• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.479-483
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• 2001

This Study was carried out to know the soil properties and the quality of shallow groundwater in the plastic film house fields around mid-Korea. This study was conducted at 11 sites in Suweon, Pyungtaek, Yongin, and Chunchen on May, June, July and August in 1999. The the average concentration of nitrate-nitrogen was 19.1 mg/L, it reached almost to the limiting level, 20 mg/L. Moreover about 36.4% of survey sites exceeded limiting level to agricultural groundwater quality. And Sulfur concentrations also at some sites exceeded to agricultural groundwater quality limit level (50 mg/L), which could make damage to the crop. Nitrate-nitrogen, which is one of the most important factors in the groundwater quality, It has highly positive correlation with any other ion in groundwater. This result showed that groundwater quality management practices should be taken for the agricultural production as well as for environment at the plastic film house areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.74-96
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• 2002

The objectives of this study is to suggest the rectifying sampling inspection plan considering quality cost. Limiting quality level(LQL) plans(also called LTPD plans) and outgoing quality(OQ) plans are considered. The Hald's linear cost model is discussed with and without a beta prior for the distribution of the fraction of nonconforming items in a lot. It is assumed that the sampling inspection is error free. We consider the design of reliability acceptance sampling plan (RASP) for failure rate level qualification at selected confidence level. The lifetime distribution of products is assumed to be exponential. MIL-STD-690C and K C 6032 standards provide this procedures. But these procedures have some questions to apply in the field. The cost of test and confidence level(1-$\beta$ risk) are the problem between supplier and user. So, we suggest that the optimal life test sampling inspection plans using simple linear cost model considering product cost, capability of environment chamber, environmental test cost, and etc. Especially, we consider a reliability of lots that contain some nonconforming items. In this case we assumed that a nonconforming item fail after environmental life test. Finally, we develope the algorithm of the optimal sampling inspection plan based on minimum costs for rectifying inspection and RASP. And computer application programs are developed So, it is shown how the desired sampling plan can be easily found.

• KCID journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze characteristics of water quality and correlation among water quality parameters in Idong reservoir used for agricultural water. The pH and concentrations of DO, SS, BOD, COD, TP, Chl-a in Idong reservoir almost met the water quality standards for agricultural water, but TN concentration exceeded the water quality standards for agricultural water. All of water quality items had no significant difference between horizontal points at 95% confidence level and the Idong reservoir was possible to be treated as the single water body. As NIP ratio of the Idong reservoir is 52, TP is a limiting nutrient salt. As TN exceeds the water quality standards, it is required to preserve TP below current state to prevent water bloom by eutrophication. Therefore, reduction of phosphorus from the watershed is necessary for controlling the eutrophication of Idong reservoir.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

Press formabilities of aluminum sheets for automobile body were investigated. Plane strain stretching test (called RIST-PSST), cupping test and U bending test were performed to assess the press formability of aluminum sheets respectively. The results showed that aluminum sheets are generally inferior to cold-rolled steel sheet of deep drawing quality (CSP3N) in press formability. The limiting punch height (LPH) and limiting plane strain (FLCo) of aluminum sheets are 50%-70% level compared to that of CSP3N. Moreover, the limiting drawing ratios(LDR) of aluminum sheets are ranged between 1.95 and 2.1. The poor press formability of aluminum sheets is responsible for low values of total elongation and plastic anisotropy parameter in tensile characteristic. The shape fixability of aluminum sheets evaluated in U bending test is very poor due to its low elastic modulus compared to CSP3N.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2014

Seasonal characteristics of water and sediment qualities and potential effects of the freshwater discharge from a small tide embankment interior in a coastal area in Goheung county were investigated from May to September in 2012. Chemical oxygen demand values (COD) were mostly higher than 2 mg/L in summer ebb tide, which exceed the standard value of water quality criteria II of acceptable level for aquaculture activities. Nitrogen and phosphorus were found as the limiting nutrients for algae growth in summer and fall and in spring, respectively. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient for diatom growth in the whole studied period. The sudden high values of COD, ammonia, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were found in water sample collected from station 5 which located in front of the tide embankment sluice gate during spring ebb tide. The freshwater discharge form the tide embankment interior maybe affected the survey areas during a short time interval. Mean values of eutrophication index of the surveyed coastal region in spring, summer and fall were all bigger than 1. Water quality was mostly considered at level II which acceptable for aquaculture activities. Sediment quality in this study was generally in the range of standard for fisheries environment.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.349-366
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• 2007

Seasonal variations of various physicochemical components (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, COD, DOC, nutrients-silicate, DIN, DIP) and potential limiting factor for phytoplankton primary production were studied in the surface water of semi-enclosed Masan Bay. Seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations, with lower values in summer and winter, and higher in fall, are probably controlled by freshwater loadings to the bay, benthic flux and magnitude of occurrence of phytoplankton communities. Their spatial distributional patterns are primarily dependent on physical mixing process between freshwater and coastal seawater, which result in a decreasing spatial gradient from inner to outer part of the bay. In the fall season of strong wave action, the major part of nutrient inputs (silicate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic phosphorus) comes from regeneration (benthic flux) at sediment-water interface. During the summer period, high Si:DIN and Si:DIP and low DIN:DIP relative to Redfield ratios suggest a N- and secondarily P-deficiency. During other seasons, however, silicate is the potential limiting factor for primary production, although the Si-deficiency is less pronounced in the outer region of the bay. Indeed, phytoplankton communities in Masan Bay are largely affected by the seasonal variability of limiting nutrients. On the other hand, the severe depletion of DIN (relatively higher silicate level) during summer with high freshwater discharge probably can be explained by N-uptake of temporary nanoflagellate blooms, which responds rapidly to pulsed nutrient loading events. In Masan Bay, this rapid nutrient consumption is considerably important as it can modify the phytoplankton community structures.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.5 s.92
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• pp.424-430
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• 2006

Since 1985, the Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment(GIHE) and Ministry of Environment have collected rivers and streams water quality data in an ambient surface water monitering program. This study was prepared to propose an achievement of water quality of rivers subject to management by area according to an created level while establishing a water quality level applicable to the Gangwon area. As a result of evaluating correlativity on the BOD-based water quality data, BOD versus TP, and TP versus SS demonstrated significance at a confidence level of 95%. Evaluating correlativity on $10{\sim}90$ percentile values of analyzed data, a coefficient of determination, $r^{2}$ of BOD versus TP, and TP versus SS were 0.625, 0.286 respectively. Grading the results by evaluation method, the representative values of TP were 0.030 mg/l for I level, 0.100 mg/l for II level, 0.200 mg/l for Ill level, 0.300 mg/l for IV level, and 0.350 mg/l for V level, and those of SS were indicated 4.0 mg/l for I level, 15.0 mg/l for II level, 30.0 mg/l for III level, 45.0 mg/l for IV level, and 60.0 mg/l for V level. As for the limiting factor allowing the water quality standard exceeded, BOD posted 61% as the factor was found in 11 places, TP 28%, and SS 33%.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

In this manuscript, a modified single sampling plan is proposed for the inspection of products in which the nonconforming items can be classified in to two categories namely critical and non-critical; and explained with the help of industrial example. The operating procedure of this plan is also proposed and the performance measures such as the probability of acceptance, average sample number, average total inspection and average out going quality are also derived. The optimal parameters are determined which will have minimum sample size. The efficiency of the proposed plan is also discussed over the conventional single sampling plan. The extensive tables for selecting a modified single sampling plan based on AQL and LQL are provided for both Binomial and Poisson distributions and explained with the help of industrial data.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 1996

In order to identify the habitat characteristics of water shield (Brasenia schreberi), water quality and sediment characters were investigated. Water shield had peculial habitats such as old reservoir, developed basin-like reservior, a water depth within 1.5 m, constant water level, and thick sediment layer at the bottom. The species had very dense populations under the favorable growing conditions and occasionally grew together with Utricularia japonica. When water shield decreased, Nelumbo nucifera, Nuphar japonicum and Zizania latifolia increased. Natural populations of water shield need protection because it is endangered by the human activities and their harvest. The optimal conditions for the growth of water shield was near neutral pH. low conductivity and low turbidity. Therefore the input of pollutants should be controlled for its growth. The inorganic ion contents such as K, Mg, and Na were higher in the water shield growing area. Especially iron content of the sediments in the reservoirs with water shield was nearly five times as high as that in the reservoirs without water shield. thus iron might be one of the major limiting factors for the growth. It was considered that molybdenum can be another major factor because water shield is a nitrogen fixing plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.137-140
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• 1998

An active-matrix LCD using thin film transistors (TFT) has been widely recognized as having potential for high-quality color flat-panel displays. Pixel-Design Array Simulation Tool (PDAST) was used to profoundly understand the gate si후미 distortion and pixel charging capability. which are the most critical limiting factors for high-quality TFT-LCDs. Since PDAST can simulate the gate, data and pixel voltages of a certain pixel on TFT array at any time and at any location on an array, the effect of the resistivity of gate line material on the pixel operations can be effectively analyzed. The gate signal delay, pixel charging ratio and level-shift of the pixel voltage were simulated with varying the parameters. The information obtained from this study could be utilized to design the larger area and finer image quality panel.