• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3156-3163
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• 2011

This study is to investigate the effect of the limitation factor in women's marine sports on negotiation strategy and participation decision. we selected out 278 in total by cluster random sampling that are women in their twenties living in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas in 2009. 2009 years 1 July to 30 July were surveyed. There are the following results performed by a frequency analysis, a factor analysis, a reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Windows 15.0 Version. First, the limitation factor in women's marine sports partially influences on negotiation strategy. Second, the participation limitation factor in women's marine sports partially influences on participation decision. Third, the participation negotiation strategy in women's marine sports partially influences participation decision.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.203-217
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• 2013

This study looked at how to establish effluent limitation standards for formaldehyde, a toxic chemical widely used in industries. To this end, we reviewed Water Quality Based Effluent Limitation (WQBEL), Technology Based Effluent Limitation (TBEL), and water quality criteria for protection of human health and aquatic organism. Based on the results, we estimated formaldehyde effluent limitation standards appropriate to control water quality of industrial wastewater in Korea. However, this study has limits due to the lack of some data necessary in estimating formaldehyde effluent limitation. For example, although water quality criteria based on non-carcinogenic properties of formaldehyde were calculated, those based on carcinogenic properties were not be able to estimate because of the absence of applicable cancer potency factor q1. Without applicable factor, we calculated water quality standards for formaldehyde based on water quality criteria of advanced countries including the United States, while with no water quality standard we referred to applicable drinking water quality standards of other countries. For eco-toxicity based on water quality criteria, proper figures could not be calculated since there have been few reliable data.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2019

This study is positive research to figure out enculturation types and to analysis influence of enculturation types on life's satisfaction of the marriage immigrant women. By precedent study, enculturation types was classified by integration factor, separation factor, assimilation factor and marginalization factor. To achieve objectives of study, we carried out sampling, survey and statistical analysis. According to result of study, integration factor and assimilation factor were appeared positive influence and separation factor was appeared negative influence statistically on quality of life of them. Therefore for quality of life of the marriage immigrant women, it need to develop interact system with native persons, support opportunity to associate with koreans, and promote fair treatment and interaction of koreans for them. And government have to execute multiculturalism policy more than assimilation policy. this study have that was samples's regional limitation, few variables limitation, and cross-sectional research's limitation. Therefor it needs more wide and depth research than this for future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1353-1361
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to provide fundamental data for developing a depression prediction model by discovering main factors that affect depression in patients who do maintenance hemodialysis. Method: The subjects were 191 patients doing maintenance hemodialysis selected from outpatient dialysis clinics at 9 major general hospitals, The Instrument tools utilized in this study were adapted from depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, stress, adaptation, symptoms, daily activities, and role limitation and thoroughly modified to verify reliability and validity. The collected data was analyzed with a SPSS-PC 11.0 Window Statistics Program for real numbers, percentage, average, standard deviation, and multiple regression. Results: The correlation factor for depression was (M=2.54) fatigue(M=3.12), sleep disturbance (M=2.82), stress(M=3.04), adaptation(M=2.53), daily activities(M=2.24), symptoms(M=2.37), and role limitation(M=2.24). The strongest factor that affected depression was explained by symptoms of the patients who performed hemodialysis. The analysis of the factors that affected depression revealed a $58.4\%$ prediction in symptoms, stress, role limitation, and adaptation. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model(Depression=7.351 + .266$^{\ast}$symptoms + .260$^{\ast}$stress -.l89$^{\ast}$adaptation + .057$^{\ast}$fatigue) of this research may serve as a prediction factor for depression in Hemodialysis Patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.202-210
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• 2007

Factor analysis, an important research method, has been conducted as a pre-analysis of empirical researches. Sometimes, the researchers expect more information than factor analysis' limitation as well. Therefore, I suggest a method to overcome this problem. This study presents a combined research method which allow to solve the limitation of the factor analysis in social science. The combined research method consist of factor analysis, AHP(analytic hierarchy process) analysis, diffusion theory and system dynamics, which is able to explain causalities.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Whilst it is clear that increasing temperatures from global environmental change will impact the positions of alpine treelines, it is likely that a range of regional and local scaled factors will mediate the overall impact of global scale climate drivers. We summarized 12 categories of abiotic and biotic factors as 4 groups determining treeline positions. First, there are global factors related to climate-induced growth limitation and carbon limitation. Second, there are seven regional and local factors related to treeline dynamics including frost stress, topography, water stress, snow, wind, fire and non-fire disturbance. Third, species-specific factors can control treeline dynamics through their influence on reproduction and life history traits. Fourth, there are positive feedbacks in structuring the dynamics of treelines. Globally, the commonly accepted growth limitation hypothesis is that growth at a treeline is limited by temperature. Meanwhile, positive feedbacks between canopy cover and tree establishment are likely to control the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of many treelines. The presence of non-linear dynamics at treelines has implications for the use of treelines as barometers of climate change because the lagged responses and abrupt shifts inherent in non-equilibrium systems may combine to mask the overall climate trend.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.318-329
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• 1994

This paper deals with the finite wordlength effect on the performance of digital PID controllers. The finite wordlength, one of the major limitation factors in digital controllers, results on two kinds of quantization error : the signal quantization error and the coefficient quantization error. This paper derives the variance of the plant output due to the signal quantization error. Using stability margins as performance criterion, the statistical wordlength concept is adopted for coefficient wordlength selection. Finally, the experimental results exhibit satisfactory performance of the digital PID controller with statistical coefficient wordlength.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2017

A three-level inverter is widely used thanks to its excellent performances, but the voltage may fluctuate at the neutral point of the split DC-Link. Neutral point voltage fluctuations cause inverter performance degradation and switching element damage, so the neutral point voltage control is essential. However, the neutral point control can be also limited by modulation index and power factor. This paper analyzes the limitation of the neutral point voltage control due to the limitation of zero-sequence voltage, and suggests a method to determine the region where the PWM has to be changed for a better neutral point control.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2011

To estimate the effects of limitation nutrients for phytoplankton growth and its influences on short-term variations of a winter phytoplankton community structure, we investigated the abiotic and biotic factors of surface and bottom waters at 20 stations of inner and offshore areas from 6 to 7 February in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. Also, several algal bio-assay studies were conducted to identify any additional nutrient effects on phytoplankton assemblage using surface water for the assay. The dominant species in the bay was diatom Skeletonema costatum, which occupied more than 70% of total species in most stations (St.1-16) of the inner bay. According to a cluster and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on phytoplankton community data from each station, the bay was divided into three groups. The first group included stations from the south-western parts of Myodo lsland, which can be characterized as a semien-closed eutrophic area with high phytoplankton abundance. The second group included most stations from the north-eastern part of Myodo lsland, influenced indirectly by surface water currents from offshore of the bay. The standing phytoplankton crops were lower than those of the first group. The other cluster was restricted to samples collected from offshore of the bay. In the bay, silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) were not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton production. However, since the DIN: DIP and DSi: DIN ratios clearly demonstrated that there were potential stoichiometric N limitations, nitrogen (N) was considered as a limiting factor. Based on the algal bio-assay, in vivo fluorescence values in N (+) added experiments were higher compared to control and P added experiments. Our results suggested that nitrogen may act as one of the most important factors in controlling primary production during winter in Gwangyang Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2011

Process monitoring has been emphasized for the monitoring of complex system such as chemical processing industries to achieve the efficiency enhancement, quality management, safety improvement. Recently, ICA (Independent Component Analysis) based MSPC (Multivariate Statistical Process Control) was widely used in process monitoring approaches. Moreover, DICA (Dynamic ICA) has been introduced to consider the system dynamics. However, the existing approaches show the limitation that their performances are strongly dependent on the statistical distributions of control variables. To improve the limitation, we propose a novel approach for process monitoring by integrating DICA and LOF (Local Outlier Factor). In this paper, we aim to improve the fault detection rate with the proposed method. LOF detects local outliers by using density of surrounding space so that its performance is regardless of data distribution. Therefore, the proposed method not only can consider the system dynamics but can also assure robust performance regardless of the statistical distributions of control variables. Comparison experiments were conducted on the widely used benchmark dataset, Tennessee Eastman process (TE process), and showed the improved performance than existing approaches.