• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2282-2303
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• 2021

To solve the problems of heavy computing load and system transmission pressure in energy internet (EI), we establish a three-tier cloud-edge integrated EI network based on a cloud-edge collaborative computing to achieve the tradeoff between energy consumption and the system delay. A joint optimization problem for resource allocation and task offloading in the threetier cloud-edge integrated EI network is formulated to minimize the total system cost under the constraints of the task scheduling binary variables of each sensor node, the maximum uplink transmit power of each sensor node, the limited computation capability of the sensor node and the maximum computation resource of each edge server, which is a Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) problem. To solve the problem, we propose a joint task offloading and resource allocation algorithm (JTOARA), which is decomposed into three subproblems including the uplink transmission power allocation sub-problem, the computation resource allocation sub-problem, and the offloading scheme selection subproblem. Then, the power allocation of each sensor node is achieved by bisection search algorithm, which has a fast convergence. While the computation resource allocation is derived by line optimization method and convex optimization theory. Finally, to achieve the optimal task offloading, we propose a cloud-edge collaborative computation offloading schemes based on game theory and prove the existence of Nash Equilibrium. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can improve output performance as comparing with the conventional algorithms, and its performance is close to the that of the enumerative algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2009

The ability of time reversal techniques to focus ultrasonic beams on the source location is important in many aspects of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. In this paper, we investigate the time reversal beam focusing of ultrasonic array sensors on a defect in layered media. Numerical modeling is performed using the commercially available software which employs a time domain finite difference method. Two different time reversal approaches are considered - the through transmission and the pulse-echo. Linear array sensors composed of N elements of line sources are used for signal reception/excitation, time reversal, and reemission in time reversal processes associated with the scattering source of a side-drilled hole located in the second layer of two layer structure. The simulation results demonstrate the time reversal focusing even with multiple reflections from the interface of layered structure. We examine the focusing resolution that is related to the propagation distance, the size of array sensor and the wavelength.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2013

The focus of this study is to provide a method for determining the dimension of a submerged breakwater satisfying the target transmission performance or predicting the transmission coefficient of a given structure. This method was developed based on data analysis of the physical experiment that was carried out by using the submerged breakwater composed of double-layer permeable blocks. Two different armor blocks of Tetrapod and Triangular Pyramid Block were used in the experiment. The parameter $K_Th_b/h$ was introduced in the analysis of the measurement data. By using the linear regression line deduced from the analysis of the experimental data, it was possible to readily predict the wave transmission coefficient irrespective different water depths at the crest of the submerged breakwater, under the condition of significant decrease in transmitted wave height due to the submerged breakwater. This method can be effectively utilized for estimating the necessary number of blocks used for the submerged breakwater as well as comparing the transmission characteristics of the submerged breakwater according to use of different armor blocks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.408-417
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• 1996

In this paper, we quantiatively analyze the broadband CDMA systems with high chip rate, which virually eliminates the multipath fading effects by distinguishing each reflected paths in the process of despreading. We model the broadband multipath propagation channel with random time-variant impulse response as a linear filter of tapped delay line to evaluate the performance of broadband CDMA systems in multipath fading environment. This statistical model, based on extensive experimental data, was established to characterize the urban radio propagation medium in various environments. We perform computer simulation of the transmission and reception of broadband CDMA systems by applying it to abve channel model. From the simulation results, we confirm that the broadband CDMA systems inherenly reduce the effects of multipath fading phenomena which causes to degrade the performance of mobile communication systems, based on the results of eye-diagram and BER curve.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.120-126
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• 1999

;The consicErations for reminder life of transmission line is gradually higher. It is requisite for investigation of ACSR's life to test tensile load of ACSR as a fundamental data. It is vary important to analysis correlations between results of tensile load testing and elasped years. Estimation of ACSR's life can be obtained by statistics processing using mechanical experirrental results. It is a general method to use regression analysis as a statistics processing technique. In this paper, we did experiment on tensile strength of ACSR by using a new and old ACSR as sample experirrental materials. The limit of life estimation is decided by basic line using twenty percentage reduction of rate tensile strength. This basic line is like to results of Canada Ontario Hydro-research. There are $95[\textrm{mm}^2]$, $97[\textrm{mm}^2]$, $120[\textrm{mm}^2]$, $240[\textrm{mm}^2]$ ACSRs which are experimented on this study. 1be life estimation of these ACSR is presented by table 1 to be obtained through the linear regression and nonlinear regression analysis. SPSS and statistics toolbox of matlab is used for analysis.lysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 2009

The existing numerical methods on the vertical membrane breakwater have employed a linear analysis where the variable membrane tension occurring during membrane motions is assumed to be very negligible compared to the initial tension. In the present study, a quasi-nonlinear analysis is attempted such that the temporary tension of the membrane is substituted by the average tension for a wave period that is sought by an iterative calculation. The results showed that with the increase of the wave period the reflection coefficients appeared larger and the transmission coefficients smaller compared to the results of the linear analysis. The application of the quasi-nonlinear analysis also showed that the performance of the structure is closely dependent on the horizontal deformation of the membrane. In order to suppress the horizontal deformation, it may be required to take the larger initial tension of the membrane or to put additional mooring lines in the middle of the vertical faces of the membrane. But for theses methods to be effective, a largely sized surface float should be installed to secure enough buoyancy to support such downward forces.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.845-854
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• 2003

In this paper, the characteristics of compensation for WDM channel signal distortion due to both chromatic dispersion and Ken effect in 1,000 km 200 Gbps(5${\times}$40 Gbps) WDM systems was investigated. The WDM system has a path-averaged intensity approximation(PAIA) mid-span spectral inversion(MSSI) as a compensation method. This system has a highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber(HNL-DSF) optical phase conjugator(OPC) in the mid-way of transmission line. In order to evaluate the degree of compensation, 1 dB eye opening penalty(EOP), bit error rate(BER) characteristics and power penalty of 10$\^$-9/ BER are used. It is confirmed that HNL-DSF is an useful nonlinear medium in OPC fur wideband WDM system with PAIA MSSI and that the optimal compensation for WDM channel distortion is achieved by the selection of pump light power of OPC, which equalize the conjugated light power into the second half fiber section with the input WDM signal light power depending on total transmission length, dispersion coefficient of fiber, OPC pump light wavelength, conversion efficiency of WDM channel in OPC.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1378-1380
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• 2001

Ohmic contacts have been fabricated on p-type 4H-SiC using Pt/Ti. Low resistivitf Ohmic contacts of Pt/Ti to p-type 4H-SiC were investigated. Specific contact resistances were measured using the transmission line model method, and the physical properties of the contacts were examined using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. Ohmic behavior with linear current-voltage characteristics was observed following anneals at $900^{\circ}C$ for 90sec at a pressure of $3.4{\times}10^{-5}$ Torr. The Pt/Si/Ti films was measured lower value of the specific contact resistance by the annealing process, and the contact resistances were improved more than one order compared to Ti contact the annealed sample. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the Pt layer effectively reduce the oxidation of Ti films. And results are obtained as $4.6{\times}10^{-4}$ ohm/$cm^2$ for a Pt/Ti metal structure after a vacuum annealing at $900^{\circ}C$ for 90sec. Titanium has a relatively high melting point, thus Ti-based metal contacts were attempted in this study.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.307-315
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• 2009

The purpose of map generalization is a method of map making to transmit the concise cartographic representation and geographic meaning. New generalization algorithm has been developed to be applied in the digital environments by the development of computer cartography. This study aims to look into possibilities of the multiscale mapping by generalization in application with the coordinate transformation and LoD(level of detail) in the web cartography. A method of the coordinate transformation is to improve a transmission of spatial data. Lod is a method which is making web map with selection spatial data by zoom level of users. Layers for test constructed contour line, stream network, the name of a place, a summit of mountain, and administrative office. The generalization was applied to zoom levels by scale for the linear and polygonal features using XML-Based scalable vector graphics(SVG). Resultantly, storage capacity of data was minimized 41% from 9.76mb to 4.08mb in SVG. Generalization of LoD was applied to map elements by stages of the zoom level. In the first stages of zoom level, the main name of places and administrative office, higher order of stream channels, main summit of mountain was represented, and become increase numbers of map elements in the higher levels. Results of this study can help to improve esthetic map and data minimization in web cartography, and also need to make an efforts to research an algorithm on the map generalization over the web.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill ${\phi}70mm$ on the calcalious sand stone (soft -modelate -semi hard Rock). The total numbers of test blast were 88. Scale distance were induced 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration $V=K(\frac{D}{W^b})^n$ were V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W : Maximum charge per delay-period of eight milliseconds or more (kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents where the quantity $\frac{D}{W^b}$ is known as the scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagorized in three groups. Cubic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge Per delay Plots of peak particle velocity versus distoance were made on log-log coordinates. The data are grouped by test and P.P.V. The linear grouping of the data permits their representation by an equation of the form ; $V=K(\frac{D}{W^{\frac{1}{3}})^{-n}$ The value of K(41 or 124) and n(1.41 or 1.66) were determined for each set of data by the method of least squores. Statistical tests showed that a common slope, n, could be used for all data of a given components. Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom over loom distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m ------- under l00m ${\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}41(D/sqrt[2]{W})^{-1.41}{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}A$ Over 100m ${\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}121(D/sqrt[3]{W})^{-1.66}{\;}{\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots}{\;}B$ where ; V is peak particle velocity In cm / sec D is distance in m and W, maximLlm charge weight per day in kg K value on the above equation has to be more specified for further understaring about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.