• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.677-684
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oriental herb medicine therapy on a limited stage small ell lung cancer(SCLS) patient. Methods : The medical record of this case of SCLS was researched. The patient had been treated with oriental herb medicine for five months continuously in OPD. Clinical data was analyzed and the mass of small cell lung cancer before and after oriental herb medicine therapy was compared using X-ray and CT scan of the whole body in order to determine metastasis. Result : After 5 months of oriental herb medical treatment, most of symptoms disappeared or improved. The small cell lung cancer patially receeded and improvements were mainly seen in sputum, coughing, insomnia, diarrhea, and performance status. Conclusion : The study suggests that oriental herb medicine therapy effects the tumor size by causing remission and Improving health and relieving symptoms, and also positively effects the quality of life as a supportive or curative therapy for SCLC patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 1992

Twenty nine adult patients underwent surgical esohpagectomy and one, bypass procedure for documented carcinoma of esophagus and cadiac portion of stomach at Chonnam National University Hospital from Jan 1986 to April 1991. There were several kinds of esophagectomies including through transhiatal, left thoracotomy only, laparotomy and thoracotomy, and laparotomy and right thoracotomy and cervical incision. Twenty five and squamous cell carcinoma and 5, adenocarcinoma. The tumor locations were the upper third in 3, middle third in 12, lower third in 10 and cardiac portion of stomach in 5. After operation, 8[27%] patients were classified in Stage IIa, 6[20%] patients in Stage IIb, 15 patients[50%] in Stage III and one patient in Stage IV. Major postoperative complications included anastomotic narrowing in 3, limited suture line leak in 2, wound infection in 2, hoarseness in 2, pseudomembraneous enterocolitis in 1 and herpes zoster in 1. There was no death within 30 days of operation. Ten months survival was 100% for patients with Stage lIa, 67% for patients with Stage IIb, 50% for patients with Stage III. Furthermore, 20 months survival was 75% in IIIa, 33% in IIb, and 40% in III. But there were no significant differences in survivals among the stage. The actuarial survival is 58% at one year and 41% at two years, The periods of average survival is 589 days after operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

High precision machining technology has become one of the important parts in the development of a precision machine. Such a machine requires high speed on a large workspace as well as high precision positioning. For machining systems having a long stroke with ultra precision, a dual-stage system including a global stage (coarse stage) and a micro stage (fine stage) is designed in this paper. Though linear motors have a long stroke and high precision feed drivers, they have some limitations for submicron positioning. Piezo-actuators with high precision also have severe disadvantage for the travel range, and the stroke is limited to a few microns. In the milling experiments, the positional accuracy has been readily achieved within 0.2 micron over the typical 20 mm stroke, and the path error over 2 micron was reduced within 0.2 micron. Therefore, this technique can be applied to develop high precision positioning and machining in the micro manufacturing and machining system.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.600-609
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a two-stage base station (BS) sleeping scheme to save energy consumption in cellular networks. The BS sleeping mode is divided into a light sleeping stage and a deep sleeping stage according to whether there is a user in the BS's coverage. In the light sleeping stage, a BS will retain its coverage and frequently switch between the on state and the doze state according to the service characteristics. While in the deep sleeping stage analysis, the BS will shut down its coverage, and neighbor BSs will patch the coverage hole. Several closed-form formulas are derived to demonstrate the power consumption in each sleeping stage and the stage switching conditions are discussed to minimize the average power consumption. The average traffic delay caused by BS sleeping and the average deep sleeping rate under a given traffic load have also been studied. In addition, it is shown that BS sleeping is not always possible because of the limited quality of service (QoS) requirements. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the average BS power consumption, at the cost of some extra traffic delay. In summary, our proposed framework provides an essential understanding of the design of future green networks that aim to take full advantage of different stages of BS sleeping to obtain the best energy efficiency.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 1989

From July 1984 to September 1988, 27 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer were treated with combined modality (combination chemotherapy Plus radiotherapy) at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology in Kyungpook National University Hospital. Of the 27 patients, 19$(70\%)$ achieved a complete response, 6$(22\%)$ a partial response, and 2$(8\%)$ no response. Female, performance status HO, serum enolase level below 30ng/ml, radiation dose over 4500 cGy, and 4 or more cycles of chemotherapy had a favorable effect on the rates of complete response, although there were no statistical differences according to the variables. Median survival time was 10 months and overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were $40,7\%$ and $12.2\%$, respectively. Complete response (p<0.05), performance status HO (p<0.05), 4 or more cycles of chemotherapy (p<0.05), and radiation dose over 4500 cGy had a significantly favorable effect on 2-year survival rate. Prophylactic cranial irradiation or sex had no effect on survival. The results of this study suggest that radiation treatment should be combined with combination chemotherapy in the therapeutic strategy of SCLC of limited stage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.141-145
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• 2005

Forest stand structure was surveyed to understand the Korean fir (Abies holophylla) dominant forest ecosystem in Nae-Sorak mountain. Despite limited surveyed area, a diverse forest structure, a characteristic in natural forests, is well presented in the area. According to Leibundgut's (1984) classification of forest structure, stand A, B represents declining stage, stand C regeneration stage, stand D combination of stabilizing and declining stage, and stand E unstable stage of selection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.7 s.172
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• pp.102-111
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• 2005

In this paper, we address a position control for a parallel stage, which is levitated and driven by electric magnetic force. This consists of a levitating object (called platen) with 4 permanent magnetic linear synchronous motors in parallel. Each motor generates vertical force for suspension against gravity and propulsion force horizontally as well. This stage can generate six degrees of freedom motion by the vertical and horizontal force. A dynamic equation of the stage system is derived based on Newton-Euler method and it's special Jacobian matrix describing a relation between the limited velocity and Cartesian velocity is done. There are proposed two control methods for positioning which are Cartesian space controller and Actuator space controller. The control performance of the Cartesian space controller is better than the Actuator space controller in task space trajectory while the Actuator space controller is simpler than the Cartesian space controller in controller realization.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 1990

A lot-sizing model for multi-stage MRP systems is proposed, in which known demands must be satisfied. In this model, an approach with considerations of initial inventory and limited production capacity is involved. Most of the studies on the lot-sizing techniques for multi-stage material requirement planning systems have been focused upon two basic approaches. One approach is to develope an algorithm yielding an optimal solution. Due to the computational complexity and sensitivity of the optimal solution to the problem of lot sizing, heuristic approaches are often employed. In this paper, the heuristic approach is used by sequential application of a single-stage algorithm with a set of modified cost by the concept of multi-echelon costs. The proposed method is compared with an lot-sizing method(Florian-Klein Model) to prove its effectiveness by numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

In this paper we consider a design problem of a cyclic queueing network with two stages, each with a local buffer of limited capacity. Based on the theory of reversibility and product-form solution, we derive the throughput function of the network as a key performance measure to maximize. Two cases are considered. In case each stage consists of a single server, an optimal allocation policy of a given buffer capacity and work load between stages as well as the optimal number of customers is identified by exploiting the properties of the throughput function. In case each stage consists of multiple servers, the optimal policy developed for the single server case doesn't hold any more and an algorithm is developed to allocate with a small number of computations a given number of servers, buffer capacity as well as total work load and the total number of customers. The differences of the optimal policies between two cases and the implications of the results are also discussed. The results can be applied to support the design of certain manufacturing and computer/communication systems.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.128-140
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• 2001

Infection of pepper leaves by Colletotrichum cocodes at the two- and eight-leaf stages caused susceptible and resistant lesions 96 h after inoculation, respectively. At the two-leaf stage, progressive symptom development occurred on the infected leaves. In contrast, localized necrotic spots were characteristic symptoms at the eight-leaf stage. Infected leaves at the two-leaf stage exhibited cell death accompanied by the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds. At the eight-leaf stage, pepper leaves infected by the anthracnose fungus displayed localized autofluorescence from the symptoms. Infection of pepper leaves by C. cocodes at the two-leaf stage resulted in its rapidand massive colonization of all the leaf tissues including the vascular tissue, together with cytoplasmic collapse, distortion of chloroplasts, and disruption of host cell walls. However, penetration of C. cocodes was very limited in the older leaf tissues of pepper plants at the eight-leaf stage. Fungal hyphae grew only in the intramural spaces of the epidermal cell walls at this stage. Occlusion of amorphous material in xylem vessels, aggregation of fibrillar material in inter-cellular spaces, and deposition of protein bodies were found as resistance responses to C. cocodes.