• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.319-334
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• 1995

To investigate the risk factors of low back pain, an epidemiological study was carried out among male workers aged 20-55 employed in an automobile industry in Korea during the time period from February 1993 to October 1995. Workers participated to this study were divided into low back pain group(LBP) and control group, according to the self-reports by written questionnaires. General characteristics, medical history, work related factors, fatigue, and MMPI were compared between two groups. To clarify the relationship between job related low back pain and radiologic features of lumbar spine, radiographic study was carried out. The resultant data were processed for $x^2-test$, t-test, and stepwise logistic regression to confirm the adjusted odds ratios. The results were as follows: 1. History of back disease, lifting and carrying work, excessive physical fatigue, and weakend back strength of individual workers were directly associated with low back pain. Odd ratios of these 4 risk factors of low back pain were 5.07, 3.34, 1.49, and 1.22 respectively. 2. The frequency of low back pain history was significantly higher in LBP group. 3. Back muscle strength of lumbar spine of LBP group were significantly lower than control group. 4. The workers in LBP group revealed high fatigue symptoms. 5. In MMPI test LBP group showed higher scales in hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania. 6. LBP group were more frequently involved in lifting and carrying, working in awkward position, bending, twisting and using lower extremities. 7. LBP group were exposed more to vibration during working. 8. In the Analysis of radiographs of lumbar spine, Jacob's line not crossing fourth lumhar disc space, transitional vertebrae and lumbar displacement more than 4.4mm in standing lateral view were more frequently observed in LBP group than control group. Through these results, it is concluded that identification of previous history of back problem, change of work or working environment for workers with previous back problem and measures to relieve both physical and psychological fatigue of the workers are required for optimal management of work-related back problems among workers. In the present study, several results were different from the previous reports: Jacob's line not corssing fourth lumbar disc space, lumbarization, and vertebral slipping (spondylolisthesis) more than 4.4mm are related to backache. Meticulous studies are required to elucidate the difference.

• 화훼연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2011

본 연구는 환경스트레스 저항성이 증진된 페튜니아를 개발하기 위하여 NDPK2유전자 도입 형질전환 계통 NDPK2-7-1와 SOD2 유전자 도입 형질전환 계통 SOD2-2-1-1-35간의 교잡에 의해 획득된 후대들의 비생물적 스트레스 저항성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 비생물적 스트레스 유발원인 메틸바이올로젠(methyl viologen, MV) $100{\mu}M$과 $200{\mu}M$ 처리에서 교잡후대들은 그들의 교배모본 SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계통이나 비형질전환체 보다 메틸바이올로젠에 의한 피해를 적게 받았다. 이는 SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계통간 교잡에 의해 획득된 후대들이 그들의 교배모본 (SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계통)이나 비형질전환체 보다 산화적 스트레스에 대한 저항성이 증진되었음을 증명해 준다고 할 수 있다. 이들 교잡후대들은 초장 등 11종류의 양적형질의 특성이 비형질전환체에 비해 약간 길거나 짧긴 하였지만 비형질전환체와 거의 유사하였으며, 꽃 색갈이나 모양 또한 그들의 교배모본 (SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계통)이나 비형질전환체와 차이가 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of clinical practice for gout in Korean Medicine (KM). Methods : On-line survey was adopted for this study, targeted at KM Doctors who were registered in the Association of Korean Medicine. The questionnaire included the general status of treatment, pattern identification and treatment method according to three stages given: acute, chronic and asymptomatic hyperuricemia stage. Results : Data from a total of 384 respondents was analyzed. Participants who responded most were in their 40s, working in KM clinics located in Seoul. Acupuncture and herbal medicines were the top priority treatments in preparing recommendations in clinical practice guidelines for gout, and where clinical trials were considered essential. As of the past year, the average number of first visits per month was 86.7%, and the average treatment duration was less than 1 month, accounting for 72.9%. As for the diagnostic method used for gout patients, the "diagnosed by clinical pattern" response was the highest, and the "blood and urine test" response was the highest as the diagnostic equipment used. As for the evaluation scale being used, the "VAS/NRS" response was the highest. Regardless of the gout stage, acupuncture was the most commonly used treatment method for gout patients, and bee venom pharmacopuncture was the highest for the pharmacopuncture used. In the case of herbal medicine, it was found that a wider variety of herbal medication uninsured in health insurance and herbal prescription were used for the staged treatment of gout than herbal medication in national health insurance coverage. In clinical practice, "acupuncture treatment three times a week" was the most common, and the "acupoints in the limb" were the most frequently used; LR3 and SP3 were the most frequently used acupoints. Conclusions : It is suggested that this survey should be helpful to develop clinical practice guideline for gout that reflects actual clinical practice.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1345-1354
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes that play important roles in skeletal muscle development in ducks. Methods: In this study, we investigated the transcriptional sequencing of embryonic pectoral muscles from two specialized lines: Liancheng white ducks (female) and Cherry valley ducks (male) hybrid Line A (LCA) and Line C (LCC) ducks. In addition, prediction of target genes for the differentially expressed mRNAs was conducted and the enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signaling pathways were further analyzed. Finally, a protein-to-protein interaction network was analyzed by using the target genes to gain insights into their potential functional association. Results: A total of 1,428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 762 being up-regulated genes and 666 being down-regulated genes in pectoral muscle of LCA and LCC ducks identified by RNA-seq (p<0.05). Meanwhile, 23 GO terms in the down-regulated genes and 75 GO terms in up-regulated genes were significantly enriched (p<0.05). Furthermore, the top 5 most enriched pathways were ECM-receptor interaction, fatty acid degradation, pyruvate degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Finally, the candidate genes including integrin b3 (Itgb3), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (Pkm), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1 (Gabarapl1), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (Thrb) showed the most expression difference, and then were selected to verification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of qRT-PCR was consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion: This study provided information of molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental differences in skeletal muscles between specialized duck lines.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.287-325
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• 2017

20세기 이후 항공우주 군사과학기술의 발달과정에 비추어 보면, 국가의 존립과 번영을 위해서 하늘은 매우 중요하다. "하늘을 지배하는 자, 세계를 지배한다!"는 격언이 제공권(制空權)의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 이 글은 남북의 통일 과정과 통일 이후 공역(空域, airspace)의 지위에 관한 최초의 연구로서, 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영공(領空)은 영토와 영해의 상공으로 국경선과 영해선에 의하여 그 수평적 범위가 결정된다. 국경문제에 관하여 역사적 진실규명을 통한 재조정의 시도보다는 현질서의 수용이 가장 합리적이고, 통일전후과정에서 인접 국가의 지지를 받을 수 있으며, 동북아 평화를 위해서 통일한국은 북한과 중국 러시아 사이의 기존 국경협정을 그대로 존중할 필요가 있다. 그러나 현재 북한이 동해 황해에 설정한 직선기선은 국제법상 직선기선이 적용될 수 있는 사정을 갖추지 못하였기 때문에 이를 폐기하고, 통일한국은 국제법에 부합하는 기선을 다시 정하여 그 바깥쪽 12해리의 선까지에 이르는 수역을 영해로 결정하는 것이 바람직하다. 둘째, 비행정보구역(Flight Information Region)은 항공기의 안전하고 효율적인 비행과 항공기의 수색 구조에 필요한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 국제민간항공기구(ICAO)에서 획정한 구역이므로 국제법상 효력이 있다. 현재 한반도 일대에는 남한이 관할하는 인천 FIR과 북한이 관할하는 평양 FIR로 나누어져 있다. 급변사태가 발생하여 북한에서 일시적으로 평양 FIR의 관제권을 행사할 수 없는 경우에는 원칙적으로 남한이 평양 FIR의 관제권을 행사하고, 부득이한 경우에는 ICAO가 일시적으로 이를 행사하는 것이 바람직하다. 통일한국에서는 FIR의 체계적 관리와 통제, 항로개설 관리의 효율성 등을 감안하여, ICAO의 승인을 얻어 평양 FIR을 폐지하고 인천 FIR로 통합하여 운용하는 것이 바람직하다. 셋째, 방공식별구역(Air Defense Identification Zone)은 국가안전보장 목적상항공기의 용이한 식별, 위치 확인 및 통제가 요구되는 공역으로서, 해당 국가가 일방적으로 설정한다. 미국은 1951. 3. 22. 전시포고령에 의하여 한국방공식별구역(KADIZ)을 일방적으로 설정하였는데, 국방부는 2013. 12. 8. 이어도 상공을 포함하는 지역까지 확장한 새로운 KADIZ를 선포하였다. 현재 북한의 군사경계수역은 동해 황해 등 해상경계선으로만 설정되어 있는 점, 중국 러시아와의 관계에서 ADIZ로서 기능을 수행하기에 부족한 점에 비추어 보면, 통일한국이 이를 승계할 의무는 없다. 한반도의 경우에는 종심(縱深)이 짧기 때문에 영공보다 외곽에 ADIZ 경계선을 설정하여야 ADIZ 본래 목적을 달성할 수 있으므로, 통일한국의 인천 FIR과 일치하는 경계선으로 통일한국의 KADIZ를 새로 설정하여 이를 선포하는 것이 타당하다. 다만, 인접국가의 ADIZ와 중첩되거나 경계선을 같이하여 완충지역이 존재하지 않는 경우에는 군사적 긴장감이 고조될 수 있으므로, 동북아 평화를 위해서는 상호간 협상을 통하여 해상에서는 인접국가의 ADIZ 사이에 완충공간을 설정하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.742-746
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• 2014

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, also known as CD326) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is specifically detected in most adenocarcinomas and cancer stem cells. In this study, we performed a Cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) experiment to isolate the aptamers against EpCAM. After seven round of Cell SELEX, we identified several aptamer candidates. Among the selected aptamers, EP166 specifically binds to cells expressing EpCAM with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) in a micromolar range. On the other hand, it did not bind to negative control cells. Moreover, EP166 binds to J1ES cells, a mouse embryonic stem cell line. Therefore, the isolated aptamers against EpCAM could be used as a stem cell marker or in other applications in both stem cell and cancer studies.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Substantial evidences have been accumulated about the hormone-like effects of exogenous substances such as pesticides and industrial chemicals during past years. The effects of these substances on the endocrine system are believed to be either enhancing or reducing of various endocrine action. It is necessary to identify putative causal agents by the batter system and to assess their ability to disrupt the endocrine system. A variety of in vitro and In vivo approaches have been used to determine the androgenic effects of environmental chemicals. To establish the method for assessment of the putative endocrine disruptors with androgenic activity, we carried out the cell proliferation assay by MTS method after treatment with the various concentration of testosterone in LNCaP cells (human prostatic cancer cell line) and also observed the expression of androgen-related genes by quantitative RT-PCR. In the cell proliferation assay, the results showed that the grouth of LNCaP cells increased within level of at least 10pM testosterone. We measured by quantitative RT-PCR method on the effects of testosterone on mRNA expression of androgen receptor (AR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and BMP receptor (BMPR) In LNCaP cells. The results demonstrated that mRNA expression of PSA and BMPR-IB was observed differently within level of at least 0.01 pM testosterone compared with non-treated control. These observations suggest that the detection of PSA and BMPR-IB mRNA by the quantitative RT-PCR in LNCaP cells is very sensitive method to identify the endocrine disruptors to have the androgenic effects.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1480-1484
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• 2003

This paper presents the design and development of network for housing estate security system. The system can cover up to 961 houses which can be up to 1,200 meters long transfer rate of 9,600 bps. This system uses checking and warning the abnormal situation. More over this system has ability to control switch on/off the electrical equipment in the house via AC line control system. The system consists of 4 parts. The first part is a security system of each house using MCS-51 microcontroller as a central processing unit scan 32 sensors and control 8 appliances and send alarm. The MCS-51 microcontroller received control signal via telephone used DTMF circuit. The second part is distributed two levels master/slave network implementing after RS-485 serial communication standard. The protocol its base on the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 7 layers protocol model design focus on speed, reliability and security of data that is transferred. The network security using encrypt by DES algorithm, message sequence, time stamp checking and authentication system when user to access and when connect new device to this system. Flow control in system is Poll/Select and Stop-and-Wait method. The third part is central server that using microcomputer which its main function are storing event data into database and can check history event. The final part is internet system which users can access their own homes via the Internet. This web service is based on a combination of SOAP, HTTP and TCP/IP protocols. Messages are exchanged using XML format [6]. In order to save the number of IP address, the system uses 1 IP address for the whole village in which all homes and appliance in this village are addressed using internal identification numbers. This proposed system gives the data transfer accuracy over 99.8% and maximum polling time is 1,120 ms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.909-917
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• 2006

2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dialkoxy-substituted 6-aminobenzopyran analogues (eg., 7 and 8) were identified as prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitors via a screening process using HSC-T6 and LI 90 cells that express an immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line and as part of a test of the type I collagen contents employing the ELISA method. A subsequent lead optimization effort based on solid-phase parallel synthesis led to the identification of 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dialkoxy-substituted 6-aminobenzopyrans as potent inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2012

MMORPG 온라인게임은 천만명 이상의 게이머들이 즐기는 대표적인 놀이문화로 등장하였으며, 그 결과 온라인 게임산업도 매우 높은 부가가치를 창출하는 산업으로 각광을 받게 되었다. 그런 측면에서 게이머들의 게임콘텐츠에 대한 애착감, 콘텐츠 및 사회적 상호작용 관련 요인 간의 관계를 알아보는 것은 학술적인 측면뿐만 아니라 산업적인 시사점도 상당하다. 본 연구에서는 스토리텔링, 게임방식, 콘텐츠 다양성, 게이머의 일체감 등을 콘텐츠 관련 요인으로 설정하고, 정보공유, 임파워먼트 및 구전효과를 사회적 요인으로 도입하여 게이머의 애착감과의 상호관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 설문조사를 실시하고 연구모형의 타당성과 주요 요인 간 인과관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 콘텐츠요인은 애착감에 영향을 미치지만 사회적 요인은 직접적 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 사회적 요인은 콘텐츠 요인을 통해 애착감에 간접적인 영향은 미치는 것으로 나타났다.