• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2010

A computer code was developed to simulate all three stages of the injection molding process: filling, packing and cooling by finite element method. The constitutive equation used here was compressible Leonov model. The PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. Based on the simulation, the Taguchi method was used to investigate the influences of injection molding conditions on the birefringence of a center gate disk. In addition, the optimal processing conditions were selected to minimize the birefringence and the birefringence difference along the positions of the disk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.305-309
• /
• 2005

A computer code was developed to simulate all three stages of the injection molding process ? filling, packing and cooling by finite element method. The constitutive equation used here was compressible Leonov model. The PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. Based on the simulation, the Taguchi method was used to investigate the influences of injection molding conditions on the birefringence of a center gate disk. In addition, the optimal processing conditions were selected to minimize the birefringence and the birefringence difference along the positions of the disk.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2004

A computer code was developed to simulate the filling stage of the injection/compression molding process by a finite element method. The constitutive equation used here was the compressible Leonov model. The PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. Simulations of a disk part under different process conditions including the variation of compression stroke and compression speed were carried out to understand their effects on birefringence variation. The simulated results were also compared with those by conventional injection molding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2003

This study is an attempt to understand the birefringence and stress development in an injection molded disk. A computer code was developed to simulate all three stages of the injection molding process - filling, packing and cooling by finite element method. The constitutive equation used here was compressible Leonov model. The PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. The predicted birefringence was in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2003

This study is an attempt to understand the birefringence and stress development in an injection molded disk. A computer code was developed to simulate all three stages of the injection molding process filling, packing and cooling by finite element method. The constitutive equation used here was compressible Leonov model. The PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. The predicted birefringence was in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.12 no.3_4
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2000

In this article, we considered shear-induced microstructure and rheological behavior of micellar solutions of cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in the presence of a structure-forming additive, sodium salicylate (NaSal). Shear viscosity, shear moduli and flow birefringence were measured as functions of the surfactant and additive concentrations. In the presence of NaSal, the micellar solution exhibited the non-linear rheological behavior due to the formation of supramolecular structures when the molar ratio of NaSal to CPC exceeded a certain threshold value. Flow birefringence probed the change in micelle alignment under shear flow. At low shear rates, the flow birefringence increased as the shear rate increased. On the other hand, fluctuation of flow birefringence appeared from the shear rate near the onset of shear thickening, which was caused by shear-induced coagulation or aggregation. These results were confirmed by the SEM images of in situ gelified micelle structure through sol-gel route.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2016

The birefringence of distributed, uniaxially anisotropic molecules like liquid crystals is calculated as the degree of ordering is varied. The relation between the normalized birefringence ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and the orientational order parameter S is investigated. The distribution function, which enables one to monitor the degree of ordering of liquid crystals including randomly distributed ones, is introduced. Using this distribution function, a series of distributed liquid crystals with order parameters ranging from 0 to 1 are generated, and ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and S of the correspondingly distributed liquid crystals are calculated. Based on the calculated data, it is revealed that ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and S satisfy the quasi-linear relation of $S=(1+a){\Delta}n_{rel}-a{\Delta}n^2_{rel}$, where a can be approximated as $n_o{\frac{{\Delta}n}{4}}$. The anisotropy of molecular polarizability is also calculated, using the birefringence, and separately following Vuks' method and Neugebauer's method, and it is shown that the relations between S and the molecular-polarizability anisotropy are also quasi-linear.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.2342-2354
• /
• 2002

The present study has numerically predicted both the flow -induced and thermally-induced residual stresses and birefringence in injection o. injection/compression molded center -gated disks. Analysis system for entire molding process was developed based on an ap propriate physical modeling including a nonlinear viscoelastic fluid model, stress-optical law, a linear viscoelastic solid model, free volume theory for density relaxation phenomena and a photoviscoelasticity and so on. Part I presents physical modeling a nd typical numerical analysis results of residual stresses and birefringence in the injection molded center-gated disk. Thermal residual stress was found to be extensional near the center, compressive near the surface and tend to become toward tensional at the surface. A double-hump profile was obtained across the thickness in birefringence distribution: nonzero birefringence is found to be thermally induced, the outer peak is due to the shear flow and subsequent stress relaxation during the filling stage a nd the inner peak is due to the additional shear flow and stress relaxation during the packing stage. Predicted birefringence including both the flow -induced and thermally-induced one becomes quite similar to the experimental one.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2007

A computer code was developed to simulate the filling stage of an injection/compression molding process using a finite element method. The constitutive equation was the compressible Leonov model and the PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. Simulations of a disk under different processing conditions, including variations of the compression stroke and compression speed, were performed to determine their effects on the flow-induced birefringence. Simulated pressure traces were also compared to those obtained in conventional injection molding and with experimental data from the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2004

A computer code was developed to simulate the filling stage of the injection/compression molding process by a finite element method. The constitutive equation used here was the compressible Leonov model. The PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. Simulations of a disk part under different processing conditions including the variation of compression stroke and compression speed were carried out to understand their effects on flow-induced birefringence. The simulated results were also compared with those by conventional injection molding and with experimental data from literature.