• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.127-143
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• 2001

This thesis looks into the characteristics and compares the clothing styles between the Three Kingdom to the Unified Shilla era. The purpose of this study is to see what common themes exists between the foundation of Korean clothing and how it has evolved and through see to what extent the Chinese influence has been to Korean clothing culture. Also by explaining the originality and creativity of Korean clothing, we will be able to make clear the status of Korean culture. These findings include the following; 1. The Korean strait line Gik-ryong Kyo-im can also be found at the Gochang region in the west. 2. The Ban-ryong-ui, worn by the aristocrats of the Three kingdom and Unified Shilla era, began to appear from the nobles from the Nam-Buk cho(South-north era). This combined with a Bokdu(headwear) became a part of casual dress wear. 3. Go(pants) became a traditional part of clothing for Unified Shilla and the west. 4. Ban-bi and Bae-dang, all forms of Bansu-ui ( short sleeve), came from Chinas Kucha and Hotan and came to Korea. 5. Chinas Pae-baek and Pae-za (Shawl) which is the same as Unified Shillas Peo was also to be found to have come from the west. 6. The way a different color line was added to clothing both can be found in Korean and western clothing. Similarities to material used are; First, expensive wool was used and mostly originated from the west. From far away Rome came the O-saek-gae (Five-color wool). Secondly, Kong-gak me (peacock feather) and Bi-chi mo were all originated from the west. Third, Sil-sil is stated in the Sam-kuk Sa-ki (Three Kingdom records) as being prohibited to be worn by Jin-gol women (Highest nobility during Shilla era) as headwear or comb (pin) or as a comb(pin) for yuk-doo poom ( 6th class nobility) women. Suggesting that it existed and other sources tell us that it came from Tashkent region of Russia and was a jewelry of some sort. From what we have seen above, we can see the similarities between Korean and western clothing cultures and that these interactions not only occurred with China but with many other nations. We can see that our ancestors were creative and original that when importing foreign cultures that they transformed them into a Korean style. That these foreign cultures were transformed into our own style is good evidence to these facts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of on-off-line integrated operations of listed retailers, propose ways to identify and improve the problems of inefficient enterprises, and accelerate the integration of on-off-line. The 28 listed retail companies selected total capital, management expenses, number of employees and wage rates as input factors as of 2018 and total operating income and operating profit were selected as output indicators to analyze efficiency using DEA. The results show that the integrated enterprise has a higher overall level of operational efficiency, but it is still in a state of stagnation. The pure technical efficiency of the integrated enterprise is generally higher, and the scale efficiency is the main reason that the overall efficiency of the enterprise is not improved. This study can help retail companies adjust their development strategies of online and offline integration according to their own degree of online and offline integration. This study has limitations in explaining the change in efficiency of retailers by conducting a cross-sectional analysis using data limited to 2018. It is necessary to utilize data over the next several years to conduct a longitudinal analysis.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

By using social network analysis, this study examined 102 countries, 281 ports, and 6,318 maritime routes associated with the global network of the Maersk Line. With the 'Belt and Road' in place, China is developing ports, expanding the cooperation with major ports, and increasing its influence on maritime transport. China's ports' reform and development implies establishing stable and independent logistic networks for supply of raw materials as well as exports and imports. This is closely related not only to individual ports' competitiveness, but also to relational structures between maritime powerhouses such as the US-which has the largest share and influence in the global market-and the surrounding countries. In this regard, an analysis of the maritime transport needs to consider the characteristics of individual ports together with those of each country. This study identified the characteristics of each port in light of the relationships in the global network of Maersk and applied them to each country. Moreover, the individual networks of China, the US, and Korea are compared. The findings showed that China, the US, Panama, Malaysia, and Spain accounted for large shares of the global network, while the shares of China, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam were high in China's network. In addition, by comparing individual networks of China, the US, and Korea, it emerged that Korean ports such as Busan and Gwangyang had secured a high level of competitiveness in the Chinese network.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 2020

In Korea, despite much interest in real estate, it is not easy to predict prices. Because apartments are both residential spaces and investment materials. Key figures affecting the price of apartments vary widely, and there are also regional characteristics. This study was conducted to derive the factors and characteristics that affect the sale price of apartments in S City, Gyeonggi-do. In general, people diagnose that better subway accessibility leads to higher apartment sales price. Nevertheless, in the case of S City, the price was slightly lower as it was closer to Line 1, but the higher the subway accessibility at Shinbundang Line, the higher the price. The five-year average of government bonds and the price were inversely related, and it was found to be proportional to the M2 balance and the price. The floor area ratio and the total number of parking lots had a great influence on the price, and the presence of department stores and discount marts within 1.5 km were the most important factors in the area of cultural aspect.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.109-134
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• 2012

This study, focusing on process of online Word-of-Mouth(oWOM) adoption in applications market which is a major issue of recent mobile industry, tried to empirically analyze how main characteristics of oWOM affect trust and process of oWOM adoption. To do this, based on understanding about applications market and precedent studies on online communication and Elaboration Likelihood Model(ELM), I developed the research model and proposed seven hypotheses. The subjects were smart phone users who ever used review in mobile applications market. The study method was questionnaire survey. As a result, trust in review was suggested as prerequisite for consumers to accept on-line review in mobile applications market. And it was empirically proved that for the customers to feel trust, these are necessary - positive assessment on argument quality, vividness of delivered explanation, and neutrality of message. The theoretical implications of this study are that based on studies on oWOM, factors affecting trust in review were explored in the environment of mobile applications market with less judgement clues for decision making compared to other on-line media and then, these factors were conceptualized. From the practical view, this study suggested implication on what attributes companies or developers can strategically utilize while investigating prerequisites of oWOM adoption.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.405-419
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• 2002

Fracture roughness of rock specimens is observed by a new confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; Olympus OLS1100). The wave length of laser is 488 nm, and the laser scanning is managed by a light polarization method using two galvano-meter scanner mirrors. The function of laser reflection auto-focusing enables us to measure line data fast and precisely. The system improves resolution in the light axis (namely z) direction because of the confocal optics. Using the CLSM, it is Possible to measure a specimen of the size up to $10{\;}{\times}{\;}10{\;}cm$ which is fixed on a specially designed stage. A sampling is managed in a spacing $2.5{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ along x and y directions. The highest measurement resolution of z direction is $10{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, which is more accurate than other methods. Core specimens of coarse and fine grained granite are provided. Fractures are artificially maneuvered by a Brazilian test method. Measurements are performed along three scan lines on each fracture surface. The measured data are represented as 2-D and 3-D digital images showing detailed features of roughness. Line profiles of the coarse granites represent more frequent change of undulation than those of the fine granite. Spectral analyses by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) are performed to characterize the roughness data quantitatively and to identify influential frequency of roughness. The FFT results suggest that a specimen loaded by large and low frequency energy tends to have high values of undulation change and large wave length of fracture roughness.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.166-185
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• 2013

After analyzing the location, arrangement, inner structure, and form of the hunting pit in the Bronze Age, this paper sets up three types and talks about types of hunting pits. After analyzing the types of the hunting pit, three types of hunting pits are derived: mountain district - large group's arrangement - long oval - I II type(A), mountain district - arrangement in a line - oval - I type(B), flat area - arrangement in a line - oval - I III type(C). Literature, the ways in hunting pits, the purpose of the installations, and the characters are studied and compared with those of the anthropological cases. Even though hunting pits of types A and B are constructed to hide and get protein and bone of animals for breeding, there are differences in the ways in hunting and characters. Type of A seems to be constructed only for occupation that is the standardized hunting method on a small works. However, type B is the chasing method to hunt as a group and it has various purposes including main occupation. For example, it is for improving the war skills by practicing the hunting strategies and cooperating with the people. In addition, it is for getting a sacrifice for god. The type C hunting pit is estimated that it plays a role to protect themselves from invasion. It's inferred that there are many purposes for military defense and protection of people or animals within the village. It is the reason why the construction is spread in hunting pit including various purposes in the Bronze age that originates in social and economical specialization like the increase in agricultural productivity and appearance of a chief.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2021

This paper aimed to grasp what the percentage in the types of news stories on the online broadcast is, which was conducted by analyzing the news stories of 9 broadcasting websites on the Naver newsstand. For the analysis, a total of 270 days' samples were selected, including 30 days per broadcast on 9 broadcasting websites. For a method of analysis, One-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference among broadcasting websites. The analysis was made centering with priorities given to the type of news stories by the composition of language, the type of genre as a standard of stories, and so on. As a result of analysis, all the programs in the off-line broadcast have been produced and transmitted as a video-typed story, but a half of those in on-line broadcast have been made up of the stories composed of photo and text. The online newspaper has been producing a new type of news' story using video-typed story or computer graphic while the online broadcast has actively been utilizing stories composed of photos and text, which are types of newspaper's stories. From above-mentioned results, it can be understood that the boundary among media is getting more and more indistinct on the environment of online media, showing the phenomenon that the type of broadcast's stories is becoming old-fashioned.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2022

The study measured a subway construction worker's Macpa stress by Heart Rate Variability measuring instrument and conducted a survey of Korean job stress from subway construction workers. Also, the study analyzed the relationship between Macpa stress index and Korean job stress result and suggested managing stress method for each item. According to National Statistical Office data, the first line subway in Seoul was started to open in 1974. The extended total length is 996 kilometers until 2019. Many aged workers are currently working at subway construction sites due to the avoidance of young workers since the past until now. It means that the elderly has a substantial portion among subway construction workers. The productivity has been adversely affected by health problems due to the aging of workers, job stress due to heavy work, and personal health problems. So, the regulation and policies on job stress health management are being strengthened. The data were measured Macpa stress by machine measuring heart rate variability and conducted Korean job stress survey(shortened) from Sa-sang to Ha-dan line Busan subway construction workers for analyzing the relationship. Independent variable were age, job duration, job position, employment type, working type in this study. Macpa's dependent variable was stress index and Korean job stress survey(shortened)'s dependent variables were job requirements, job autonomy, relationship conflict, job instability, organizational structure, inappropriate compensation, working place culture, and total score. SPSS 12.0 K Statistics Program was used for statistical analysis. Kruskal-wallis test, a nonparametric statistical analysis, was used because the data are difficult to be assumed as normal distribution. As a result, the paper indicated the significant correlation between Macpa stress index and Korean job stress(short version). The elderly workers presented higher Macpa index and higher job stress due to aging and heavy-duty work. The majority workers were daily workers who had unstable working condition and uncertainty about the future. The study suggested a manual that could reduce job stress for subway construction workers and future study deriving management tool through analyzing job stress factor is necessary.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.144-157
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• 2022

This study began by pointing out the problem of domestic media reporting on 'fake news' regulations that frequently appear through the French 'Les proposals de loi control de l'information'case, while still approaching with different standards and perspectives on where to see fake news. In the age of 'social network services', the answer to what the media is, what the news is, and who the reporter is increasingly difficult. While reviewing the long history and background of the spread of fake news examined in this study, it was confirmed that could not determine the concept and scope of fake news, punished, regulated, controlled, or judged simply by one standard. From the perspective of 'freedom of expression' set by the law, we have the authority to express our opinions freely. In addition, 'online' space is a place where fake news is generated and spread, but at the same time, there is plenty of room to act as an antidote. In the end, the only alternative to the damage of long-term fake news will be to create a media environment that allows more high-quality "real news" to pour out, allowing us to develop our ability to judge reliable information through balanced competition among various news in the free market of ideas.