Browse > Article

Numerical Simulation of Flow-Induced Birefringence: Comparison of Injection and Injection/Compression Molding  

Lee, Ho-Sang (Department of Aeronautical & Mechanical Design Engineering, Chungju National University)
Isayev, A.I. (Institute of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron)
Publication Information
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing / v.8, no.1, 2007 , pp. 66-72 More about this Journal
Abstract
A computer code was developed to simulate the filling stage of an injection/compression molding process using a finite element method. The constitutive equation was the compressible Leonov model and the PVT relationship was assumed to follow the Tait equation. The flow-induced birefringence was related to the calculated flow stresses through the linear stress-optical law. Simulations of a disk under different processing conditions, including variations of the compression stroke and compression speed, were performed to determine their effects on the flow-induced birefringence. Simulated pressure traces were also compared to those obtained in conventional injection molding and with experimental data from the literature.
Keywords
Injection/Compression molding; Viscoelastic simulation; Velocity; Pressure; Birefringence;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 4  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Klepek, G., 'Manufacturing Optical Lens by Injection Compression Molding,' Kunststoffe, Vol. 77, p. 13, 1987
2 Isayev, A. I. and Azari, A. D., 'Viscoelastic Effect in Compression Molding of Elastomers: Shear-Free Squeezing Flow,' Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 59, pp. 868-882, 1986
3 Osswald, T. A. and Tucker, C. L., 'Compression Mold Filling Simulation for Non-Planar Parts,' Intern. Polymer Processing V, pp. 79-87, 1990
4 Janeschitz-Kriegl, H., 'Polymer Melt Rheology and Flow Birefringence,' Springer, Berlin, 1983
5 Chen, S. C., Chen, Y. C. and Peng, H. S., 'Simulation of Injection-Compression-Molding Process, Part 2: Influence of Process Characteristics in Part Shrinkage,' Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 75, pp. 1640-1654, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Yang, S. Y. and Chen, Y. C., 'Experimental Study of Injection-Charged Compression Molding of Thermoplastic,' Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol. 17, pp. 353-360, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kim, I. H., Park, S. J., Chung, S. T. and Kwon, T. H., 'Numerical Modeling of Injection/Compression Molding for Center-Gated Disk: Part II. Effect of Compression Stage,' Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 39, pp. 1943-1951, 1999   DOI
8 Michaeli, W. and Wielpuetz, M., 'Optimization of the Optical Quality of Polymer Glasses in the Injection Compression Molding Process,' Macromol. Mater. Eng., Vol. 284/285, pp. 8-13, 2000   DOI
9 Isayev, A. I. and Hieber, C. A., 'Toward a Viscoelastic Modeling of the Injection Molding of Polymers,' Rheol. Acta., Vol. 19, pp. 168-182, 1980   DOI
10 Fan, B. and Kazmer, D. O., 'Simulation of Injection-Compression Molding for Optical Media,' Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 43, pp. 596-606, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Wang, V. W., Hieber, C. A. and Wang, K. K., 'Dynamic Simulation and Graphics for the Injection Molding of Three-Dimensional Thin Parts,' J. Polym. Eng., Vol. 7, pp. 21-45, 1986
12 Han, S., Huh, Y. J. and Kang, S., 'Optimum Design of Process Conditions to Minimize Residual Stress and Birefringence,' International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 17-25, 2001
13 Tait, P. G., 'Physics and Chemistry of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger,' Scientific Papers LXI, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1988
14 Isayev, A. I., ed., 'Modeling of Polymer Processing: Recent Developments,' Hanser, Munich, 1991
15 Yang, S. Y. and Ke, M. Z., 'Experimental Study on the Effects of Adding Compression to Injection Molding Process,' Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol. 14, pp. 15-24, 1995   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Isayev, A. I., Zhang, Y. and Zook, C., 'Advances in the Flow and Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids,' Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 1011-1067, 1999
17 Isayev, A. I., 'Molding Processes, in Handbook of Industrial Automation,' Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 573-606, 2000
18 Sobhanie, M. and Isayev, A. I., 'Viscoelastic Simulation of Flow of Rubber Compounds,' Rubb. Chem. Tech., Vol. 62, pp. 939-956, 1989   DOI
19 Shyu, G. D. and Isayev, A. I., 'Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection Molded Disks,' SPE ANTEC Tech Papers, Vol. 41, pp. 2911-2916, 1995
20 Chen, S. C., Chen, Y. C. and Cheng, N. T., 'Simulation of Injection-Compression Mold-Filling Process,' Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 25, pp. 907-917, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Shyu, G. D., Isayev, A. I. and Lee, H. S., 'Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection Molded Disks,' Korea-Australia Rheology J., Vol. 15, pp. 159-166, 2003
22 Chen, S. C., Chen, Y. C. and Peng, H. S., 'Simulation of Injection-Compression-Molding Process, Part 3: Effect of Process Conditions on Part Birefringence,' Advance in Polymer Technology, Vol. 21, pp. 177-187, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Yang, Y. and Ke, M. Z., 'Experimental Study of Injection Compression Molding,' Proc. SPE ANTEC'93, pp. 2182-2187, 1993
24 Lee, Y. B., Kwon, T. H. and Yoon, K., 'Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection/Compression Molded Center-Gated Disk: Part 2. Effects of Processing Conditions,' Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 42, pp. 2273-2292, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn