• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-190
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• 2004

The morphological and molecular characteristics of Pachydictyon coriaceum (Holmes) Okamura (1899) are described. Plants are collected from Korea all year round and have maximum height from August to September. The monthly variability of thallus growth is in the way with that of the seawater temperature. Two types of thallus structures, thick cortical layer tallus type and thin cortical cell layer type, are distinguished according to growing seasons. The habit of Korean plants is also classified into two thallus types, slender type and wide type, based on the length and the width of internodes, but this distinction between two types is not supported by either anatomical or molecular characteristics. P. coriaceum shares typical morphology in branching pattern and morphogenetic processes with the other species of Dictyota: 1) multi-cellular cortical and medullar layer in the partial of thallus, 2) same development of thallus from apical meristem cell, and 3) sub-lineage within Dictyota species lineage in rbcL, psaA and psbA gene sequences analyses. These characteristics lead to propose the new combination of Dictyota coriacea (Homes) I.K. Hwang, H.S. Kim et W.J. Lee, comb. nov.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.567-570
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• 1992

Variance components were estimated for calf daily gain from birth to 45 days of age in small (S), medium (M) and large (L) lines of beef cattle. Analyses involved records collected on 682 (S), 510 (M) and 228 (L) calves in Iowa, USA from 1978 to 1986. Cytoplasmic lines were determined based on the foundation female in the maternal lineage of each animal. Data were analyzed separately by size line using a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedure under an animal model including additive direct (a), additive maternal (m), cytoplasmic lineage effects and covariance (a, m). The heritabilities for direct and maternal, and the cytoplasmic effects, were 0.13, 0.35 and 0.00 for S, 0.14, 0.32 and 0.00 for M, and 0.05, 0.33 and 0.03 for L. Genetic correlations (a, m) for S, M and L were -0.33, -0.57 and -1.00, respectively. The maternal genetic effect was the most important for calf growth between birth and 45 dyas of age and cytoplasmic variances were not important in any line.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2009

This study concerns with John B. Fourier' s life, his teachers, his younger scholars and the $L^1$-convergence of Fourier series. First, we introduce the correlation between the French Revolution and Fourier who is significant in the history of mathematics. Second, we investigate Fourier' s teachers, students and a minor lineage of his younger scholars from 19th century to 20th century. Finally, we compare the theorem of Telyakovskii with the theorem of kolmogorov on $L^1$-convergence of Fourier series.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2008

Although the Korean isolate KI-1 of Toxoplasma gondii has been considered to be a virulent type I lineage because of its virulent clinical manifestations, its genotype is unclear. In the present study, genotyping of the KI-1 was performed by multilocus PCR-RFLP and microsatellite sequencing. For 9 genetic markers (c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, BTUB, and Apico), the KI-1 and RH strains exhibited typical PCR-RFLP patterns identical to the type I strains. DNA sequencing of tandem repeats in 5 microsatellite markers (B17, B18, TUB2, W35, and TgM-A) of the KI-1 also revealed patterns characteristic of the type I. These results provide strong genetic evidence that KI-1 is a type I lineage of T. gondii.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2014

This empirical study is to investigate the influence of MMORPG player's social as well as individual characteristics on the emergent party play. First, we have tested our research model by surveying 231 active players of Lineage 2. The results demonstrate that both the personal values, such as self-efficacy and job satisfaction, and also the organizational values, such as task interdependence and trust, have significant influences on the organizational citizenship behaviors among the party players. This study suggests both theoretical and practical implications on how to encourage gamers' altruistic concern and organizational adaptation in MMORPG.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 1995

The uterine cervix is an uncommon site of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although the cytologic findings of NHLs are well known, most cervicovaginal smear of uterine NHLs give lower diagnostic yield than common epithelial malignancy because abnormal cells do not appear in the sample in the absence of surface ulceration. Herein, we describe cytologic findings of a case of uterine cervical NHL which was initially diagnosed by cervicovaginal smear. The tumor cells were relatively uniform, isolated, large-sized with scanty cytoplasm and round or indented nuclei. The nuclei had stippled chromatin and small nucleoli. Histologically and immunohistochemically the tumor was proven to be large cell lymphoma of T-cell lineage.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into various types of cells, requiring a tight regulation of transcription. Biomarkers related to each lineage of cells are used to guide the differentiation into neural or any other fates. In previous experiments, we reported the guided differentiation (GD)-specific genes by comparing profiles of random differentiation (RD). Interestingly 68% of differentially expressed genes in GD overlap with that of RD, which makes it difficult for us to separate the lineages by examining several markers. In this paper, we design a prediction model to identify the differentiation into neural fates from any other lineage. From the profiles of 11,376 genes, 203 differentially expressed genes between neural and random differentiation were selected by random variance T-test with 95% confidence and 5% false discovery rate. Based on support vector machine algorithm, we could select 79 marker genes from the 203 informative genes to construct the optimal prediction model. Here we propose a prediction model for the prediction of neural fates from random differentiation which is constructed with a perfect accuracy.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of cell types. They represent an attractive source of cells for gene and cell therapy. The purpose of this study is to direct the specific expression of the DsRed reporter gene in $Sca-1^+$ BMMSCs differentiated into a cardiomyogenic lineage. We constructed the prMLC-2v-DsRed vector expressing DsRed under the control of the 309 tp fragment of the rat MLC-2v 5'-flanking region. The specific expression of the DsRed reporter gene under the transcriptional control of the 309 bp fragment of the rat MLC-2v promoter was tested in 5-azacytidine healed-$Sca-1^+$ BMMSCs over 2 weeks after the prMLC-2v-DsRed transfection. The prMLC-2v-DsRed was specifically expressed in the $Sca-1^+$ BMMSCs with cardiomyogenic lineage differentiation and it demonstrates that the 309 bp sequences of the rat MLC-2v 5'-flanking region is sufficient to confer cardiac specific expression on a DsRed reporter gene. The cardiac-specific promoter-driven reporter vector provides an important tool for the study of stem cell differentiation and cell replacement therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.8.1-8.18
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• 2017

Background: Metallothionein (MT) is a multifunctional protein playing important roles in homeostatic regulation and detoxification of metals. Mollusk species have been considered as useful sentinel platforms for MT-based biomarker approaches, and they have been reported to display an extraordinary structural diversity of MT proteins. However, potential diversity of molluskan MTs has not been fully explored and recent updates have suggested the need of revision of evolutionary hypothesis for molluskan MTs. Results: Based on bioinformatic analysis and phylogenetic evidences, novel divergence mechanisms and paths were hypothesized in both gastropod and bivalve MT groups. Our analyses are suggestive of the taxon- or lineage-specific domain multiplication/duplication from the ancestral or prototypic MT. Diversification and selection of molluskan MTs might be driven by the needs for acquiring metal selectiveness, specialized novel function, and improved capacity of metal detoxification under environmentally stressed conditions. Conclusion: The structural diversity and variations of molluskan MTs are significantly larger than previously understood. Undoubtedly, molluskan MTs have undergone dynamic divergent processes in their evolutionary histories, giving rise to the great diversity of domain structures in extant MT isoforms. Novel evolutionary paths for molluskan MTs newly proposed in this review could shed additional light onto the revision of the hypothesis for evolutionary differentiation of MTs in the molluskan lineage.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.144-154
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to consider the characteristics of character's body-image throughout the on-line games and with this study we researched the symbolic meaning reflected by the character's body-images throughout the fashion. The characteristics of the body-images presented in modern fashion is expressed in 4 features on Lineage II game. First, it adopts the ways in which modern fashion expresses the erotic image and represents various sexual stimulation, which can not be represented in the real world, in cyberspace. Second, it expresses the beauty and taste in sensitivity by exchanging the items, which are the features of body-image, each other as the neutral body-image and pursuits for the double side feature between males and females by dismantling the point of view to sex. Third, it shows the new value system different from the existing one by using extraordinary items and materials that you've never seen in real fashion as the abnormal body-image expressed in informal and inaccurate principal of deformation. Fourth, it show the body with the items which induces more interest and curiosity than the real world do as the humorous body-image accompanying with childish amusement and pleasure.