• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 1998

To analyze the effects of surfactants on the biosynthesis of galactolipid and the composition of fatty acids, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were cultivated in medium treated with anionic surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.002%, LAS), a-olefin sulfonate (O.01%, AOS), and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (0.08%, SLES), respectively. During the cultivation, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were isolated from the cells collected at the early and middle phase of the culture and the contents of their fatty acid composition were compared with the control. When treated with surfactants, the contents of total lipid MDGD methylesters, and DGDG methylesters decreased significantly when compared with the control. It was also confirmed that more unsaturated fatty acids were involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipid. The fatty acids utilized in the biosynthesis of MGDG were in the chloroplast envelope and in the control, and linoleic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and oleic acid in AOS, and linolenic acid and oleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control linolenic acid and stearic acid in LAS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in AOS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in SLES. In the thylakoid membrane, the major fatty acids in the biosynthesis of MGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in SLES.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.808-814
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• 1989

Mortierella isabellina IFO 8183을 이용하여 ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid를 생산하기 위한 최적 배양조건을 검토한 결과, 최적 탄소원과 최적 질소원은 각각 glucose와 $NH_4NO_3$이었으며, 지질 생산배지내의 최적 C/N율은 40이었다. 또한, 최적 초기 pH와 배양온도는 각각 6.0과 $30^{\circ}C$이었으며, 균체내에 축적된 지질의 지방산 조성은 pH와 온도에 의해 변화되었다. Sodium acetate를 배양 초기에 0.5%(w/v) 첨가하였을 때 대조구에 비해 ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid 함량과 ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid 생성량이 각각 15.4%와 37.8% 증가되었다. 최적 조건하에서 8일간 진탕배양하였을 때 균체수율, 지질수율, 지질함량, ${\gamma}-linolenic$ 함량 및 ${\gamma}-linolenic$생성량은 각각 0.347g/g, 0.18g/g, 0.52g/g, 60mg/g 및 347mg/l이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.839-850
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• 1993

This study investigated the hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects of linolenic acid derived from Korean perilla oil. The experimental rats(male, Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 5 groups using a Randomized Complete Block Design and fed one of the five following diets : DO*/O#. D4/O, D4/4, D4/8, or D4/20(D*/# represents the ratio of linoleic to linoenic acid as the percentage of total dietary energy intake) for 4 or 8 months. Bleeding time and whole blood clotting time were determined and the composition of serum and platelet lipids analyzed. Comparisons from the DO/O to the D4/20 group showed that serum lipids (total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol) gradually decreased with increasing linolenic acid intake - the hypolipidemic effect. The composition of platelet fatty acids[the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)/arachidonci aci(AA)] increased gradually with increasing linolenic acid intake. Higher linolenic acid intake increased bleeding time and whole blood clotting time, and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) production in the platelets, though no significant differences. These results suggest that linolenic acid derived from perilla oil appears to suppress the conversion of linoleic acid to AA and the EPA transformed from linolenic acid appears to suppress the conversion of AA to TXA2. Since TXA2 is a platelet-aggregating and vasoconstricting agent, the redulction of TXA2 released by platelets with increasing intake of perilla oil containing a lot of linolenic acid confers an antithrombotic effect.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Alpha-linolenic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid that exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-linolenic acid on the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells under essential amino acid-deficient conditions. Different concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids were added to the growth and differentiation media. The concentrations of 10 µM of alpha-linolenic acid and 2% essential amino acid were chosen for subsequent experiments. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids improved the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells and significantly increased the mRNA levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, B-cell lymphoma-2, and beclin-1 as well as the protein levels of PPARγ coactivator-1α compared to those in the controls. Moreover, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone, Bcl-2-associated X, p53, and light chain 3 during C2C12 cell proliferation, and increased the expression levels of myogenic factors 4 (myogenin) and 5 during C2C12 cell differentiation. Overall, we determined that alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids maintained the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.477-491
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• 1990

To observe the effect of dietary n6 linoleic acid, n6 gamma-linolenic acid and n3 alphalinolenic acid aon plasma lipid composition and platelet aggregation, twenty college women were divided into 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks with experimental diets supplying fat at 23% cal which were different only in fatty acid composition. Dietary fat was corn oil(CO) as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and evenign primrose oil(EPO) for n6 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA). Plasma cholesterol level was slightly decreased by PL(13.5g) but significantly increased by equal amount of CO. However, there was similar hypocholeaterolemic effect when double amount of CO(27.0g), was supplemented. Therefore, total fat unsaturation may be more important factor for plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than the structure of fatty acid itself. Plasma cholesterol level was not lowered by supplement of GLA in CO diet. There was similar trend in hypotriglyceridemic effect by PO and CO as in plasma cholesterol. Plasma TG level was rather increased but not significantly by GLA supplement to CO diet. Overall, plasma lipid-lowering effect was greater by ALA than LA and GLA effect was not greater than by LA. GLA supplement did not significantly improve lipid compositions to prevent against CHD. There was no significant change both in fatty acid composition in platelet and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by GLA supplement to corn oil diet and by ALA in PO diet in young women.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary oils on the levels of the ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid in chicken meat lipids. Three hundred ten five, 1-d old, male, Ross strain, broiler chicks were fed for 35 d to compare diets containing evening primrose oil(EPO) and hemp seed oil(HO) to a control diet. Fatty acid composition of lipid from chicken skin, thigh and breast muscle were determined at the end of the trial. The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken meat fed diets containing EPO or HO was significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken skin was highest in the group, which had been fed the EPO 0.85%, followed in order by EPO 0.7%, 0.5%, EPO mixed oil, HO and HO mixed oil. There was a significant difference in the level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of chicken skin between the control and treatment groups(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken thigh muscle was also similar to skin, and significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken breast muscle was highest in the group, which had been fed the EPO 0.5%, followed in order by EPO 0.7%, 0.85%, HO 0.5% and HO mixed oil. There was a significant difference in the level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of chicken breast muscle between the control and treatment groups(p<0.05).

• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2007

대두유로부터 생산된 바이오디젤과 바이오디젤 혼합 연료유를 대상으로 산화 특성과 지방산메틸에스터 함량 등 화학적 분석을 수행하여 자동차용 연료로서의 품질특성을 파악하였다. 대두유로부터 생산된 바이오디젤은 불포화 지방산인 oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 linolenic acid가 85 wt% 이상 함유되어 있었다. 특히 활성 메틸렌기를 함유한 다불포화 지방산인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid가 60 wt% 이상 함유되어 있어 상대적으로 자동산화가 쉽게 일어나는 것으로 판단된다. 산화반응시 주요 반응물질은 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid였으며, 이들의 라디칼 자동산화에 의해서 비점이 약 $500^{\circ}C$ 전 후에 있는 탄소수 36 전 후의 고분자 물질이 형성되는 것을 확인하였다

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.326-329
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• 1992

${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid를 함유한 유지를 생산하기 위해 포도당을 주기적으로 첨가하면서 Mucor sp. KCTC 8405P를 유가배양하였다. 배양 시작 후 2일까지 효모 모양으로 배양한 후 배지의 pH를 높여 균사체 모양으로 유도하여 배양하면, 지방질은 포도당이 고갈되는 배양 7일째까지 축적되었다. 본 배양조건에 의하여 건조 균체량 99.3 g/l, 총지방질 38.0 g/l와 3.5 g/l의 ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid를 얻을 수가 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 1995

120 fungal strains producing Y-linolenic acid (GLA) were isolated from 100 soil samples, and among these, the most suitable one for the production of GLA was identified as Fusarium sp. JK-02. The content of total lipid and dry cell weight was 620mg 1100m1 and 63.5mg 1100m1, respectively. The production of GLA was 10.2% of the total fatty acids.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2019

Omega-3 α-linolenic acid and omega-6 linoleic acid are essential fatty acids for health maintenance of human and animals because they are not synthesized in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid supplementation on in vitro maturation and developmental potential of porcine oocytes. Various concentrations of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid were added into in vitro maturation medium, and we evaluated the degree of cumulus expansion, oocyte nuclear-maturation rate, blastocyst rate, blastocyst quality, and levels of prostaglandin E₂, 17β-estradiol, and progesterone in the spent medium. High doses (100 μM) of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid supplementation significantly inhibited cumulus expansion and oocyte nuclear maturation, and prostaglandin E₂ synthesis also significantly decreased compared with other groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation of 50 μM α-linolenic acid and 10 μM linoleic acid showed higher quality blastocysts in terms of high cell numbers and low apoptosis when compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and synthesis ratio of 17β-estradiol / progesterone also significantly increased compared with control group (3.59 ± 0.22 vs. 2.97 ± 0.22, 3.4 ± 0.28 vs. 2.81 ± 0.19, respectively; p < 0.05). Our results indicated that supplementation with appropriate levels of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid beneficially affects the change of hormone synthesis (in particular, an appropriate increase in the 17β-estradiol / progesterone synthesis ratio) for controlling oocyte maturation, leading to improved embryo quality. However, high doses of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid treatment results in detrimental effects.