• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2017

Objectives: To develop and investigate the reliability of the pathologic aging scale based on korean medical theory and korean medical pattern identification for dementia. Methods: We searched the textbook of korean neurophychiatry and Donguibogam and selected items through professional consensus. We compared between dementia(n=40) and normal elderly(n=38) and tested the reliability of two scales. Results: After professional consensus, we drafted the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale(12 items, Likert 3 scale) and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia(4 patterns, 28 items, Likert 5 scale). On Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale, There is no significant difference between two groups. We had good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.6) and test-retest reliability(r=0.631) but low inter-rater reliability(r=0.430). On Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia, dementia patients diagnosed with Qi deficiency are significantly more than those in normal group. We had fairly good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.574) and excellent test-retest(kappa= .800) and inter-rater reliability(kappa = .733). Conclusions: Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia is appropriate for diagnosing korean medical pattern. But Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale isn't appropriate to discriminate dementia from normal elderly because of many subjective items. Therefore objective measurement of sensory dysfunction would be needed to measure pathologic aging based on korean medical theory.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.563-572
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• 1998

The purpose of study was to develop and validate Korean Sleep Scale A which can be easily administrated by nurses for a wide range of adult subjects. Dimensions of sleep concept were derived by literature review. Previously developed sleep sclaes were also analyzed in order to develop scale items. The Korean sleep scale A was structured as a 15 item, 4 point likert type scale. The Scale was tested an 298 female and male adult subjects after pilottest and content validation. The results showed reliability by internal consistency of Cronbach's α=.75 Construct validity was tested by factor analysis and known group technique. Factor analysis showed 4 factors-sleep pattern, sleep evaluation, sleep result, and cause of sleep disturbance. These four factors explained 55.9% of total variance. Correlations between factors ranged from .15-.32. There was correlation among Korean Sleep ScaleA score, Verran and Snyder-Halpern(VSH) Sleep Scale score, and sleep satisfaction scale score, r=.71(p=.00), r=.51(p=.03), respectively, These study results partially support reliability, construct validity, and criterion related validity of Korean Sleep Scale A. Further validation study is required with other subjects and other settings.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-125
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to validate the IBQ scale (Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Rothbart, 1981). This study examined the validity, reliability and overall tendency of temperamental traits on the IBQ scale. The subjects were 453 mothers with 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-month-old infants (232 boys and 221 girls) living in Seoul and Chongju. The IBQ scale, was composed of 56 items (5-point Likert scales), was administered to mothers, using the interview method. Factor analysis revealed that a 6- factor solution was the best fit for the IBQ scale; positive emotionality, attention persistence, approach or withdrawal, negative emotionality, dis tractability and activity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ ranged from .61 to .79 for the subscales and .79 for the total scale. It was concluded that the IBQ scale in general is acceptable for use in Korea.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of acupuncture treatment on Hwa-byung patient's insomnia. Methods: The study was performed through a patient-assessor blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which the volunteers, data collectors and analysts were unaware of individuals who were receiving the treatment. A total of thirty-seven volunteers were divided into 2 groups. 18 subjects were placed into a trial group and 19 subjects into a control group by a randomization table. The trial group was treated on bilateral Shigu, Ahnmyun, B62 (Shinmaek), and K6 (Chohae), while the control group was not given any other treatment. The ISI(Insomnia Severity Scale) was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and then a comparative analysis was conducted by comparing the results with those measured by a Likert scale for major symptoms of Hwa-byung, PSQI, Hwa-byung scale, BDI, STAI, and STAXI. Results: In the ISI, PSQI, and the Likert scale regarding major symptoms of Hwa-byung, Hwa-byung scale, BDI, and STAI, more significant decreases were found in those concerning the trial group compared to those of the control group from a statistical perspective. However, in the STAXI, regarding the trial group, there was no significant decrease compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results suggest that acupuncture treatment is effective in the treatment regarding Hwa-byung patients who suffer from insomnia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.339-342
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• 2004

질적인 속성을 양적인 계열로 전환하여 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하는 과정에서 서스톤, 리커트, 어의분별 및 커트만 척도 등을 많이 활용한다. 이 측도들 중 우리는 리커트 척도에 대해 알아보고, 응답이 애매한 리커트 척도의 자료를 퍼지화하는 방법을 제안하고 그 자료에 대한 분석 방법을 연구하려고 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2005

질적인 속성을 양적인 계열로 전환하여 측정하는 방법으로서 설문의 최소 문항으로서 최대의 효과를 나타내기 위하여 한 항목을 k번 측정하여 평균과 $95\%$ 신뢰구간을 퍼지수로 한 데이터들을 리커트 척도로 활용하여 내분비방법에 의하여 검정을 하였다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2017

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.274-285
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• 1998

Improvements in therapy have resulted in increasing numbers of children being successfully treated for cancer. However the agrressiveness of therapy & uncertainty about prognosis are associated with many adverse effects, psychological as well as physical for both the child & family. The purpose of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty, self-efficacy & coping, and then to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty, self-efficacy & coping in parents of children cancer patients. The subjects of this study consist of 140 parents with pediatric cancer, registered at pediatric cancer ward & Out Patient Department. Data was collected from July 1st to August 15th 1998. The tools used in this study were Mishel's the Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (28 item, 4 likert scale), Shere's Self-Efficacy Scale (17 item, 5 likert scale) & Folkman & Lazarus Ways of Coping Checklist(34 items, 4 likert scale). Data was analyzed by t-test, Anova, Pearson Correlation coefficient. Results of this study are summerized as follows 1. Parents perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high(Mn 2.41). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components were followed as lack of clarity (2.60), unpredictability(2.59), ambiguity(2.51) & lack of information(1.90). The degree of perceived uncertainty of parents with pediatric cancer revealed to be influenced significantly by the family outcome, reliability about health care provider & perceived severity of illness. 2. The range of parents' self-efficacy was measured iron 35 to 85 point, so revealed slightly high. The degree of self-efficacy related to be Influenced signiicantly by the sequency of child birth, family religion & degree of perceived support. 3. The degree of parents' coping was measured slightly high (Mn 2.78). The degree of coping related to be influnced significantly by the sequency of child birth, number of sible & degree of perceived support. 4. parents' uncertainty was related inversely to the parents' self-efficacy(r=-.38, p<.001) & coping(r=-.26, p<.001). And also parents' self-efficacy was positively related to coping(r=.56, p<.001) From the above results, it can be concluded that predicting & controlling parents' uncertainty with children cancer are necessary to improve positive coping strategies. This information may be used as a foundation for developing nursing interventions to decrease perceived uncertainty & to foster self-efficacy & coping for parents with children cancer.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.151-166
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness, to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness and then to find the predictors of powerlessness in mother's of handicapped children. The subjects of this study consist of 102 mothers of handicapped children, registered at rehabilitation & handicapped children school. Data was collected from September 1998 to March 1999. The tools used in this study were Mishel's the Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (28 item, 4 likert scale), Miller's Powerlessness measurement Scale(28 itewt 4 likert scale) & Cohen's Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (40 items, 4 likert scale). Data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan comparison, Pearson Correlation coefficient & Stepwise multiple regression Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high(Mn 2.50). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components were followed as : lack of clarity(2.69), unpredictability(2.56), ambiguity(2.56) & lack of information(2.46). The degree of perceived uncertainty of the mothers of handicapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, admission experience, disability types of children. 2. The degree of mothers' powerlessness was measured to be slightly high(Mn 2.14). The degree of perceived powerlessness of the mothers with handicapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, duration of illness admission experience,8E marital status of the mothers. 3. Mothers perceived their social support to be slightly high(Mn 2.71). The degree of perceived social support revealed to be influenced significantly by sex of children, married state of mothers. 4. Mothers' uncertainty was related positively to the mothers' powerlessness(r=.33, p=.0008). And also mothers' powerlessness was related inversely to social support(r=-.50, p=.0001). But, mothers' uncertainty was not related to social support significantly. 5. To analyze the variables which affect powerlessness, stepwise regression was implemented. As a result, about 61% of the powerlessness were explained by social support, marital status of the mothers and perceived uncertainty. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the nurses, who are caring handicapped children and their families, provide various support programs for them to overcome their difficulties. Also programs which decrease the uncertainty & powerlessness used social support multidimensionally & individually are recommended to be developed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study is to develop and validate the scale measuring consumer empathic response to advertising drama. Through a series of consumer surveys and factor analyses, the Consumer Empathic Response to Advertising Scale (the CERA scale) containing 11-Likert format items was developed. The CERA scale consists of three factors which are empathic understanding, identification, and vicarious emotional response. The CERA scale improves the content validity of the existing consumer empathy scales by including identification factor which has been ignored.