ 3% (NG3), or AIN-93M diet supplemented with KG 3% (KG3) and fed for 8 weeks. Results: KG contained significantly higher campesterol and stigmasterol contents and antioxidant activity than normal rice germ. The KG3 group exhibited significantly lower body weight gain as well as inguinal and total white adipose tissue weights. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance level among the 3 groups. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentration was significantly lower while leptin, advanced oxidation protein products, and interleukin-6 showed downward trends in the KG3 group. In addition, the superoxide dismutase level of the KG3 group was significantly higher compared to the NC and NG3 groups. Conclusion: This study indicates that KG can be considered as a valuable source of phytosterol components. Lastly, KG has strong antioxidant properties and may have potential to ameliorate elevation of proinflammatory cytokine production with age.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.29-43
• /
• 2017

We studied the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antiobesity activities of seven different kinds of edible plants. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS radical scavenging activities were determined as a measurement of antioxidant activity. NO production inhibition by the macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was carried out to assess anti-inflammatory activity. Thrombin inhibitory activity was measured for its antithrombotic function and inhibition of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation was evaluated as a measurement of antiobesity activity. Total phenolic components and total flavonoid contents were measured to determine functional materials in medicinal plants. Common sage, Japanese lady bell, and hairy agrimony showed high antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$) of less than $100{\mu}g/mL$. All samples used in this study showed anti-inflammatory activity. Common sage, hairy agrimony, and hooker chives showed antithrombotic effects. Hairy agrimony showed the highest antithrombotic effect (98.1%). Common sage, Japanese lady belly, hairy agrimony, and hooker chives showed reduced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation and hooker chives strongly inhibited lipid accumulation in the cells compared to other medicinal plants. Common sage and hairy agrimony contained more than 1 mg GAE/g of phenolic compounds and more than 1 mg CE/g of flavonoids. Functional activities were different by plant part and extraction method from each sample. These results suggest that common sage, Japanese lady belly, hairy agrimony, and hooker chives may be used as healthy food sources with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antiobesity activities, and appropriate extracting methods from each plant need to be developed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.830-837
• /
• 2007

Background and purpose : Stroke is one of the most deadly diseases and a leading cause of disability. Lipids confer an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In spite of many studies on the relationship between stroke and lipids, their relationship is not clear. This study was undertaken to determine whether lipids were associated with stroke. Method : We compared the components of blood lipids between stroke patients group (n=217,Cases), non-stroke control group (n=160, Controls) and healthy control group without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, or hyperlipidemia (n=140, Normals). These data were statically analyzed by general linear models and binary logistic regression analysis to get each adjusted odds ratio. Result : The results were as follows. The blood levels of total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) were significantly higher in patients of ischemic stroke, while the blood levels of T-Chol and LDL-Chol were significantly lower, and the blood levels of TG significantly higher in patients of hemorrhagic stroke. The blood level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) was significantly lower in all cases. Conclusion : These results suggest that high TG and low HDL-Chol may be risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke, high T-Chol and LDL-Chol may be risk factors of ischemic stroke, and low T-Chol and LDL-Chol may be risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2005

Vitellogenesis during oogenesis, reproductive cycle and first sexual maturity of the female Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii was investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of lipid droplets and yolk granules. In late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body(central core), superficial layer, and the limiting membrane. The spawning season was between May and August and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately $18{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage(September to October), late active stage(November to February), ripe stage(February to June), partially spawned stage(May to August), and recovery stage(June to August). The rate of individuals reaching the first sexual maturity was 53.1% in females of 51.0 to 60.9mm in shell height, and 100% in those over 61.0mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2012

In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 $kg/m^2$ or body fat > 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n=10) or placebo group (n=10). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8week intervention period. After supplementation, the coffee bean extract group showed body weight (p=0.08), body mass index (p=0.06), hip circumference (p<0.05), and upper waist circumference (p< 0.01). In addition, after 8 weeks, the coffee bean extract group showed a significant decrease in abdominal internal fat area compared to 0 weeks (0 weeks : $155.8cm^2$; 8 weeks : $145.9cm^2$, ${\Delta}$ change : $-9.9cm^2$, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in lipid profiles or serological measurements between the coffee bean extract group and placebo group. The results of our human study demonstrated that coffee bean extract supplementation for 8 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing abdominal internal fat area as well as hip and waist circumferences.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 1998

As a part of basic investigation for utilizing by-products derived from seafood processing as a food source, a chemical characteristics of fish bones (cod bone, Alaska pollack bone, yellowfin sole bone, hoki bone, conger eel bone and mackerel bone) were investigated. The crude protein (40.7% on the dry basis) and collagen contents (5.86%, on the dry basis), imino acid composition (189 residues/1,000 residues) of hoki bone were higher than those of the other fish bones, but were lower than those of the animal bone. The crude lipid contents and EPA and DHA compositions of yellowfin sole, conger eel and mackerel bones were $22.8{\sim}43.9%$ on the dry basis and $15.6{\sim}23.8%$, respectively and were lower than those of squid viscera. The major ash components of the fish bones were found to be calcium and phosphorus and the contents in 100 g crude ash were $37.1{\sim}38.6%$ and $18.0{\sim}18.5%$ respectively. The calcium and phosphorus contents in 100 g crude ash of cod and Alaska pollack bones were more than those of the animal bones, as well as the others. It may be concluded, front these results, hoki bone can be effectively utilized as a processing materal of collagen or gelatin and cod and Alaska pollack bones as a calcium source.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1992

Levels of total lipids in the seeds of three species of the Pinaceae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were also analyzed by a gas-chromatograph equipped with a capillary column coated with Carbowax 20M. The results are summarized as follows: Lipid contents of the seeds amounted to 56.9% in P. koraiensis, 29.9% in P. thunbergii, and 21.2% in P. rigida. In all lipids 19${\sim}$20 fatty acid were detected and, surprisingly, fatty acids having ${\Delta}^5$-non-methylene interrupted conjugate double bond such as ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2},{\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}\;and\;{\Delta}^{5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}$ occurred in appreciable amounts. In the lipids of P. koraiensis, the main component was $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6(45.0%)$, followed by $C_18:1{\omega} _9(26.9%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(14.6%)$, and then ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2}(2.2%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}$ were also present. Levels of saturated fatty acid such as $C_{16:0}\;and\;C_{18:0}$ were as low as 7.5%. The seed oil of P. thunbergii predominantly comprised $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6(45.2%)$, and was then occupied by equal amounts ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(18.1%)$ and $C_{18:1}{\omega}_9(18.1%)$. Its ${\Delta}^5, 11, 14}-C_{20:3}(5.8%)$ level was the highest in the samples tested. ${\Delta}^{5, 9}-C_{18:2}(2.8%)$ was also detected with other minor components. In the oils from the seeds of P. rigida, $C_{18:2}{\omega}_6$ was present as a main component, accompanied by $C_{18:1}{\omega}_9(21.6%)$ and ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12}-C_{18:3}(20.3%)$. The latter showed higher level than in any other samples. A minor component corresponding to ${\Delta}^{5, 9, 12, 15}-C_{18:4}$(not confirmed by GC-Mass) occurred in P. thunbergii and P. rigida.