• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.303-329
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• 2019

Intestinal failure (IF) is the critical reduction of the gut mass or its function below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids required for adequate growth in children. Severe IF requires parenteral nutrition (PN). Pediatric IF is most commonly due to congenital or neonatal intestinal diseases or malformations divided into 3 groups: 1) reduced intestinal length and consequently reduced absorptive surface, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS) or extensive aganglionosis; 2) abnormal development of the intestinal mucosa such as congenital diseases of enterocyte development; 3) extensive motility dysfunction such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes. The leading cause of IF in childhood is the SBS. In clinical practice the degree of IF may be indirectly measured by the level of PN required for normal or catch up growth. Other indicators such as serum citrulline have not proven to be highly reliable prognostic factors in children. The last decades have allowed the development of highly sophisticated nutrient solutions consisting of optimal combinations of macronutrients and micronutrients as well as guidelines, promoting PN as a safe and efficient feeding technique. However, IF that requires long-term PN may be associated with various complications including infections, growth failure, metabolic disorders, and bone disease. IF Associated Liver Disease may be a limiting factor. However, changes in the global management of IF pediatric patients, especially since the setup of intestinal rehabilitation centres did change the prognosis thus limiting "nutritional failure" which is considered as a major indication for intestinal transplantation (ITx) or combined liver-ITx.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2001

1999년 3월, 7월, 9월 및 11월에 섬진강 하구역에서 염분경사에 따른 영양염의 거동을 조사하였다. 조사 정점은 지리적 위치보다는 각 조사시마다 표층 염분을 현장에서 측정하여 결정하였다. 질산 질소와 규산 규소의 주요 공급원은 섬진강이었으며 아질산 질소와 인산 인은 섬진강 하구입구와 인접한 광양만에서 배출되는 도시하수와 공장폐수에 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 암모니아 질소는 난초도로부터 약 $6\~8km$ 지점에서 공급양상을 보였다. 암모니아 질소, 인산 인,규산 규소의 강한 제거 거동은 엽록소 $\alpha$ 농도가 $>8{\mu}g/L$ 이상으로 매우 높았던 11월 $5\~15psu$ 염분역에서 나타났다. 엽록소 a 최고치 지점에서 N : P 비가 높고 인산 인이 거의 제거된 것은 인산 인이 식물플랑크톤 성장의 제한 요인으로 작용하고 있다는 것을 시사해 주고 있다. 11월에 $5\~15psu$ 염분 역에서의 상대적으로 높은 Rb/Ra (Rb: Fluorescence before acidifcation, Ra: Fluorescence after acidification) 비는 식물플랑크톤이 이 지역에서 생리적으로 성장하기에 좋은 환경이었음을 의미한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2002

Aspergillus niger has been used as a host to express many heterologous proteins. It has been known that the presence of an- abundant protease is a limiting factor to express a heterologous protein. The protease deficient mutant of A. niger was obtained using UV-irradiation. A total of $1{\times}10^5$ spores were irradiated with $10{\sim}20%$ survival dose of UV, 600 $J/m^2$ at 280 nm, and the resulting spores were screened on the casein-gelatin plates. Ten putative protease deficient mutants showing the reduced halo area around colonies were further analyzed to differentiate the protease deficient mutant from other mutant types. Among ten putative mutants, seven mutants showed significant growth defect on nutrient rich medium and two mutants appeared to be the secretory mutants, which resulted in the impaired secretion of extracellular proteins including proteases. A mutant $pro^--20$ showed reduced halo zone without any notable changes in growth rate. In addition, the starchdegrading and glucose oxidase activities in the culture filtrate of $pro^--20$ mutant showed the similar range as that of the parental strain, which suggested that the $pro^--20$ mutant ought to be the protease deficient mutant rather than a secretory mutant. The reduced proteolytic activity of the $pro^--20$ was demonstrated using SDS-fibrin zymography gel. The reduced extracellular proteolysis was quantified by casein degradation assay and, comparing with the parental strain, less than 30% residual extracellular protease activity was detected in the culture filtrate of the $pro^--20$ mutant. The bio-activity of an exogenously supplemented hGM-CSF(human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor) in the culture filtrate of $pro^--20$ mutant was detected until eight times more diluted preparations than that of the parental strain.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1992

현재 우리나라에서 수집가능한 데이타를 이용하여 간단한 수질예측 모델의 작성을 목적으로서, 우리나라의 주요한 12개 댐호(湖)를 대상으로 유역정보와 호수 수질과의 관계를 조사하였다. 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 호수의 환경정보가 매우 적기 때문에 데이타의 취사선택에 관해서 충분한 검토를 행하기 어려운 점이 있어서 앞으로 이들 데이타의 확보나 정보의 정비가 필요하다고 판단된다. 2. 댐호(湖)의 영양염 농도의 예측에는 침강속도를 0.4m/년으로서 Dillon과 Kirchner식을 이용하는 것이 좋았다. 3. 엽록소 a의 농도는 엽록소 $a=395\;{\time}\;Nu-1.090$의 식으로 예측할 수 있었다. 4. 앞으로 예측의 정도를 향상시키기 위해서는 발생원단위 및 배출원단위의 검토와 보다 많은 호수나 댐에서의 실측 데이타 및 유역 환경 데이타의 축적 및 정비가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.281-281
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• 2017

Recently, global warming by greenhouse gas effect is getting danger and danger for human life and agriculture at present. In Indonesia, according to heavy rain in the agriculture land is often covered by excess water in result crop growth would be affected negative. This water stress triggers roots failure in anaerobic condition for upland crop because of limiting roots respiration. Chili pepper grows in upland sometimes in touch with waterlogging due to rainfall and /or over flow water from river in Indonesia. In this case, roots growing is inhibited by effect of shortage of oxygen at root cap. Therefore, the objective of this study is to observe the plant behavior in waterlogging using mahor local genotypes (Ferosa, Laris, Romario) in Sumatra. The experiment was kept by at 1cm depth water above the soil surface as a waterlogged treatment for ---days. As a result, waterlogging affected plant growth of chili negatively, especially for roots growth. Almost roots were getting bad and changed color for brown during waterlogging. A significant negative effect for nutrient absorption by roots was found in dry weight of all varieties during waterlogging. Dry weight of roots was decreased by 81.4% and 67.6%, and those of aerial part decreased by 74% and 67.2% compared with control in Ferosa and Romario at 1week after treatment. On the other hand, dry weight of roots was decreased only 35% in Laris. Therefore, Laris has a tolerance for waterlogging compared to with other varieties. Also, Laris in SPAD value was kept initial level during waterlogging however those of Ferosa and Romario decreased. Finally, due to impact of waterlogging, it may be the roots become failure because of less aerenchyma formation under anaerobic condition. We need confirm aerenchyma formation morphologically in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2010

An atrazine-degrading bacterium, strain KU001, was obtained from a sugarcane field at the Cane and Sugar Research and Development Center at the Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand. Strain KU001 had a rod-to-coccus morphological cycle during growth. Biolog carbon source analysis indicated that the isolated bacterium was Arthrobacter histidinolovorans. Sequence analysis of the PCR product indicated that the 16S rRNA gene in strain KU001 was 99% identical to the same region in Arthrobacter sp. The atrazine degradation pathway in strain KU001 consisted of the catabolic genes trzN, atzB, and atzC. Strain KU001 was able to use atrazine as a sole nitrogen source for growth, and surprisingly, atrazine degradation was not inhibited in cells grown on ammonium, nitrate, or urea, as compared with cells cultivated on growth-limiting nitrogen sources. During the atrazine degradation process, the supplementation of nitrate completely inhibited atrazine degradation activity in strain KU001, whereas ammonium and urea had no effect on atrazine degradation activity. The addition of strain KU001 to sterile or nonsterile soils resulted in the disappearance of atrazine at a rate that was 4- to 5-fold more than that achieved by the indigenous microbial community. The addition of citrate to soils resulted in enhanced atrazine degradation, where 80% of atrazine disappeared within one day following nutrient supplementation.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

목포항의 수질과 영양상태의 계절 변화를 구명하고 평가하기 위하여 1996년 8원부터 1999년 8월까지 3년간 현장 관측과 수질 분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 투명도, 용존무기질소, 인산인 및 클로로필 a와 같은 수질 항목에 대하여 OECD 영양분류기준을 적용한 결과, 목포항 해수의 영양수준은 4계절 내내 중영양 내지 부영양 상태로 평가되었고, 특히 하계에는 부영양 상태로 나타났다. 둘째, 비록 목포항 수질은 화학적 산소요구량에 의하면 해역수질 환경기준의 2급수 내지 3급수로 평가되지만, 부영양화에 의한 오염지수를 산정한 결과에 의하면, 목포항은 수질이 악화되어 4계절 내내 3급수에도 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부영양도를 산정한 결과, 특히 하계 또는 추계에 목포항에서 적조 발생 잠재력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 해수중에 존재하는 인에 대한 질소의 평균원자비(N/P)를 살펴보면, 목포항에서 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 대한 제한 영양 인자는 질소라기보다는 인으로 나타났다

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2010

미나리 유기재배 방법을 설정하기 위해 관행 재배구를 대조구로 하고 유용미생물제(effective microorganism), 액상규산염(silicate solution), 및 유기액상비료(organic liquid fertilizer)를 사용하여 재배하였다. 미나리 수확기에 조사한 토양 pH, EC, OM, 유효인산, 치환성 칼슘, 유효규산함량은 수확기에 감소하였고, 치환성칼륨과 마그네슘은 1, 2년차에는 수확기에 감소하였지만, 3년차에는 증가하였다. 대조구에 비해 액상규산염을 사용할 경우 pH, 유기물, 유효인산함량이 감소하였고, 유용미생물제는 치환성 Ca과 Mg, 유기액상비료는 EC와 치환성 Ca과 K가 감소하였다. 미나리에 함유되어 있는 다량원소 가운데 C, N, P, K, 및 S는 대조구보다 함유량이 많았고, Ca과 Mg은 대조구와 비슷하였다. 담배거세미나방과 역병은 모든 처리구에서 비슷한 수준으로 나타났고, 점무늬병은 대조구에서 나타났다. 생육시기별로 처리간에 엽록소 함량 차이는 없었지만, 액상규산염을 사용한 구의 초장은 60.2 cm, 수량 3,698 kg/10a로 가장 적었고, 유기액상비료를 사용한 경우 66.0 cm와 4,387 kg/10a로 가장 많았다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.452-464
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of water quality in 10 reservoirs and identify the key nutrients (N, P) influencing chlorophyll-a (CHL) along with analysis of empirical models and zonal patterns of total phosphorus (TP) and CHL. We analyzed total nitrogen (TN), TP, CHL, water clarity (Secchi depth, SD), and evaluated potential limiting nutrient using ambient N:P ratios and previous criteria of ambient nutrients. Water clarity and CHL varied largely depending on the seasonal monsoon and type of reservoir, but trophic state was diagnosed as eutrophy, base on mean CHL in most reservoirs. The peak of TP did not match the contents of CHL due to rapid flushing during the high run-off period. In the reservoir of DR, regression coefficient in the $P_r$ was 0.510 but was 0.159 in the $M_o$, while the TP-CHL relation in the YR increased during the monsoon compared to the premonsoon. The regression coefficient in the $P_r$ was not statistically significant but the value of $M_o$ was 0.250. TP showed similar longitudinal zonal gradients among the reservoirs of DR, YR and JR. Empirical models of TP-CHL, based on overall data, showed that CHL was determined by phosphorus($R^2=0.244$, p=0.0019). Regression analysis of CHL-SD showed a stronger linear fit ($R^2=0.638$, p<0.001) than the TP-CHL model.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2008

The relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton dynamics was investigated daily from 12 April to 22 July 2003 in Sagami Bay, Japan. According to multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis, phytoplankton community was divided into four distinct groups. The first group was consisted of centric diatom species, such as Guinardia spp., Detonula spp., Letocylindrus danicus, Skeletonema costatum, Eucampia zodiacus and Chaetoceros spp.. The second and third clusters comprised mainly diatoms and dinoflagellates, respectively. The other cluster was restricted to the samples collected during the last sampling period when the rainfall and river discharge was frequently recorded. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to analyze four groups respectively, which focused on the effects of nutrients concentration and ratio on phytoplankton variations. Based on CCA analysis, most species of centric diatom were negatively correlated with DSi concentrations and Si/N ratio. Nutrients were strongly limited phytoplankton growth during the summer when the rainfall was not observed, whereas river discharge by rainfall and counterclockwise coastal currents (although the surface circulation pattern is often altered by Kuroshio Current, the counterclockwise coastal currents are generally dominant) has brought phytoplankton population accumulation and triggered the micoalgae growth in western part of the bay. Phosphorous (P) was strongly limited after significantly increases in the phytoplankton abundances. However, silicate (Si) was not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton production, since Si/DIN and Si/P ratio did not create any potential stoichiometric limitation. This indicates that high Si availability contributes favorably to the maintenance of diatom ecosystems in Sagami Bay.