• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2015

PURPOSES: It is theoretically well known all over the world, that porous hot mixed asphalt (HMA) with hydrated Lime improves moisture and rutting resistance, and reduces pothole occurrence frequency, as well as the life cycle cost (LCC). METHODS : Addictive in the two different formations of the liquid anti-stripping Agent and powder Hydrated-Lime was applied in this investigation in order to obtain relatively clear results according to their types and conditions. Firstly, the moisture conditions were set, and applied to the porous HMA mixtures with hydrated lime (anti-stripping agent). Next, it was followed by a non-destructive test with the application of three freeze-thaw cycles, which were individually carried out thrice to compare the results of the dynamic moduli. Lastly, the hydrated lime effect related to moisture sensibility to porous HMA has been verified through the analysis of the modulus results regarding the change rate of dynamic modulus per n-cycle. RESULTS: It is clear from this investigation, that the dynamic modulus is inversely proportional to the change in temperature, as the graph representing the rigidity of the thermorheologically simple (TRS) material showed gradual decline of the dynamic modulus with the increase in temperature. CONCLUSIONS: The porous HMA mixture with the anti-stripping agent (hydrated Lime) has been found to be more moisture resistant to freezing and thawing than the normal porous HMA mixture. It is clear that the hydrated lime helps the HMA mixture to improve its fatigue resistance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.176-185
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• 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate various levels of dolomitic lime incorporated as pre-planting fertilizers on the growth of red-leaf lettuce. To achieve this, three root media were formulated by mixing coir dust with expanded rice hull (CD+ERH, 8:2, v/v), carbonized rice hull (CD+CRH, 6:4, v/v), and ground pine bark (CD+GRPB, 6:4, v/v). During formulation, equal amounts of essential nutrients, except dolomitic lime, were incorporated into all root media and the levels of dolomitic lime were varied from 0 to $7.5g\;L^{-1}$ at 1.5 g increments. Seedlings of red-leaf lettuces at the 3rd leaf stage were transplanted into each medium treatment. Crop growths were measured 5 weeks after transplant and soil solutions were collected every week and analyzed for pH, EC, and nutrient concentrations. The treatments showing the heaviest fresh and dry weights in CD+ERH, CD+CRH, and CD+GRPB were 4.5 g, 4.5 g, and $7.5g\;L^{-1}$ of dolomite, respectively. The pHs of three root media yielding the highest crop growths were in the ranges of 6.4 to 7.1. These ECs in CD+CRH medium were around $1.0dS\;m^{-1}$ higher than those of CD+ERH and CD+GRPB when application rates of dolomitic lime were equal. $K^+$ concentrations were higher than $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations until week 2 in three root media. But $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations were higher than $K^+$ concentrations after week 3 in all root media. The concentrations of $PO_4{^{-3}}$ in all root media got abruptly lower until week 2. These results indicate that appropriate levels of dolomitic lime, as pre-planting nutrient charge fertilizers in CD+ERH and CD+GRPB media, are 4.5 and $7.5g\;L^{-1}$, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

Pear scab and rust are the major diseases causing severe epidemics in organic cultivation of pear trees. Incidences of pear scab and rust were compared in organically managed plots and conventionally managed plots to obtain optimum application schedule of environment-friendly control agents in organically managed plots. Organically cultural practice with 10 time-applications of lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture showed higher than 40% of control efficacies of pear scab and rust compared to conventionally cultural practice. Organically cultural practice with 8 time-applications of lime sulfur considering weather condition showed higher than 30% of control efficacies of pear scab compared to conventionally cultural practice. The results suggest that proper application of environment-friendly control agents such as lime sulfur considering weather condition will enable effective control of the major diseases for organic cultivation of pear.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.226-234
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• 2017

In order to reduce the accumulation of toxic metals (As, Cd and Pb) in the chives, various immobilizing agents such as a soil pH change-inducing immobilizing agent (lime), sorption agent (compost, spent mushroom compost), soil pH change and sorption agent (biochar) and, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) coagulator (gypsum) and uncontaminated soil were applied to the contaminated soils in isolation and in combination. Then chives were grown and determined for As, Cd and Pb concentrations accumulated in the edible part at harvest. The Cd and Pb concentrations of the chive plant grown in the contaminated soil (no treatment) exceeded the legislated Korean guideline values (Cd: $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb $0.1mg\;kg^{-1}$) and As concentration ($21mg\;kg^{-1}$) was 1,000 times higher than chives plant grown in uncontaminated environment in Korea. Application of lime and gypsum significantly reduced As, Cd and Pb concentrations in all chives examined, due to the increased soil pH and decreased soil DOC. Also, application of combination treatments involving DOC coagulator such as gypsum together with lime decreased As, Cd and Pb concentrations from 21, 1.3 and $9.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ to 2.1, 0.1 and $1.1mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Consequently, it was concluded that pH change-inducing immobilizing agent (lime) which was already well known and DOC coagulator such as gypsum could be used as a promising immobilizing agent for safer chives plant production.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of inoculation with Bradyrhizobia and lime types on the nutrient content and yield of peanut. Inoculation size of Bradyrhizobium sp. HCR-46 was $8.2{\times}10^7$ cells per seed. Slaked lime, magnesium lime, and calcium carbonate were applied in an amount required for neutralization of soil. 150kg of calcium sulfate was fertilized to 10a of the experimental field. Sowing space was $40{\times}25cm$ under vinyl mulching. Leaves and stems for assay were sampled at 100 day after sowing. The obrained results are as follows. 1. Number and dry weight of nodule as well as dry weight of aerial part of peanut plant increased by inoculation with B. sp. and were the highest in calcium carbonate application. 2. Inoculated with B. sp., the contents of T-N, $K_2O$, MgO, allantoin, ammonia, free amino acid and chlorophyll increased, but that of nitrate decreased. 3. The contents of T-N, free amino acid, and chlorophyll were higher in the treatment of calcium carbonate, those of $K_2O$, MgO, allantoin, ammonia were higher in magnesium lime application, and those of CaO and nitrate were higher in slaked lime fertilization than any other lime types. 4. Contents of total sugar and starch in stem at 100 days were higher in the treatment of uninoculation than inoculation with B. sp., and those were highest in the calcium sulfate application than the other lime types. 5. Inoculated with B. sp. length of main stem and number of pods increased significantiy. Yield of seed was higher in inoculation with B. sp. than in uninoculation by 64%, and in the order of carbonate, magnesium lime, slaked lime, in calcium sulfate and non-application was the contribution of soil treatments to yield increases.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 1975

On a newly reclaimed acidic soil, investigation was made to find out the influence of lime and P application at a largeg uantity on the uptake of Zn by corn and its distribution among the leaves, under afactorial combination with two levels of Zn, lime, and P. The results are summarized as following. 1. The application of lime for neutralization of soil significantly reduced the uptake of Zn by corn. 2. Liberal doses of P (5% of P absorption coefficient of soil; 500ppm) applied before sowing did not influence the uptake of Zn. 3. The concentration of Zn in bottom leaves better reflected the Zn uptake status of corn than the upper leaves. The concentration of Zn in bottom leaves responded clearly to the treatments of lime and Zn, while those of upper leaves tended to be constant unresponding to application of lime and Zn. 4. On the present experimental condition, the yield of corn was increased with the increase of P application. But the concentration of P in plant tissue remained constant under different P levels. 5. Application of lime (calcium hydroxide) on low P plots, depressed the yield of corn significantly. It was speculated that the lime applied at large dose made the applied P less available to corn.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a stabilization treatment for As contaminated soil. A combination of hydrated lime, Portland cement, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$, and NaOH were used as stabilizing agents. The effectiveness of stabilization treatment was evaluated by the Korean Standard Test (KST) method (1N HCl extraction). Sequential extractions were performed to investigate the As distribution after treatment. Following the application of the treatment, curing periods of up to 7 and 28days were investigated. The experimental results showed that a combination of hydrated lime/Portland cement was more effective than treatments of hydrated lime or Portland cement at immobilizing As in the contaminated soil. The treatment of 25wt% hydrated lime and 5wt% Portland cement was effective in reducing As leachability less than the Korean warning standard of 20 mg/kg. However, the treatments of hydrated lime and Portland cement failed to meet the Korean warning standard even when up to 30 wt% was used. The treatment utilizing hydrated lime and $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ was not effective in properly reducing As leachability. The addition of $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ was negative in terms of pH condition. Moreover, the treatment with hydrated lime/NaOH was effective in reducing As leachability but not as much as hydrated lime/Portland cement. The sequential extraction results indicated that the residual phase was greatly increased upon the treatment of hydrated lime/Portland cement. It was concluded that the hydrated lime/Portland cement treatment was the best among the other combinations studied at achieving trace As concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1984

Fermentation waste from beer production was applied to a newly developed upland soil to evaluate the effect of lime added sludge on corn growth. The mineralization of lime added sludge was faster than that of raw sludge without lime treatment in the upland condition. It was accelerated by low C/N ratio and high lime content in the lime added sludge. The plant growth and yields of corn increased as the sludge application rate increased and so was nitrogen and organic matter contents in soil. Ammonium volatilization is considered to be high in the lime added sludge and thus the raw sludge is more promising as an organic sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2005

In Korea, hundreds of abandoned and closed coal and metallic mines are present in the steep mountain valleys due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From these mines, enormous amounts of coal waste were dumped on the slopes, which causes sedimentation and acid mine drainage (AMD) to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on soil and water environments. A limestone slurry by-product (lime cake) is produced from the Solvay process in manufacturing soda ash. It has very fine particles, low hydraulic conductivities ($10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-9}cm/sec$), high pH, high EC due to the presence of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components, and traces of heavy metals. Due to these properties, it has potential to be used as a neutralizer for acid-producing materials. A field plot experiment was used to test the application of lime cake for reclaiming coal wastes. Each plot was 20 x 5 m (L x W) in size on a 56% slope. Treatments included a control (waste only), calcite ($CaCO_3$), and lime cake. The lime requirement (LR) for the coal waste to pH 7.0 was determined and treatments consisted of adding 100%, 50%, and 25% of the LR. The lime cake and calcite were also applied in either a layer between the coal waste and topsoil or mixed into the topsoil and coal waste. Each plot was hydroseeded with grasses and planted with trees. In each plot, surface runoff and subsurface water were collected. The lime cake treatments increased the pH of coal waste from 3.5 to 6, and neutralized the pH of the runoff and leachate of the coal waste from 4.3 to 6.7.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.21-31
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• 2002

Lime-soil consolidations are very important as structural material, bonding material, waterproofing material, and finishing material in korea traditional buildings. In this study, we investigated site application trouble in korea traditional buildings being repaired or restored, and propose following solutions. 1) To diminish quality variation occurred by slaking quick-lime in site, it is desirable to use slaked-lime for lime-soil consolidation. 2) For uniform construction of lime-soil consolidation, we would recommend builders to use mixer to be uniform mixture, premixed type materials and compacting machine in field, 3) and to use rigid suitable temporary construction as scaffold for preventing traditional buildings from additional damage occurred in demolition and construction of a layer of lime-soil consolidation of a roofing. 4) For suitable repair of traditional buildings, it is necessary to specify definitely materials and construction methods suggested by the standard specifications for repair of the cultural property.