• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2022

Human tissues and organs can be preserved intact by fixation with formalin for the future analysis of biomolecules of interest. With the advances in high-throughput methods, numerous protocols have been developed and optimized to attain the most pathophysiological information out of biomolecules, including RNA and proteins, in formalin-fixed samples. However, there is no systematic study to examine the effects of formalin fixation on the lipidome of biological samples in a global fashion. In this study, we conducted a mass spectrometry-based analysis to survey the alteration in the lipidome of mice brains by fixation methods. A total of 308 lipids were quantitatively measured using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We found that most were unchanged after formalin fixation except for a few lipid classes such as phosphatidylethanolamine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.179-190
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to determine whether Juglandis semen extract solution (JLS solution) exerts protective effect against oxidant-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake by synaptosomes. Synaptosome was prepared from rabbit brain cortex. Glutamate uptake increased by incubation time during 10 minutes, which was significantly inhibited by 1mM t-buthylhydroperoxide(t-BHP). JLS solution prevented t-BHP-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake in a dose-dependent manner. t-BHP reduced glutamate uptake in dose-dependent fashion, which was significantly prevented by 2% JLS solution. t-BHP(1mM) and $ascorbate/Fe^{2+}(50/1{\mu}M)$ increased lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes by 5-fold, and it was significantly prevented by 2% JLS solution. $HgCl_2(0.1mM)$ inhibited glutamate uptake and increased lipid peroxidation. These changes were prevented by 2% JLS solution. Synaptosomal Na-K-ATPase activity was inhibited by t-BHP(1mM) and $H_2O_2(50mM)$, which was prevented by 2% JLS solution. The results indicate that JLS solution prevents oxidant-induced inhibition of glutamate by synaptosomes, and this may result from inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by oxidants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.457-465
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• 2019

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often suffer from diverse skin disorders, which might be attributable to skin barrier dysfunction. To explore the role of lipid alterations in the epidermis in DM skin disorders, we quantitated 49 lipids (34 ceramides, 14 free fatty acids (FFAs), and cholesterol) in the skin epidermis, liver, and kidneys of db/db mice, a Type 2 DM model, using UPLC-MS/MS. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis was also evaluated. With the full establishment of hyperglycemia at the age of 20 weeks, remarkable lipid enrichment was noted in the skin of the db/db mice, especially at the epidermis and subcutaneous fat bed. Prominent increases in the ceramides and FFAs (>3 fold) with short or medium chains ($LXR{\alpha}/{\beta}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$, nuclear receptors promoting lipid synthesis, lipid synthesis enzymes such as elongases 1, 4, and 6, and fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase were highly expressed in the skin and livers of the db/db mice. Collectively, our study demonstrates an extensive alteration in the skin and systemic lipid profiles of db/db mice, which could contribute to the development of skin disorders in DM.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2015

Interaction of the the rust fungus Puccinia miscanthi with the biofuel plant Miscanthus sinensis during the teliospore phase was investigated by light and electron microscopy. P. miscanthi telia were oval-shaped and present on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Teliospores were brown, one-septate (two-celled), and had pedicels attached to one end. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous electron-translucent lipid globules in the cytoplasm of teliospores. Extensive cell wall dissolution around hyphae was not observed in the host tissues beneath the telia. Hyphae were found between mesophyll cells in the leaf tissues as well as in host cells. Intracellular hyphae, possibly haustoria, possessed electron-dense fungal cell walls encased by an electron-transparent fibrillar extrahaustorial sheath that had an electron-dense extrahaustorial membrane. The infected host cells appeared to maintain their membrane-bound structures such as nuclei and chloroplasts. These results suggest that the rust fungus maintains its biotrophic phase with most mesophyll cells of M. sinensis. Such a nutritional mode would permit the rust fungus to obtain food reserves for transient growth in the course of host alteration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 1988

This experiment is carried out to study alteration of phospholipid compoent in liver, kidney, testis, and brain tissues of male rats which are fed selenium added high fat diets for 7 weeks. The phospholipids of these tissues are analyzed by TLC method. The results are as follows. 1. The growth rate and food intake levels are not affected by selenium-added high fat diets. 2. The levels of total cholesterol, total lipid and TBA are lower in selenium-added diets than selenium free diets 3. The total phospholipid levels of each tissue are kidney > brain > testis > liver and the levels of phospholipid component are Le>Sph>Ce>LLe for kidney and liver, Le>Sph>LLe>Ce for testis and brain.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

The membrane fatty acid composition of tumor cell can be modified either in cell by altering the lipid composition of the medium of during growth in animals by changing the dietaty fat composition. These modifications are associated with changes in membrane physical properties and certain cellular functions, including carrier-mediated transport and enzyme contained within the membrane. Such effects influence the transport of nutrients and chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells .Fatty acid modification also can enhance the sensitivity of the neoplastic cell to chemotherapy. The alteration in plasma membrane composition will be affected through dietary supplementations and the potential value to cancer patients could be a better understanding of the effects of diet on responsiveness of neoplasms to chemotherapy, i.e. cancer patients' chances for a "cure" can be improved by diet changes prior to treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2007

Obesity is an independent risk factor fur coronary artery disease in the postmenopausal women, which may be mediated by alteration of blood lipid metabolism. We are aimed to evaluate the effects of low energy diet, restriction of high fat foods and exercise education on weight, fat mass and blood lipid profile. Fifteen postmenopausal obese women were studied. Subjects received detailed advice about how to achieve a reduction of weight by a low-energy diet (1,200kcal), restriction of high fat food and increased exercise in every 4 wks during 8 wk. To evaluate the effectiveness for education programs, dietary fat habit and daily nutrient intakes, exercise were tested before and after intervention. Anthropometry, computerized tomography, and blood lipid profile were assessed before and after intervention. According to the nutrition education, energy intake (from 1776.1 ${\pm}$ 28.2 kcal to 1268.7 ${\pm}$ 115.2 kcal, p < 0.001) and percent of energy from fat (21.9%, p < 0.01) were significantly decreased. However, the index of nutritional quality was over 1.0. On the contrary, exercise (from 341.3 ${\pm}$ 222.1 kcal to 569.4 ${\pm}$ 309.8 kcal, p < 0.05) was increased and dietary fat habit scores (from 30.8 ${\pm}$ 5.2 to 36.1 ${\pm}$ 3.0, p < 0.01) were improved. Also, body weight (4.2%, p < 0.001), BMI (4.5%, p < 0.001), body fat mass (3.4%, p < 0.05) and waist to hip ratio (1.1%, p < 0.05) were decreased. Among abdominal fat, visceral fat (26.1%, p < 0.05) and subcutaneous fat (14.8%, p < 0.01) were decreased. But there was no difference in visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio. We observed HDL-cholesterol increase (11.7%, p < 0.05), triglyceride reduction(14.8%, p < 0.05) and atherogenic index improvement (from 2.7 ${\pm}$ 0.7 to 2.3 ${\pm}$ 0.7, p < 0.05) However, there was no change in LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. Theses results showed that low energy diet, restriction of high fat foods and exercise education could result in reduction of body weight, fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat, and in improvement of blood lipid profile in the postmenopausal obese women.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2014

Chungsimyeonja-tang (CSYJT) is an herbal decoction that consists with 12 herbal medicines. CSYJT has been shown to have anti-stress, anti-allergic and anti-oxidant effects. The aim of this study was to determine flavonoid contents in CSYJT and evaluate its protective effect against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity using both in vitro (porcine renal epithelial cell; PK15 cell) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rat) experiments. In the present study, thee mean contents of baicalin, wogonoside and baicalein in CSYJT were 14.65, 5.27 and 0.02 mg/g, respectively. The CSYJT extract treatment attenuated the following alteration in porcine renal epithelial (PK15) cell: the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), the glutathione depletion and the increase in p53 expression induced by cisplatin treatment. In the in vivo study, rats were orally treated with CSYJT extract once a day for 28 days. Five days before the last treatment, cisplatin (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to induce acute renal failure. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels after cisplatin treatment were ameliorated by pretreatment of CSYJT extract. In addition, lipid peroxidation was decreased and antioxidant enzyme (glutathione) was recovered in CSYJT pretreated kidney tissue. In histopathological examination, CSYJT pretreated group showed ameliorated pathological alteration after cisplatin injection with decreased apoptosis. Taken together, pretreatment of CSYJT could ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.465-471
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a butanol (BuOH) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) with/without vitamin E (VE) on glycogen, lipid levels and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal, STZ-control, and 3 diabetic experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg) into the tail vein. The BuOH fraction of Ac and VE were administrated orally in rats for 21 days: Ac group (400 mg), Ac-VE group (Ac 400 mg & vitamin E 10 mg) and VE group (10 mg). Liver and muscle glycogen levels decrease in STZ-control group versus normal group and these alteration in glycogen levels were prevented Ac-VE group and VE group. Oral administration of Ac or VE resulted in reduction in liver cholesterol. Liver triglycerides were significantly higher in the VE group than in STZ-control group. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) was increase in STZ-control group compared to normal group, but that of Ac group and Ac-VE group were similar to normal group. Meanwhile MDA in kidney, lung and pancreas were not significantly different among five groups. Ac-VE group increase lung protein that were significantly higher than diabetic control rats. These results suggest that the VE could increase glycogen and triglyceride levels and BuOH fraction of Ac decrease MDA of liver in the diabetic rats. The use of Ac together with VE did not show better control hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1985

Mechanism of calcium transport inhibition of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by oxygen free radicals was examined. Effects of oxygen free radicals generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system on isolated porcine ventricle SR were studied with respect to its calcium binding, lipid peroxidation, SH-group content and alteration of membrane protein components. The results are as follows. 1) Calcium binding of isolated SR was markedly inhibited by X/XO. 2) During the incubation of sarcoplasmic reticulum with xanthine/xanthine oxidase, there were marked inclose in lipid peroxidation and reduction of SH-group content. 3) An antioxidant, p-phenylenediamine effectively prevented the lipid peroxidation but partially prevented the calcium binding inhibition of X/XO treated SR. 4) The reduction of SH-group content of SR treated with X/XO was partially prevented by p-phenylendiamine. 5) When modifying SH-group of SR by treatment with DTNB, the inhibition of calcium binding activity was partially prevented. 6) On gel-permeation chromatography of X/XO-treated sarcoplasmic reticulum, there was an increase of small molecular weight products, probably protein degradation products. 7) Semicarbazide, which prevents the cross-linking reaction of protein components, did not affect the calcium binding inhibition of X/XO-treated SR. From these results, it is suggested that the inhibition of calcium binding of SR by oxygen free radicals results from the consequence of multiple changes of SR components, which are lipid peroxidation, SH-group oxidation and degradation of protein components.