• 한국조경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.3-19
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate desirable width / height ratio of enclosed space and to offer basic information for the design of enclosed spaces. The data of this study were gathered from the experiment through simulation. Photographic sampling of 7 campus sites located in Kwanak campus of Seoul National University and slides of perspective drawings of enclosed spaces with various D/H ratio (12, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12)were used for simulation. A response format was made using the method of paired comparison and students from various departments were randomly selected for evaluation. In the method of analysis of data Thurstone's equation of Comparative Judgement was used for calculating preference score. A1so non-linear regression analysis was used for finding out relations between preference and D/H ratio. The other method of data analysis were correlation, Chi - test. And the results were summarized as follows. 1. In sketch simulation the ratio of D/H 4 got the highest preference store. This result suggests that desirable D/H ratio of enclosed space is D/H 4. And at the lower range of D/H ratio, as ratio increases, the preference score increases. At the higher range of D/H ratio, however, as ratio increases, the preference score starts to decrease from the cardinal point of D/H 4. 2. In campus photograph simulation preference is influenced by slope, elevation change of floor, trees, lawn area, familiarity, space arrangement, and exterior shape of building besides D/H ratio. 3. The preference virtue was not significantly affected by order effect. This result suggests that order effect can be ignored in the study of visual preference. 4. There are so many factors related to preference that it is difficult to explore those factors without scientific information based on scientific method. We must carry out study for scientific approach of planning and design based on precise, complete simulation technique.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제23권E1호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2007

An improved method was developed to determine gas-phase hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) and organic hydro-peroxides (ROOH) in real-time, The analytical system for $H_2O_2$ is based on formation of hydroxybenzoic acid (OHBA), a strong fluorescent compound. OHBA is formed by a sequence of reactions, photoreduction of Fe(III)-EDTA to Fe(II)-EDTA, the Fenton reaction of Fe(II)-EDTA with $H_2O_2$, and hydroxylation of benzoic acid. By use of this analytical method rather than a previous similar method, Fenton reaction time was reduced from 2 min. to 30s. Air samples were collected by a surfaceless inlet to prevent inlet line losses. With a special arrangement of the sampling apparatus, sample delivery time was drastically reduced from ${\sim}5\;min\;to\;{\sim}20\;s$. The automated system was found to be sensitive, capable of continuous monitoring, and affordable to operate. A comparison of this method with a well-established one showed an excellent linear correlation, validating applicability of this technique to $H_2O_2$ determination. The system was applied to field measurements conducted during summertime of 2004 in Gwangju, South Korea. $H_2O_2$ was found to be a predominant species of peroxides. The diurnal variation of $H_2O_2$ displayed the maximum in early afternoon and the broad minimum throughout night. $H_2O_2$ was correlated positively with ozone, photochemical age, and temperature, however, negatively with $NO_x$ and relative humidity.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

Dutch artist, Theo van Doesburg had shown short but strong experimental aesthetics in his works through De Stijl movement. He played a leading role for editing De Stijl magazine and performed various formative works such as painting, sculpture, and architecture. In 1923 he opened the first De Stijl exhibition cooperated with Cornelis van Eesteren. In this architecture exhibition he showed rich formal spirits of counter-construction in his major design works, that is Maison Particuliere and Maison D'artiste among three houses projects. Formal characteristics of counter-construction can be summed up under two categories, time and space. Analytical results are as follows; First, the characteristics of counter-construction related to time category include two types of two mode. One is linear aspect of time based on the viewer's movement. The other aspect is simultaneity caused by synoptical effect. These could be proved by the analysis of arrangement of color planes. Secondly, the spatial aspects of counter-construction are produced through two different ways of formal strategies. Van Doesburg arranged cubes in very irregular pattern. This treatment induces ambiguous void and creates feeling of subject's space. And, through deleting, shifting, and extending he could make dynamic spatial effect by interpenetration between in and out. This fluid space thus introduces movements of one's gaze and circulation. He denied traditional classical values which had ruled the western aesthetical discipline for centuries and believed that mankind can reach the realm of universal equilibrium by contrast and tension created by counter-construction. In this vein Theo van Doesburg was an avant-garde artist of Hegelian thoughts who adopted the dialectical method without following the formal characteristics from ancestors.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2008

XML 메시지 중계기에서의 주요 이슈들 중 하나는 XML 스트림에 대한 다중 연속 XPath질의를 효율적으로 처리하는 방안이다. 본 연구는 이 문제를 효과적으로 해결하기 위한 시스템을 제안한다. 제안되는 시스템에서는 XPath 질의집합을 XP-table이라는 새로운 영역 기반 데이터 구조로 변환한다. XP-table은 대상 질의들의 공통적인 선택조건들을 공유하며, 실행시간 질의 수행 전에 구축된다. XML 스트림은 XP-table과의 효율적 매칭을 위해 스트림 릴레이션(SR)으로 실행시간에 변환된다. 제안된 시스템에서는 XML의 구조적 특성을 반영한 XP-table과 SR 간의 효과적인 매칭 전략이 제시된다. 또한, YFilter나 LazyDFA와 같은 기존 방법론과의 비교를 포함한 일련의 실험들을 통해, 제안 시스템이 질의 처리의 실행시간 부하를 줄임으로써 시간 효율성이 중요한 스트림 환경에서의 안정적 데이타 처리 능력을 보여준다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

This study was conducted as a basic research to create a sound and vital ecological environment in the city compared to the appearance characteristics of Gap stream(G-stream), which are the main stream of Banseok stream(B-stream), by analyzing the characteristics of waterbirds, including Wild Spot-billed Duck (S-Duck), that live in B-stream built as ecological stream. The waterbird survey was conducted by the line census for 3.2km, Jukdong-bridge to Jamiseon-bridge, from January to August 2018. The analysis of the survey was conducted with Relative species density(RD) of the emerging waterbird species, the Species diversity and Density Per Unit area for 100㎡(DPU). The waterbird survey results of B-stream was conducted 65 times. The five types of water birds that appeared during the survey were Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha), Teal(Anas crecca), Little Egret(Egretta garzetta), Great Egret(Egretta alba), and Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea). As a result, for S-Duck at B-stream, RD was 89.9%, monthly species diversity was simple as 0.3801 in January, 0.5943 in February and 0.3501 in August. The DPU of the S-Duck was 0.165/100㎡ in the B-Stream survey section which was 4.9 times higher than the main stream section, G-stream. The non-freezing zone of the city's small stream is expected to play an important role as a winter stop for wild birds such as S-Duck during the freezing period of the huge stream. For this reason, considering the ecological characteristics of wild waterbirds such as S-Duck when creating ecological stream, a: space and linear selection of waterways which can minimize the impact of natural enemy and increasing the number of walkers, b: management water-friendly plants in the low flow channel, c: arrangement walking-bicycle road will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2015

설치된 데크재에 대한 성능을 평가하기 위하여 초음파 비파괴시험법을 사용하였다. 먼저 3종류의 데크재에 대해 트랜스듀서의 배치에 따른 직접법과 간접법간의 측정방법간의 차이를 검증하였으며 두 번째로 설치된 데크재의 사용시간의 경과에 따른 초음파속도를 측정 비교하였다. 마지막으로 데크재의 사용수명을 파악하기 위하여 사용시간의 경과에 따른 초음파속도의 변화를 조사하였다. 시험결과 직접법과 간접법간의 측정방법간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며 직접법에 대한 간접법의 비율은 1.02와 1.05로 각각 나타났다. 설치된 데크재에서 시간의 경과에 따라 초음파 속도는 감소하였으며 이들 간의 관계는 선형으로 나타났다. 시험결과로부터 초음파 비파괴시험법은 설치된 데크재의 유지보수에 관한 효율적인 수단이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.522-525
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 촉각의 자극으로 장애물 위치를 파악하는 시각 장애인용 경로안내 및 보행보조 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 시각장애인의 보행보조를 위한 촉각기반 장애물 감지 모듈과 장애물 높이 인지 모듈, 그리고 장애물 회피를 위한 경로안내 알고리즘으로 구성된다. 촉각기반 장애물 감지 모듈은 서보 모터의 회전력으로 시각장애인의 엄지를 자극하여 좌 우 전방에 위치한 각각의 장애물을 감지한다. 장애물 높이 인지 모듈은 선형 배치된 초음파 센서들로부터 감지된 데이터를 통합하여, 장애물의 높이를 상 중 하 3단계로 구별한다. 제안된 시스템의 경로안내 알고리즘은 스마트 폰에 내장된 GPS 수신기의 신호로 현재 위치 값을 갱신하여 시각장애인에게 최적화된 맞춤형 경로를 안내한다. 또한, 설계된 경로안내 알고리즘은 시각장애인용 경로안내 앱과 블루투스로 연동하여 시각장애인에게 음성으로 정보를 전달한다. 제안된 시스템은 불확실한 경로를 탐색하여 장애물 배치 상황에 맞도록 회피 경로를 생성함으로써 시각장애인의 보행을 도울 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1997

A Study on the 본 연구에서는 플라스틱드레인을 이용하여 진공수평배수에 의해 개량된 준설 점토 지반의 압밀거동을 파악하기 위하여 대형 압밀시험을 실시하였으며, 실험 결과가 포텐결중공원주의 압밀이론을 이용한 수치해석에 의해 비교 검토되었다. 본 연구 실험결과에 의하면 수평배수진공압밀시험은 점토층 내부의 함수비 및 간극수압과 드레인 배수 속도 등이 진공압밀 시간 경과에 따라 감소되어 압밀이 급속하게 진행되고 있음이 확인되었다. 점토층 중공원주의 방사류에 대한 선형포텐샬압밀이론을 이용하여 수치 압밀해석 결과 간극수압은 확산 형태보다 흙의 변형과 투수에 의해 크게 좌우되고 있으므로, 지표면 부근에서의 실측 침하량은 압밀응력증가율 a가 -0.5정도에서 수치해석과 일치하며 또한 드레인 설치 부근에서의 점토층 침하량은 Baryon 압밀이론과 유사한 거동을 나타내고 있다. 최종적으로 수평 배수에 대한 적당한 선택과정을 포함한 설계 및 시공관리가 시험결과에 의하여 설명 되었으며 포텐셜압밀이론은 진공배수시 수평드레인에 의한 압밀거동을 정확하게 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1675-1680
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• 2013

최근 저소음, 고속, 고추력의 반송장치가 요구됨에 따라 영구자석 선형동기전동기가 대두되고 있으나 반송경로 전장에 전기자를 설치하는 선형 동기전동기의 특성으로 인해 장거리 반송장치에 적용시 설치비용의 증가를 가져온다. 따라서 우리는 전기자를 분산시켜 배치하는 방법을 제안하여 비용증가의 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 하지만 가동자의 진행시 분산배치된 전기자 사이를 통과하게 되면 전기자의 불연속 구간인 단부에 의해 디텐트력이 발생하여 추력 맥동이 발생하고 기기 성능저하와 소음, 진동의 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 단부에 의한 영향을 저감하기 위해 전기자 끝단의 치 높이와 보조치 형상에 따른 디텐트력의 특성을 파악하고 다구찌의 실험계획법을 이용하여 단부 효과를 가장 저감할 수 있는 형상을 제안하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2017

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been recently used to reinforce concrete members in flexure due to their high tensile strength and especially in corrosive environments to improve the durability of concrete structures. However, FRPs have a low modulus of elasticity and a linear elastic behavior up to rupture, thus reinforced concrete (RC) components with such materials would exhibit a less ductility in comparison with steel reinforcement at the similar members. There were several studies showed the behavior of concrete beams with the hybrid combination of steel and FRP longitudinal reinforcement by adopting the experimental and numerical programs. The current study presents a numerical and analytical investigation based on the data of previous researches. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of beams by using ANSYS are built and investigated. In addition, this study also discusses on the design methods for hybrid FRP-steel beams in terms of ultimate moment capacity, load-deflection response, crack width, and ductility. The effects of the reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength, arrangement of reinforcement, and the length of FRP bars on the mechanical performance of hybrid beams are considered as a parametric study by means of FE method. The results obtained from this study are compared and verified with the experimental and numerical data of the literature. This study provides insight into the mechanical performances of hybrid FRP-steel RC beams, builds the reliable FE models which can be used to predict the structural behavior of hybrid RC beams, offers a rational design method together with an useful database to evaluate the ductility for concrete beams with the combination of FRP and steel reinforcement, and motivates the further development in the future research by applying parametric study.