• 대한수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1979

This paper was carried out to observe prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$-induced morphological changes in the placenta. White mice received intramuscular injections of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$(containing dinoprost tromethamine 0.5mg/ml, Upjohn Co.) in once or twice with doses of 0.1ml on 10th to 18th day of their respective pregnancies, the histological changes of the placentae and ovaries were observed with light microscope. Abortion within 21 to 51 hours following $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration occurred in the pregnant mice. Vacuolization of trophospongial cells, giant cells and myometrium under decidua basalis, spherical acidophilic inclusion bodies of various sixtes in trophospongial cells and giant cells. hydropic degeneration and necrosis of labyrinthine trophoblasts and yolk cells, and infltration of neutrophils in the placenta and the uterus were observed. In addition, there were decrease in glycogen of the placental labyrinth and the visceral yolk sac, but increase in glycogen deposit of mesometrial myometrium. Atrophy and increase in number of large lipid droplets of the luteal cells and proliferation of fibroblasts were also recognized in the corpora lutea.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2006

Microcystin-LR(MC-LR), a cyanobacterial toxin produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, causes severe hepatotoxicity. Here we investigated the morphologic changes of rat hepatocyte spheroid induced by exposure of MC-LR($10^{-6}M$) in vitro. In addition, to determine the effects of such toxin in the process of hepatocyte spheroid formation, primarily isolated hepatocytes were incubated with MC-LR and the process of spheroid formation was observed. In both hepatocyte spheroid and suspension culture systems, the morphologic changes caused by MC-LR were noticible at 5 min post exposure and were characterized by the loss of microvilli, cytoplasmic vacuolation, the accumulation of lipid droplets, and blob formation. Especially, the size and numbers of blob on the cell surface were increased as the incubation time prolonged and the appearance of electron dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte at 20 min post exposure. Furthermore, bile canaliculi-like structures in the hepatocyte spheroids were slightly widened and the process of spheroids formation was inhibited in the isolated hepatocytes incubated with MC-LR. These results indicate that morphologic changes in. the hepatocyte membrane and organelles seem to be typical events in showing the MC-LR induced hepatotoxic effects and the spheroid culture method might be a useful experimental tool to evaluate hepatoxicity since it reflects the in vivo status of hepatocytes.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2007

Blooms of Chattonella species are normally during summer in inland seas with high nutrients from the land and inflowing water. These blooms cause mass fish kills worldwide. We isolated a Chattonella strain from the south coast of Korea and identified it as C. antiqua. It is known that the morphological changes of phytoplankton correspond to the diurnal vertical migrations that follow an intrinsic biological clock and a nutrient acquisition mechanism during the day and night. In electron micrographs, C. antiqua clearly showed a radial distribution of lipid bodies in subcellular regions and plastids composed in which thylakoid layers were perpendicular to the surface. A single pyrenoid was present in each plastid and it was found at the end of the plastid towards the center of the cell. Throughout the day, plastids of C. antiqua cells appeared as an expanded net-like recticulum. During the night, however, the plastids changed their shape and contracted toward the cell periphery. The electron density of pyrenoids was increased in cells harvested during the night.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1016-1022
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• 2009

융단조직은 약실 내에서 발달하는 소포자에 영양분을 공급하고 퇴화되는 조직으로써, 소포자 4분자 시기에 최대로 발달하고 화분벽에 포분질에 축적된 후 프로그램 세포사가 일어남으로써 세포가 죽게 되고 융단조직 전체가 퇴화된다. 액포가 융합되므로써 프로그램 세포사가 시작되고 세포질응축, 핵질 분절 등이 뒤따라 일어난다. 지질 덩어리는 비교적 늦은 시기에 퇴화되며 orbicular body는 가장 늦게까지 남아 있게 된다. 융단세포의 프로그램세포사 전 과정 중에서 세포벽은 액포에서 기원하는 가수분해 효소에 비교적 안정적이므로 가장 늦게 퇴화되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), oogenesis and reproductive cycle in female Neptunea (Barbitonia) afhritica cumingii were investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. Late in the vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it showed a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting membrane. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females studied in 2004 and 2005 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2004 and 2005 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately $18-23^{\circ}C$. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (September to October), late active stage (November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to August), and recovery stage (June to August).

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.486-495
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• 2023

Lipofuscins are oxidized lipid and protein complexes that accumulate during cellular senescence and tissue aging, regarded as markers for cellular oxidative damage, tissue aging, and certain aging-associated diseases. Therefore, understanding their cellular biological properties is crucial for effective treatment development. Through traditional microscopy, lipofuscins are readily observed as fluorescent granules thought to accumulate in lysosomes. However, lipofuscin granule formation and accumulation in senescent cells are poorly understood. Thus, this study examined lipofuscin accumulation in human fibroblasts exposed to various stressors. Our results substantiate that in glucose-starved or replicative senescence cells, where elevated oxidative stress levels activate autophagy, lipofuscins predominately appear as granules that co-localize with autolysosomes due to lysosomal acidity or impairment. Meanwhile, autophagosome formation is attenuated in cells experiencing oxidative stress induced by a doxorubicin pulse and chase, and lipofuscin fluorescence granules seldom manifest in the cytoplasm. As Torin-1 treatment activates autophagy, granular lipofuscins intensify and dominate, indicating that autophagy activation triggers their accumulation. Our results suggest that high oxidative stress activates autophagy but fails in lipofuscin removal, leaving an abundance of lipofuscin-filled impaired autolysosomes, referred to as residual bodies. Therefore, future endeavors in treating lipofuscin pathology-associated diseases and dysfunctions through autophagy activation demand meticulous consideration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.267-282
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• 2000

Cytochrome P45O (CYP) 2E1 catalyzes the metabolism of a wide variety of therapeutic agents, procarcinogens, and low molecular weight solvents. CYP2E1-catalyzed metabolism may cause toxicity or DNA damage through the production of toxic metabolites, oxygen radicals, and lipid peroxidation. CYP2E1 also plays a role in the metabolism of endogenous compounds including fatty acids and ketone bodies. The regulation of CYP2E1 expression is complex, and involves transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms. CYP2E1 is transcriptionally activated in the first few hours after birth. Xenobiotic inducers elevate CYP2E1 protein levels through both increased translational efficiency and stabilization of the protein from degradation, which appears to occur primarily through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels are altered in response to pathophysiologic conditions by hormones including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and leptin, and growth factors including epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, providing evidence that CYP2E1 expression is under tight homeostatic control.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 익모초 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 자외선으로 유도된 각질형성세포 손상에 대한 보호효과를 확인하고자 익모초 열수 추출물의 생체 내 산화적 스트레스와 관련되어 있는 DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation에 대한 익모초 열수추출물의 소거효과 및 환원력 평가 시험을 진행하였으며, 사람 각질형성세포주인 HaCaT 세포주에서 UVB로 유도된 apoptosis에 대한 익모초의 억제 정도를 확인하였다. 그결과, 익모초 열수추출물에서 농도 의존적으로 항산화 효과가 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, UVB로 유도된 apoptosis에 발현 또한 억제됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 현재 국내외적으로 천연물에 대한 항산화 활성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는데, 이를 바탕으로 하는 피부 보호 효과에 대한 연구는 항노화 측면에서 그 효용가치가 높다고 여겨진다. 따라서 본 실험 연구의 결과를 토대로 항산화 효과가 우수한 식물종에 대해 단일 물질에 대한 분리 작업과 함께 항노화 실험 뿐만 아니라 항염증이나 항암 등의 실험이 더깊이 있게 진행된다면 새로운 천연물 유래 생리 활성 물질로서 효과적이면서도 안전한 화장품 소재로의 활용 또한 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2008

1998년 3월부터 1999년 2월까지 전라남도 대흑산도 연안에서 채집한 비단가리비를 대상으로 생식소중량지수, 생식세포 분화 및 난소주기를 조직, 세포학적 관찰에 의해 조사하였다. 초기 난황형성 난모세포에서, 골지체, 미토콘드리아 및 조면소포체들은 지방적 형성에 관여하였다. 후기난황형성난모세포에서 생식상피상에 존재하는 외인성 물질들 즉, 글리코겐 입자들 및 지방 과립상 물질들이 난황막의 미세융모를 통해서 난모세포의 난질로 통과해 들어갔다. 후기난황형성난모세포에서, 난황과립들과 다포체들은 단백질성 난황과립형성에 관여하였다. 난황형성과정은 내인성 자율합성과 외인성 타가합성에 의해서 일어난다. 보조세포들은 초기단계인, 전난황형성 난모세포 및 초기 난황형성 난모세포들의 형성 및 발달에 영양세포로서 기능을 한다. 생식소 중량지수의 월별 변화는 난소 발달단계들과 밀접한 관련을 가지며 변하였다. 본 종의 생식주기는 초기활성기(1~3월), 후기활성기(3~4월), 완숙기(4~8월), 부분산란기(6~8월), 퇴화 및 비활성기(8~12월)의 5단계로 구분되었다. 산란은 6~8월 사이에 일어나며, 주산란기는 수온이 높은 7~8월이었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.224-235
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• 2009

This study aimed to research meal quality and the dietary behaviors of college students for desirable dietary lives and provides basic data for nutritional education by examining polymorphism distribution of the UCP2 gene according to gender, by investigating attitudes in terms of their dietary habits and dietary lives, and by analyzing serum lipid levels and body composition. A survey was conducted with a total of 222 students - 93 male and 129 females. Based on a selfreporting method, the questionnaires were answered over 20 minutes, and UCP2 insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and blood samples were also analyzed. The results showed that the male students and female students had average BMI of 22.50 and $20.73\;kg/m^2$, respectively. According to answers regarding their dietary lives, 51.4% of the students showed 'irregular eating' patterns, which is regarded as something to be corrected. In terms of eating regularity, 51.6% of the male students and 59.7% of the female students had irregular meal schedules. As the most important meal of a day, 64.0% of the students answered 'breakfast' but only 53.6% answered that they ate breakfast everyday. In addition, 39.8% of the male students and 50.4% of the female students ate between meals 'once a day'. When questioned if they were satisfied with their body shape, 17.8 and 45.2% of the male students answered they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'gain weight', respectively, whereas 17.8 and 77.5% of the female students answered they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively. The results of the UCP2 gene polymorphism analysis showed that 33.7% of the males belonged to the DI heterozygote group, 64.2% belonged to the DD homozygote group, and 2.1% belonged to the II homozygote group. For the female students, 63.4% belonged to the DI heterozygote group, 35.1% belonged to the DD homozygote group, and 1.5% belonged to the II homozygote group. According to the blood and serum lipid analyses, the male students showed average HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hemoglobin levels of 57.20, 93.80, and 15.00 mg/dL, respectively, while the female students presented average levels of 56.69, 102.88, and 13.13 mg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, this study found no significant effects in terms of UCP2 gene polymorphisms, but it is suggested that practical plans must be designed that allow college students to use nutritional knowledge in their daily lives, and in particular, nutrition education needs to be develop that would enable female college students to recognize their bodies appropriately and to control their weight in desirable ways.