• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

Purpose: Ménétrier disease (MD) was first described in 1888, and 50 cases have been reported until now. We aimed to discuss the etiology, diagnostics, and management of MD in children. Methods: We searched for case reports published from 2014 till 2019 in English using PubMed. Articles were selected using subject headings and key words of interest to the topic. Interesting references of the included articles were also included. Results: The pathophysiology of MD is still uncertain. However, overexpression of transforming growth factor alpha with transformation of the gastric mucosa has been observed, which may be mediated by genetics and provoked by an infectious trigger. Clinically, MD is diagnosed by abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and edema secondary to hypoalbuminemia. A gastroscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of MD. In children, the disease is self-limiting and only requires supportive treatment. In general, children have a good prognosis and recover spontaneously within a few weeks. Conclusion: Few pediatric cases of MD have been described in recent years, and with all different etiology. Endoscopy with biopsy remains the golden standard for the diagnosis of MD, and in children, the disease is self-limiting.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.391-396
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• 2005

In this paper the modeling of interrupting characteristics of a high voltage current limiting fuse to be used in a power distribution system is introduced. In order to reduce the level of energy which can be absorbed by equipment during fault current flow, a high voltage current limiting fuse can generate a high voltage at the fuse terminals. Consequently it is necessary to model and analyze precisely the voltage and current variation during a CL fuse action. The characteristics of CL fuse operation modeled by electrical components have been performed with less than 6 [$\%$] errors. So the fuse designer or manufacturer can estimate the characteristics of CL fuse operation by using this modeling. The Electro Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP) is used to develop the modeling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.3-5
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• 1997

Properties of a good drug include safety, efficacy, half-life and bioavailability. With the current approach to drug discovery based on receptor-based and cell-based screening methods, compounds are frequently moved into development with poor bioavailability. With low bioavailability, drug administration is typically limited to parenteral routes, thus limiting the potential wide-spread utility of these therapeutic agents. The first and most important factor limiting a drug's bioavailability is the intestinal membrane permeability which in turn determines the maximum fi:action of the dose administered that can be absorbed. We have recently utilized new intubation methods for performing permeability measurements in humans and establishing a fundamental human data base for correlating intestinal jejunal membrane permeabilities with permeabilities determined in other systems, e.g., animals, tissue culture, as well as physical chemical properties.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07f
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• pp.2470-2474
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• 1999

The main drawback of parallel type active power filters (APFs) is the large capacity required for harmonic compensation. This paper evaluates the APF capacity requirement for harmonic/reactive power compensation for thyristor converter load. Theoretically achievable maximum power factor under partial load is evaluated. it is shown that the APF capacity can be considerably reduced by deliberately limiting the peak current, while maintaining the filtering performance with an acceptable total harmonic current level. the minimum capacity requirement of APF with current limiting is evaluated as a function of the firing angle of thyristor converter and short circuit ratio(SCR).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.604-612
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• 1999

A puc-deleted cell of Rhodobacter sphaeroides grows with a doubling time longer than 160 h under light-limiting photoheterotrophic (3 Watts [W]/㎡) conditions due to an absence of the peripheral light-harvesting B800-850 complex. A spontaneous fast-growing mutant, R. sphaeroides SK101, was isolated from the puc-deleted cells cultured photoheterotrophically at 3 W/㎡. This mutant grew with an approximately 40-h doubling time. The growth of the mutant, however, was indistinguishable from its parental strain during photoheterotrophic growth at 10 W/㎡ as well as during aerobic growth. The membrane of SK101 grown aerobically did not reveal the presence of any spectral complex, while the amounts of the B875 complex and photosynthetic pigments of SK101 grown anaerobiclly in the dark with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were the same as those of the parental cell. These results indicate that the oxygen control of the photosynthetic complex formation remained unaltered in the mutant. The B875 complex of SK101 under light-limiting conditions was elevated by 20％ to 30％ compared with that of the parental cell, which reflected the parallel increase of the bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the mutant. When the puc was restored in SK101, the B875 complex level remained unchanged, but that of the B800-850 complex increased. The mutated phenotype of SK101 was complemented with orfQ encoding a putative bacteriochlorophyll-mobilizing protein. Accordingly, it is proposed that the mutated OrfQ of SK101 should have an altered affinity towards the assembly factor specific to the most peripheral light-harvesting complex, which could be either the B875 or the B800-850 complex.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2019

Objective: We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Methods: Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. Results: Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with $BCS{\geq}3.0$. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. Conclusion: Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2011

To estimate the effects of limitation nutrients for phytoplankton growth and its influences on short-term variations of a winter phytoplankton community structure, we investigated the abiotic and biotic factors of surface and bottom waters at 20 stations of inner and offshore areas from 6 to 7 February in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. Also, several algal bio-assay studies were conducted to identify any additional nutrient effects on phytoplankton assemblage using surface water for the assay. The dominant species in the bay was diatom Skeletonema costatum, which occupied more than 70% of total species in most stations (St.1-16) of the inner bay. According to a cluster and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on phytoplankton community data from each station, the bay was divided into three groups. The first group included stations from the south-western parts of Myodo lsland, which can be characterized as a semien-closed eutrophic area with high phytoplankton abundance. The second group included most stations from the north-eastern part of Myodo lsland, influenced indirectly by surface water currents from offshore of the bay. The standing phytoplankton crops were lower than those of the first group. The other cluster was restricted to samples collected from offshore of the bay. In the bay, silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) were not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton production. However, since the DIN: DIP and DSi: DIN ratios clearly demonstrated that there were potential stoichiometric N limitations, nitrogen (N) was considered as a limiting factor. Based on the algal bio-assay, in vivo fluorescence values in N (+) added experiments were higher compared to control and P added experiments. Our results suggested that nitrogen may act as one of the most important factors in controlling primary production during winter in Gwangyang Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2010

This paper propose analysis and examination of the melting characteristic of fuse elements by repeating overcurrent as a depletion factor of high pressure current limiting fuse through test following existence and nonexistence of extinction material and various configuration of elements. To examine deterioration progress rate by repeating overcurrent we analyzed heat for various element notching configuration, designed plate type, ring type element and estimated the relationship with life span by analyzing breaking characteristic through repeating overcurrent test with adjusting load factor at Silicon Dioxide(SiO2) filled state or in air. A Crack by repeat stress, decrease of section and transformation by friction with extinction material by repeating overcurrent causes a problem which shortens life span based on fuse repeating frequency. Since the contents of this paper might be useful to research the correlation between friction of materials and repeating life span based on load factor of repeating current, the quality of product would be improved through solution of the problem.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.64-73
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate effects of physical characteristics of both watershed and reservoir on nutrient-chlorophyll relationship in Korean reservoirs. Simple linear models were developed with published data in Korea including 415 reservoirs and 11 multi-purpose dams, and physico-chemical parameters of reservoirs and characteristics relationship of models were analyzed. Theoretical residence time in Korean reservoirs was strongly correlated with the ratio of TA/ST (drainage area + surface area / storage volume) in the logarithmic function. As a result of monthly nutrients-chlorophyll-a regression analysis, significant Chl-a-TP relationship appeared during May～July. The high Chl-a yields per total phosphorus appeared during this time (R$\^$2/=0.51, p<0.001, N= 1088). Chlorophyll-a demonstrated much stronger relationship with TP. than TN. Seasonal algal-nutrient coupling were closely related with N:P ratio in the reservoir water, and it was, in turn, dependent on the monsoon climatic condition (precipitation). Based on the results of regression analysis and high N:P ratio, a major limiting factor of algal growth appeared to be phosphorus during this time. Unlikely TA/ST ratio, DA/SA ratio (drainage area f surface area) was likely to influence directly on the nutrient-Chl-a relationship, indicating that if storage volume and inflowing water volume were the same, algal biomass could be developed more in reservoirs with large surface area. Thus, DA/SA ratio seemed to be an important factor to affect the development of algal biomass in Korean reservoirs. With low determination coefficient of TP-Chl-a relationship, our findings indicated not only nutrient (phosphorus) but also other physical factors, such as DA/SA ratio, may affect algal biomass development in Korean reservoirs, where actual residence time appears to be more closely related to reservoir surface area rather than storage volume.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.75-76
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• 2016

This paper proposes a power factor correction circuit with a high efficiency over a wide load range characteristics for a communication power supply. And the characteristic verification is applied to produce a design of prototype. Power factor correction circuit can reduce conduction losses by applying Bridgeless Boost Converter for efficiency. Over a wide load range to maintain the efficient, the control method of a PWM controller is divided by two sections according to the load area. In the low-load region, it was reduced switching losses by applying the critical conduction mode control method. On the other hand, in the heavy-load area, the hysteresis current control method is used to maintain the high efficiency over a wide load range by limiting the peak noise of the inductor.