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Interleukin-8 gene expression in the human colon epithelial cell line, HT-29, exposed to Entamoeba histolytica (이질아메바에 의한 인체 대장상피세포주 HT-29에서의 interleukin-8 유전자의 발현)

  • 김정목;정현채
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.357-364
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    • 1995
  • The protozoan parasite, Entcmoeba histoIWticc, is one of major causative agents of intestinal disease all over the world. In acute experimental infection, the early host response to 5. histoIHtica is characterized by an infiltration of neutrophils. However, the chemotactic signal for this response is not well known. Based on the (jading that human epithelial cells produce the potent neutrophil chemoattractant and activator, interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-8 gene expression was examined thoroughly in human colon epithelial cells exposed to 5. histolvtica trophozoites. Cellular RNAs were extracted from HT-29 or Caco-2 human colon epithelial cells exposed to 5. histoLvtica trophozoites for 30 minutes, 1 and 3 hours. IL-8 mRNA transcripts were measured by reverse transcriptional polprnerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using synthetic standard RNA. The number of IL-8 mRNA molecules increased from 30 minutes to 3 hours of exposure period, reaching 3.1 H 107 molecules/ug of total RNA. Expression pattern of IL-8 mRNA transcripts was parallel to the amounts of IL-8 protein measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Lysates of 5. histoIVtica also induced expression of mRNA for IL-8 in colon epithelial cells. These results sugf:esc that acute inflammatory reaction by 5. histoIVticc may be initially triggered by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 secreted from epithelial cells of the colon.

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MORPHEUS: A More Scalable Comparison-Shopping Agent (MORPHEUS: 확장성이 있는 비교 쇼핑 에이전트)

  • Yang, Jae-Yeong;Kim, Tae-Hyeong;Choe, Jung-Min
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.179-191
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    • 2001
  • Comparison shopping is a merchant brokering process that finds the best price for the desired product from several Web-based online stores. To get a scalable comparison shopper, we need an agent that automatically constructs a simple information extraction procedure, called a wrapper, for each semi-structured store. Automatic construction of wrappers for HTML-based Web stores is difficult because HTML only defines how information is to be displayed, not what it means, and different stores employ different ways of manipulating customer queries and different presentation formats for displaying product descriptions. Wrapper induction has been suggested as a promising strategy for overcoming this heterogeneity. However, previous scalable comparison-shoppers such as ShopBot rely on a strong bias in the product descriptions, and as a result, many stores that do not confirm to this bias were unable to be recognized. This paper proposes a more scalable comparison-shopping agent named MORPHEUS. MORPHEUS presents a simple but robust inductive learning algorithm that antomatically constructs wrappers. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to recognize the position and the structure of a product description unit by finding the most frequent pattern from the sequence of logical line information in output HTML pages. MORPHEUS successfully constructs correct wtappers for most stores by weakening a bias assumed in previous systems. It also tolerates some noises that might be present in production descriptions such as missing attributes. MORPHEUS generates the wrappers rapidly by excluding the pre-processing phase of removing redundant fragments in a page such as a header, a tailer, and advertisements. Eventually, MORPHEUS provides a framework from which a customized comparison-shopping agent can be organized for a user by facilitating the dynamic addition of new stores.

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Study on the expression and detection of the p53 mutation in Korean colon cancer cell lines (한국인의 대장암 세포주에서 p53 돌연변이의 발견과 발현에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Ji-Yeon;Oh, Sang-Jin
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.151-161
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    • 2001
  • Background: Inactivation in p53 tumor suppressor gene through a point mutation and deletion is one of the most frequent genetic changes found in human cancer, with 50% of an incidence. This high rate of mutation mostly suggests that the gene plays a central role in the development of cancer and the mutations detected so far were found in exons 5 to 8. Mutation of p53 locus produced accumulation of abnormal p53 protein, and negative regulation of cell proliferation and transcriptional activation as a suppressor of transformation were lost. In addition, inhibition of its normal cellular function of wild-type by mutant is an important step in tumorigenesis. Method: 4 colon cancer cell lines (SNU C1, C2A, C4, C5) were examined for mutation in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene by PCR-SSCP analysis and expression pattern by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. p53-mediated transactivation ability were examined by CAT assay and base substitution of p53 in SNU C2A cell were detected by DNA sequencing. Results: 1) SNU C2A cell and SNU C5 cell were detected mobility shifts each in exon 5 and exon 7 of p53 gene by the PCR-SSCP method, implicating being of p53 mutation. 2) 3 colon cancer cell lines (SNU C1, SNU C2A, SNU C5) expressed wild type and mutant type p53 protein. 3) In northern blot experiment, SNU C2A and SNU C5 cell expressed high level of p53 mRNA. 4) Results of p53-mediated transactivation in colon cancer cell lines by CAT assay represented only SNU C2A cell has transcriptional activity. 5) DNA sequencing in SNU C2A cell showed missense mutation in codon 179 of one allele, histidine to arginine and wild type p53 in the other allele. Conclusion: Colon cancer cell lines showed correlation with mutation in p53 gene and accumulation of abnormal p53 protein. Colon cancer cell SNU C2A retained p53-mediated transactivation as heterozygous p53 with one mutant allele in 179 codon and the other wild-type allele.

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Butterfly Community Monitoring on Wolchulsan National Park in Korea (월출산국립공원 나비군집 모니터링)

  • Kim, Do-Sung;Park, Doo-Sang;Oh, Hae-Seon;Kim, Dong-Hyuk;Jeong, Jong-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.196-203
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    • 2013
  • Butterfly communities were monitored to investigate the emergence pattern with line transect method at Wolchulsan National Park through May to October in 2012. Totally 1,151 individuals belong to 49 species were monitored through the study period. Libythea celtis was a dominant species with showing 357 individuals(31%) followed by Pseudozizeeria maha 96 individuals(8.3%), Mycalesis gotama 75 individuals(6.5%) and Ninois dryas 72 individuals(6.2%) respectively. Among the monitoring periods, highest individuals and species(516 individuals belong to 30 species) were found at June and showed a high abundance near reservoir region. Highest diversity was shown at August with a Shannon index of 2.75 while lowest at October(Shanon index 1.78) and total diversity index was 1.71. Dominance values(Simpson index) showed highest at June with a value of 0.40 while lowest at September with a value of 0.07 and averaged 0.12. Kungol and Seongjeon compose a high similarity habitats with a similarity value of 0.52 and it was 0.17 at Kungol and Youngsan, lowest cases. Reservoir banks played a important role for habitats of specific species. It can be considered that they provide an open space of glass land for butterfly population, which was deficient at mountain area.

Recognition of Partially Occluded Binary Objects using Elastic Deformation Energy Measure (탄성변형에너지 측도를 이용한 부분적으로 가려진 이진 객체의 인식)

  • Moon, Young-In;Koo, Ja-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2014
  • Process of recognizing objects in binary images consists of image segmentation and pattern matching. If binary objects in the image are assumed to be separated, global features such as area, length of perimeter, or the ratio of the two can be used to recognize the objects in the image. However, if such an assumption is not valid, the global features can not be used but local features such as points or line segments should be used to recognize the objects. In this paper points with large curvature along the perimeter are chosen to be the feature points, and pairs of points selected from them are used as local features. Similarity of two local features are defined using elastic deformation energy for making the lengths and angles between gradient vectors at the end points same. Neighbour support value is defined and used for robust recognition of partially occluded binary objects. An experiment on Kimia-25 data showed that the proposed algorithm runs 4.5 times faster than the maximum clique algorithm with same recognition rate.

Characteristics of Wind Speed and PM10 Concentration underneath Railway Trains (도시철도 차량 하부의 풍속 및 미세먼지 농도 특징)

  • Kim, Jong Bum;Woo, Sang Hee;Jang, Hong-Ryang;Chou, Jin-Won;Hwang, Moon Se;Park, Hyung-Koo;Yoon, Hwa Hyeon;Jung, Joon-Sig;Bae, Gwi-Nam
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2017
  • Since operation of railway trains is a major source of particle pollution in tunnel air, a particle removal device can be an effective measure to remove wear particles. To obtain design conditions of the particle removal device that will be installed underneath the railway trains, the wind speed and particle concentration underneath the trains were investigated using a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and a DustTrak aerosol monitor, respectively. The measurements were made for the trains running on Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 5 on February 10, 2015. The data were analyzed according to the track geometry (straight, curved) and train speed pattern (acceleration, cruising, and deceleration) between stations. Train speed was also analyzed. The average wind speed and $PM_{10}$ concentration underneath the trains were ~30% of the train speed and ${\sim}200{\mu}g/m^3$ for both straight and curved sections. Average $PM_{10}$ concentration for deceleration sections was higher than that for acceleration sections.

Design of a Internal Loop Antenna for Multi-band Mobile Handset Applications (다중 대역 이동 통신 단말기용 내장형 루프 안테나 설계)

  • Lee Young-Joong;Lee Jin-Sung;Jung Byungwoon;Park Myun-Joo;Lee Byungje
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.16 no.9 s.100
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    • pp.917-925
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, the quad-band antenna for mobile handsets is proposed and developed. The operating frequency bands include GSM(880 MHz${\~}$960 MHz), GPS(1,575 MHz$\pm$10 MHz), DCS(1,710 MHz${\~}$l,880MHz), and PCS(1,850 MHz${\~}$l,990 MHz). The proposed antenna consists of a feed line, a shorting post, and a radiating element of the feed loop. The multi-band operation is achieved by using the fundamental and higher resonant modes of the radiating element. Based on analysis of the current distribution on the radiator, the resonant frequency of each mode can be adjusted by adding the different sizes of slots on the radiator. The radiator of the feed loop is designed to be symmetrical so that the energy is symmetrically distributed on the radiator, which results in omni-directional radiation pattern. The ground plane under the radiator is removed in order to improve the bandwidth. The measured impedance bandwidths are $10.1\%$ in GSM band(VSWR<2.5), $26.8\%$ in GPS band, and DCS/US-PCS bands(VSWR<2.5), respectively. The maximum gains on the H-plane of the fabricated antenna are measured about -0.37 dBi${\~}$2.55 dBi for all operating frequency bands.

Mapping Method for a Detailed Stock Map Plan(Age-Class) for a Small-Scale Site for Development Work (소규모 개발 사업지의 정밀 임상도(영급) 작성 방안 연구)

  • Lee, Soo-Dong;Kim, Jeong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.396-408
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    • 2008
  • Gwangtan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do was classified as a 4 grade age-class deciduous tree forest, however as a result of vegetation survey, this site was found to consist of natural forest with deciduous trees, thus causing difficulty in judging which age class it belongs to. Subsequently, the necessity of drawing up a detailed stock map plan was raised. For this reason, this research was designed to propose a mapping method for a detailed stock map plan based on a detailed survey on actual vegetation, vegetation structure, and analysis data on tree rings. The detailed analysis of actual vegetation pattern showed that there exist 22 patterns of vegetation, in which the natural forest has 11 patterns, such as Quercus mongolica forest and Q. variabilis forest, etc. while the artificial forest was found to have 6 patterns including Castanea crenata, etc. In order to verify their age-class, this research measured a tree age by collecting 42 quadrats and 89 specimen tree cores on the basis of a detailed actual vegetation map; as a result, an artificial forest and oak trees with small diameters located at low-lying areas, was categorized as 2-grade age class(covering 29.8%), and other areas were judged to be available for land use as 3-grade age-class(covering 57.6%) while the areas judged to be 4-or-more grade age-class (covering 8.8%) was impossible for land use because they are located on a steep slope ridge line on a boundary. In case a proposed site for a small-scale development is judged as a natural forest with deciduous trees as mentioned above, it is necessary that a detailed stock map plan should be drawn up through a detailed investigation into actual vegetation and analysis of plant gathering structure & specimen trees. A detailed stock map plan includes the data that makes it possible to comprehensively judge natural property, scarcity, and diversity of vegetation; thus, it is considered that a detailed stock map plan will be useful in judging the development propriety of a small-scale site.

In vitro Neural Cell Differentiation of Genetically Modified Human Embryonic Stem Cells Expressing Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Tyrosine Hydroxylase 유전자가 주입된 인간 배아줄기세포의 체외 신경세포 분화)

  • Shin, Hyun-Ah;Kim, Eun-Young;Lee, Keum-Sil;Cho, Hwang-Yoon;Kim, Yong-Sik;Lee, Won-Don;Park, Se-Pill;Lim, Jin-Ho
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2004
  • Objective: This study was to examine in vitro neural cell differentiation pattern of the genetically modified human embryonic stem cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Materials and Methods: Human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cell was transfected with cDNAs cording for TH. Successful transfection was confirmed by western immunoblotting. Newly transfected cell line (TH#2/MB03) was induced to differentiate by two neurogenic factors retinoic acid (RA) and b-FGF. Exp. I) Upon differentiation using RA, embryoid bodies (EB, for 4 days) derived from TH#2/MB03 cells were exposed to RA ($10^{-6}M$)/AA ($5{\times}10^{-2}mM$) for 4 days, and were allowed to differentiate in N2 medium for 7, 14 or 21 days. Exp. II) When b-FGF was used, neuronal precursor cells were expanded at the presence of b-FGF (10 ng/ml) for 6 days followed by a final differentiation in N2 medium for 7, 14 or 21 days. Neuron differentiation was examined by indirect immunocytochemistry using neuron markers (NF160 & NF200). Results: After 7 days in N2 medium, approximately 80% and 20% of the RA or b-FGF induced Th#2/MB03 cells were immunoreactive to anti-NF160 and anti-NF200 antibodies, respectively. As differentiation continued, NF200 in RA treated cells significantly increased to 73.0% on 14 days compared to that in b-FGF treated cells (53.0%, p<0.05), while the proportion of cells expressing NF160 was similarly decreased between two groups. However, throughout the differentiation, expression of TH was maintained ($\sim$90%). HPLC analyses indicated the increased levels of L-DOPA in RA treated genetically modified hES cells with longer differentiation time. Conclusion: These results suggested that a genetically modified hES cells (TH#2/MB03) could be efficiently differentiated in vitro into mature neurons by RA induction method.

A Study on the Transmission of a Transgene in the Offspring of Transgenic Mice (형질전환 생쥐의 후손에서 외래 유전자의 유전성에 대한 연구)

  • 염행철
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.453-458
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    • 1997
  • It is known that the incorporation of genes into transgenic mice is generally stable and is p passed on to succeeding generations in a Mendelian fashion. In this report, transgenic mice were set as a model to evaluate whether the transgenes are transmitted in a Mendelian principle in a successive generations and how they are tran s smitted into their offspring. A 3.0 kb linear DNA fragment, containing the MMTV LTR, bovine aSI casein cDNA and SV 40 splicing and polyadenylation site; was microinjected into fertilized mouse embryos. The tail DNAs of the resulting pups were subjected to dot and Southern hybridizations to screen transgenic founders. The DNAs of their offspring were anlyzed by PCR to confirm the transmission of the transgene from F0. Out of 72 live pups four pups (5.6%), 3 males and 1 female, were positive for the transgene. The rates of transmission from F0 into F1 were 33.3, 7.7, 0, and 62.5%. Those from F1 into F2 were 63.6, 5.9, and 68.8% and those from F2 into F3 were 85.7, and 88.2%. In this report, the transmission pattern of transgenes in transgenic mice into their offspring was demonstrated. It either follows or does not follow in a Mendelian fashion. Deletion or loss of the transgenes from F0 in some lines became apparant to the succeeding generations.

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