• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Basidiomycetous fungi are one of the most potent biodegraders because many of its species grow on dead wood or litter, in environments rich in lignocellulose. For the degradation of lignocellulose, basidiomycetes utilize their lignocellulytic enzymes, which typically include laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4). In recent years, the practical applications of basidiomycetes have ranged from the textile to the pulp and paper industries, and from food applications to bioremediation processes and industrial enzymatic saccharification of biomass. Recently, spent mushroom substrates of edible mushrooms have been used as sources of bulk enzymes to decolorize synthetic dyes in textile wastewater. In this review, the occurrence, mode of action, general properties, and production of lignocellulytic enzymes from mushroom species will be discussed. We will also discuss the potential applications of these enzymes.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.19-19
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• 2014

Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and Flammulina velutipes are major edible mushrooms that account for over 89% of total mushroom production in Korea. Recently, Agrocybe cylindracea, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Hericium erinaceu are increasingly being cultivated in mushroom farms. In Korea, the production of edible mushrooms was estimated to be 614,224 ton in 2013. Generally, about 5 kg of mushroom substrate is needed to produce 1 kg of mushroom, and consequently about 25 million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is produced each year in Korea. Because this massive amount of SMC is unsuitable for reuse in mushroom production, it is either used as garden fertilizer or deposited in landfills, which pollutes the environment. It is reasonably assumed that SMS includes different secondary metabolites and extracellular enzymes produced from mycelia on substrate. Three major groups of enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, and lignin degrading enzymes are involved in breaking down mushroom substrates. Cellulase and xylanase have been used as the industrial enzymes involving the saccharification of biomass to produce biofuel. In addition, lignin degrading enzymes such as laccases have been used to decolorize the industrial synthetic dyes and remove environmental pollutions such as phenolic compounds. Basidiomycetes produce a large number of biologically active compounds that show antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic or hallucinogenic activities. However, most previous researches have focused on therapeutics and less on the control of plant diseases. SMS can be considered as an easily available source of active compounds to protect plants from fungal and bacterial infections, helping alleviate the waste disposal problem in the mushroom industry and creating an environmentally friendly method to reduce plant pathogens. We describe extraction of lignocellulytic enzymes and antimicrobial substance from SMSs of different edible mushrooms and their potential applications.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2019

Over a million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are generated as by-products of mushroom cultivation every year in Korea. Disposal of SMS by mushroom farmers is difficult, therefore, recycling solutions that do not harm the environment are necessary. SMS consists of mushroom mycelia and residues of fruiting bodies, containing a variety of bioactive substances, such as extracellular enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and secondary metabolites. This paper reviews utility of SMS for bioremediation, controlling plant disease, and production of lignocellulytic enzymes, organic fertilizer, and animal feed.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2012

큰느타리 수확 후 배지(spent mushroom compost, SMC)로부터 목질분해효소인 ${\alpha}$-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), ${\beta}$-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), ${\beta}$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4)가 다양한 buffer로 추출 되었으며 1 g SMC당 5 volume으로 첨가하고 2시간 동안 $4^{\circ}C$에서 200 rpm속도로 진탕배양 시에 최적 효소회수율을 보였다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase는 2.10에서 2.80 U/g (SMC)의 효소활성을 보였으며 ${\beta}$-glucosidase와 ${\beta}$-xylosidase는 0.1 U/g 이하의 가장 낮은 효소활성이 나타났다. Cellulase는 2.80 U/g와 xylanse는 5.0 U/g이상의 비교적 높은 효소회수율을 보였다. 큰느타리버섯 SMC 추출물은 상업용 laccase와 탈색효과 cellulase와는 filter paper분해활성을 비교하여 산업적 적용을 평가하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2013

느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus), 큰느타리버섯(Pleurotus eryngii), 팽이버섯(Flammulina velvtipes)과 노루궁뎅이버섯(Hericium erinaceum), 느티만가닥버섯(Lyophyllum ulmarium), 노랑느타리버섯(Pleurotus cornucopiae), 잣버섯(Lentinus lepideus), 버들송이버섯(Agrocybe cylindracea)의 수확 후 배지 (spent mushroom compost, SMC)로부터 ${\alpha}$-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), ${\beta}$-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), ${\beta}$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) 및 cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4)의 활성을 추출 buffer별로 조사하였다. 물과 0.25% Triton X-100가 효소 회수율이 높았으며 xylanase는 팽이버섯 SMC에서 153 U/g으로 가장 많이 생산되었으며 laccase는 큰느타리버섯 SMC에서 8.0 U/g로 가장 높았다. ${\alpha}$-amylase (3.6 U/g)와 cellulase (3.2 U/g)는 버들송이 SMC에서 가장 많이 생산되었다. 큰느타리버섯 SMC 추출물의 laccase와 cellulase 활성은 상용 효소와 필적하는 효소활성을 보여 산업적 이용 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2015

참나무와 소나무 목재에서 분리한 Gyrodontium sacchari 균주에 대한 균학적 특성과 목질계 섬유소 분해력을 검정하였다. 균주는 참나무와 소나무 목재에서 분리하였으며 배지는 potato dextrose agar (PDA)에서 가장 생장이 좋았고 생장온도는 참나무에서 분리한 NAAS02335 균주는 $25^{\circ}C$에서, 소나무 목재에서 분리한 NAAS05299 균주는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 우수한 생장을 보였다. 섬유소 분해 효소인 cellulase와 xylanase, amylase의 활성은 G. sacchari NAAS05299 균주가 6.7~12.8배 더 높았으며 리그닌 분해 효소는 G. sacchari NAAS02335 균주가 3.7~138.5배 활성이 더 높았으며 목질계 섬유소를 탄소원으로 첨가하였을 때 효소의 활성은 월등히 증가하였다. 목질계 바이오매스 분해력을 검정한 결과 G. sacchari NAAS05299 균주는 filter paper를 4주만에 완전히 분해하였고 볏짚과 미송, 참나무를 분해하였으나 G. sacchari NAAS02335 균주는 볏짚에서만 분해력을 나타내어 G. sacchari NAAS05299 균주가 더 우수한 바이오매스 분해 효과를 나타내었다.