• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1568-1575
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• 2021

Obesity and related metabolic diseases are major problems worldwide. Some probiotics are currently considered potential therapeutic strategies for obesity. We aimed to investigate the anti-obesity efficacy of Latilactobacillus sakei WIKIM31 in obese mice induced by a high fat diet. The administration of a high-fat diet with L. sakei WIKIM31 reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat mass, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the blood, and remarkably decreased the expression of lipogenesis-related genes in the epididymal adipose tissue and liver. Interestingly, intake of L. sakei WIKIM31 improved gut barrier function by increasing the gene expression of tight junction proteins and suppressing the inflammatory responses. Additionally, L. sakei WIKIM31 enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate and propionate, in the intestinal tract. These results showed that L. sakei WIKIM31 can be used as a potential therapeutic probiotic for obesity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2010

The aims of this study were to evaluate obesity-related dietary behaviors and to determine long-term exercise effects on obesity and blood lipid profiles in elderly Korean subjects. A total of 120 subjects, aged 60-75 yr, were recruited, and obesity-related dietary behaviors were determined. An exercise intervention was conducted with 35 qualified elderly females for 6 months, and body composition and blood lipids were measured 6 times at 4 week intervals. At baseline, mean BMI ($kg/m^2$) was 24.8 for males and 23.1 for females. The females had better eating habits than the males and were more concerned with reading nutrition labels on food products (P < 0.001); they also preferred convenience foods less than the male subjects (P < 0.05). Obese individuals were more likely than overweight or normal weight individuals to misperceive their weight (P < 0.001). Those with a high BMI responded feeling more depressed (P < 0.01), lacking self-confidence (P < 0.01), and feeling isolated (P < 0.01) as well as having more difficulty doing outdoor activities (P < 0.01). After exercise, body fat (%) and WHR were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while body weight and BMI were also decreased without statistical significance. Total cholesterol and blood HDL were significantly improved (207.1 mg/dl vs. 182.6 mg/dl, HDL: 45.6 mg/dl vs. 50.6 mg/dl, P < 0.05). Other benefits obtained from exercise were improvements in self-confidence (26.4%), movement (22.6%), stress-relief (18.9%), and depression (13.2%). In conclusion, elderly females had better eating habits and were more concerned with nutrition information and healthy diets compared to elderly males. However, misperceptions of weight and obesity-related stress tended to be very high in females who were overweight and obese, which can be a barrier to maintain normal weight. Long-term Danhak practice, a traditional Korean exercise, was effective at reducing body fat (%) and abdominal obesity, and improved lipid profiles, self-confidence, and stress.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2012

1. 추출방법, 추출농도에 따라 항균력의 차이가 있었으나, 일반양파, 자색양파의 1%, 5%, 10% 생즙추출물 모두, 피부상재균인 Staphylococcus epidermidis(KCTC1917), Staphylococcus aureus subsp(ATCC6538)에 양호한 항균력을 보였다(81%~100%). 어성초 열수추출물은 10% 고농도에서만 피부상재균인 Staphylococcus epidermidis(KCTC1917), Staphylococcus aureus subsp(ATCC6538)에 항균력을 보였다(100%). 2. 자색양파, 어성초, 일반양파의 1%, 5%, 10% 추출물 모두, 식중독 균인 Escherichia coil, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica에서는 항균력을 보이지 않았다. 3. 자색양파 추출물과 어성초 추출물을 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%로 처리하였을 때, 피부장벽 조절인자인 filaggrin과 SPT의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 반면, 일반양파 추출물도 농도 의존적으로 filaggrin과 SPT발현양을 증가시켰지만, 자색양파 추출물에 비하여 발현양이 많지 않았다. 4. 피부 염증 반응 인자에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 COX-2의 발현과 AP-1의 발현을 분석한 결과, 자색양파와 어성초의 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% 추출물에서 농도 의존적으로 COX-2의 발현과 AP-1의 발현이 감소하였다. 반면 일반양파 추출물도 농도 의존적으로 COX-2의 발현과 AP-1의 발현이 감소하였으나, 자색 양파 추출물에 비하여 감소양이 적었다. 5. 자색양파 추출물과 어성초 추출물은 피부 장벽기능 조절인자인 filaggrin과 SPT의 발현양을 증가시켜 줌으로써, 피부의 수분 유지 기능을 강화하였고, 농도 의존적으로 피부 염증 반응 인자도 감소시켜 항염증효과가 있어, 피부미용기능재료로서의 가능성 보여주었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.503-508
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• 1990

소고기 Stew의 Process, treatment과 storage가 Stew의 지방분해에 미치는 영양을 조사했다. Process는 Stew을 조리한 후 Polyethylene 용기에서 $5^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 것(P1)과 barrier에 $0^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 것(P2)을 이용했으며, treatment은 Stew을 만들 때 쇠고기(T1), 소고기와 양파(T2), 소고기와 당근(T3) 그리고 소고기, 양파 및 당근(T4)을 넣어 만들었다. P1 Stew는 0, 2, 4일간 저장했으며, P2 Stew는 0, 2, 4주 동안 저장하였다. 조리한 소고기 Stew는 조리하지 않는 것이 비교해서 cephalin 양이 39%, lecithin 양이 21% 감소했으며, 그 외 대부분의 인지질과 지방산도 감소했다. Process의 차이나 storage의 차이에 따라 cephalin이나 lecithin의 양에 현저한 영향을 미치지는 않았으나 소고기와 당근으로 만든 Stew에서 당근이 cephalin의 가수분해를 약간 억제했다. 특히 P1 Stew가 P2 Stew보다 높은 TBA가를 나타냈으며, P1 Stew의 TBA가는 4일간 저장하는 과정에서 계속해서 증가했으며, P2 Stew의 TBA가는 4주 동안 현저한 변화가 없었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is accompanied by disruption of the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major component. Recently it was reported that vitamin C is essential for de novo synthesis of Cer in the epidermis and that the level of vitamin C in plasma is decreased in AD. The objective of this study was to determine the associations among clinical severity, vitamin C in either plasma or epidermis, and Cer in the epidermis of patients with AD. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 17 patients (11 male and 6 female) aged 20-42 years were enrolled. The clinical severity of AD was assessed according to the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) system. Levels of vitamin C were determined in plasma and biopsies of lesional epidermis. Levels of epidermal lipids, including Cer, were determined from tape-stripped lesional epidermis. RESULTS: The clinical severity of patients ranged between 0.1 and 45 (mild to severe AD) based on the SCORAD system. As the SCORAD score increased, the level of vitamin C in the plasma, but not in the epidermis, decreased, and levels of total Cer and Cer2, the major Cer species in the epidermis, also decreased. There was also a positive association between level of vitamin C in the plasma and level of total Cer in the epidermis. However, levels of epidermal total lipids including triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acid (FFA) were not associated with either SCORAD score or level of vitamin C in the plasma of all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: As the clinical severity of AD increased, level of vitamin C in the plasma and level of epidermal Cer decreased, and there was a positive association between these two parameters, implying associations among plasma vitamin C, epidermal Cer, and the clinical severity of AD.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2007

Mucus is an aqueous gel complex with a constitution of about 95% water, high molecular weight glycoprotein (mucin), lipid, salts etc. Mucus appears to represent a significant barrier to the absorption of some compounds. Natural mucoadhesive agent was isolated and purified from the aqueous extract of the seeds of prosopis pallida (PP). Formulated tablet with the isolated material by wet granulation method. Some natural edible substances are in consideration for candidates as mucoadhesive agents to claim more effective controlled drug delivery as an alternative to the currently used synthetic mucoadhesive polymers. Subjected the materials obtained from natural source i.e. PP and standard synthetic substance, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for evaluation of mucoadhesive property by various in vitro and in vivo methods. Through standard dissolution test and a model developed with rabbit, evaluated in vitro controlled release and bioadhesive property of theophylline formulation. Mucoadhesive agent obtained from PP showed good mucoadhesive potential in the demonstrated in vitro and in viνo models. The results suggest that the mucoadhesive agent showed controlled release properties by their application, substantially. In order to assess the gastrointestinal transit time in vivo, a radio opaque X-ray study performed in healthy rabbit testing the same controlled release formulation with and without bioadhesive polymer. Plasma levels of theophylline determined by the HPLC method and those allowed correlations to the in vitro mucoadhesive study results. Better correlation found between the results in different models. PP may acts as a better natural mucoadhesive agent in the extended drug delivery system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2014

Many recent studies have focused on maintaining a healthy life by preventing and/or postponing the aging process. Numerous studies have reported that continuous exposure to reactive oxygen species can stimulate skin aging and that excessive accumulation of fat can cause an impaired skin barrier and tissue structure alterations. Thus, the maintenance of antioxidant homeostasis and the suppression of adipose accumulation are important strategies for skin anti-aging. Here, we prepared three types of extracts [whole juice, acetone-perchloric acid (PCA), and ethanol] from 20 fruits and medicinal herbs native to the Gyeongnam area of Korea. The total phenolic content of each extract was analyzed, and we observed higher total phenolic contents in the medicinal herbs. Consistent with this, the results of the oxygen radical absorbance activity capacity assay indicated that the in vitro antioxidant activities of the medicinal herb extracts were stronger than those of the fruit extracts. The fruits and medicinal herbs had strong effects on cell-based systems, including $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes and 3T3-L1 lipid accumulation. Nishimura Wase persimmon, Taishu persimmon, wrinkled giant hyssop, sweet wormwood, Chinese cedar, red perilla, tan shen, hiyodori-jogo, and cramp bark may be natural anti-aging materials with effective antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities. Taken together, our findings may provide scientific evidence supporting the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals from fruits and medicinal herbs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2005

장수풍뎅이 (Allomyrina dichotoma; Dynastidae; Coleoptera)를 사육하여 종령 유충의 전장 상피를 구성하는 세포들에 대한 미세구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 상피조직은 편상피 세포들이 단층의 점막상피를 이루었으며, 그 내면은 얇은 큐티클 층으로 덮여 있었다. 상피세포의 유리면 원형질막은 미세융모로 변형되었고, 기저 원형질막은 기저막주름이 잡혀 "canaliculi"를 만들며 크게 발달한 사립체와 접해 있었다. 핵은 크게 발달하였고 세포질 내에는 발달한 사립체가 산재해 있었으며, 지질 및 단백질 과립과 글리코겐 입자들이 많이 축적되었다. 상피의 기저막은 여러겹으로 된 기저초를 이루고 있으며, 기저막내 또는 섬유상 결합조직인 점막하조직내에는 기관지세포와 신경이 뻗어 있었다. 그리고 점막하 조직 바깥쪽에는 환상근과 종주근이 관찰되었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods 6-week-old Balb/C mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis induced group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (PEAT), and Scutellaria baicalensis extract administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (SBT). Seven animals were assigned for each group. After drug administration for 3 weeks after inducing atopic dermatitis, Claudin and 8-OHdG were observed to confirm the recovery of the skin damage in each group. To confirm ECS regulation, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, Fc ε receptor, and MMP-9 was observed. Results Claudin positive reaction was significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. 8-OHdG positive reaction was significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive responses were significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Fc ε receptor and MMP-9 positivity were significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Scutellaria baicalensis extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1403-1413
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• 2023

Objective: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) maintains intestinal homeostasis by detoxifying bacterial endotoxins and regulating gut microbiota, and lipid absorption. Antibiotics administered to animals can cause gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption affecting animal health. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the role of IAP in the intestinal environment in dysbiosis. Methods: Young male mice aged 9 weeks were administered a high dose of antibiotics to induce dysbiosis. They were then sacrificed after 4 weeks to collect the serum and intestinal organs. The IAP activity in the ileum and the level of cytokines in the serum samples were measured. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of RNA from the intestinal samples was performed using primers for tight junction proteins (TJPs) and proinflammatory cytokines. The relative intensity of IAP and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in intestinal samples was evaluated by western blotting. Results: The IAP activity was significantly lower in the ileum samples of the dysbiosis-induced group compared to the control. The interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were significantly higher in the ileum samples of the dysbiosis-induced group. The RNA expression levels of TJP2, claudin-3, and claudin-11 showed significantly lower values in the intestinal samples from the dysbiosis-induced mice. Results from western blotting revealed that the intensity of IAP expression was significantly lower in the ileum samples of the dysbiosis-induced group, while the intensity of TLR4 expression was significantly higher compared to that of the control group without dysbiosis. Conclusion: The IAP activity and relative mRNA expression of the TJPs decreased, while the levels of proinflammatory cytokines increased, which can affect intestinal integrity and the function of the intestinal epithelial cells. This suggests that IAP is involved in mediating the intestinal environment in dysbiosis induced by antibiotics and is an enzyme that can potentially be used to maintain the intestinal environment in animal health care.