• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 1991

This study was conducted a comprehensive survey of 39 elementary schools operating school lunch program in Seoul area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the realities of school lunch program. This method of the research was based on the interview survey with dietitian working at each school with prepared questionnaire. The survey was conducted for 16 days from Dec. 5 to Dec. 20., 1990. The results of this study were as follows ; (1) The average numbers of children supplied with food were 1,244 for each school. It was about 44.3Bb of the students enrolled in the school. The average feeding cost was 738 won per a child for a day. (2) Only one school was operating nutritional education as a regular educational program, and others were operating nutritional education off and on. (3) All nutrient intake except energy were higher than the RDA for school lunch program. (4) The ratio of animal food was 46.2%, and that of vegetable food was 53.8%. (5) The ratio of schools without sterilizer cabinet came to 56.4%, and that of schools without warmer was 97.4%. (6) The facilities for drainage, lighting, ventilation, anti-rat of a cookery were comparatively good.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07f
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• pp.2255-2258
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• 1997

We have develped the electronic ballast for 32watt/1 fluorescent lamp. in this research. the circuit is analyzed by the P-spice program and designed to match the ballast with the fluresecnt lamp characteristics. The power factor correction circuit has been designed with all passive elements and then achived the slim-line type ballast.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.53-57
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• 2002

조명프로그램에 대하여 널리 알려진 지금, 조명프로그램의 올바른 사용법 및 적용데이터의 중요성에 대하여 알아보려 한다. 조명프로그램을 실행하기 위한 최소한의 데이터는 "등기구 배광곡선 데이터"와 "마감재표면 속성 데이터"이다. 이번 논문에서는 적용되는 조건의 변경으로 어떠한 결과의 차이가 발생되는지 알아보고, 정확한 조명데이터의 축적과 적용의 중요성을 알아보겠다. 축적과 적용의 중요성을 알아보겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

This study aims to examine constraints on visits to urban community parks and to find ways to elevate the efficient use of parks. To achieve this, the study relied on empirical study method and the descriptive method; additionally, present condition survey was performed with a user interview, on the assumption that a park visit is a form of leisure. As a result, the item of 'insufficient lighting facilities' shows the highest mean and the item of 'low quality of park' follows Previous research also revealed that the item of 'the lack of lighting facilities' is a major factor on user dissatisfaction, so a design and management program for night time users are fully researched and elaborately accomplished. Also, the high response of 'low quality of park' shows that the park supply policy in Korea focusses mainly on quantity so far, and it shows that user's dissatisfaction for park facilities becomes one of the major constraints of park visit. The factor analysis, on the object of 35 items except 2 items, appeared 5 factors: accessibility, inner discord, companion, family matters, park-itself-matters. Oneway Anova test showed that 4 factors except 'park-itself-matters' have reliable difference in constraint cognition by age and education. The visit constraint of 'park-itself-matters' did not appear different by any personal characteristics. Without regard to personal characteristics, it is regarded that this factor has the greatest effect upon park visits. In general, people who are disadvantaged strongly cognize constraints even in leisure such as a park visit, which is a simple and inexpensive leisure activity. Therefore, a park like a pocket park, which is small but located in a neighborhood, is more needed than a central park like a symbolic and huge park in every new city. Careful concern for night activity should be accomplished in the planning process.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 2004

Demand-side Management can be defined as'any utility activity aimed at modifying customers' use of energy to produce desired changes in the utility's load shape'. Customers benefit by being able to control energy costs and improve quality of life and become more productive. Utilities benefit from DSM's value as a resource that enhances asset utilization and reduces both fuel costs and environmental emissions. The scope of DSM includes load management through rate schedules and conservation by improving energy effciency and using electricity consumption effectively. This paper study the DSM resource evaluation and customer behavior analysis todesign the DSM Program plan in response to customer needs. We develop basic system dynamics model to analysis the customer behavior based on a survey research. The DSM Program participants in the Hi- efficiency Inverter, Electric motor and efficient lighting applicancies operating by Conservation program 2002 become the survey objects. DSM resource evaluation evaluate firstt the distribution potentialities of each machine and then forecast the degree of diffusion. We apply the system dynamic approach to simulate the dynamic DSM market situation at the domestic beginning. This model will give the energy Planner the opportunity to create different scenarios for DSM program planning. Also it will lead to increased understanding of the dynamic DSM market

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.289-304
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• 2017

Large glazed surfaces and windows become common features in modern buildings. The spread of these features was influenced by the dependence of designers on mechanical and artificial systems to provide occupants with thermal and visual comfort. Countries with hot summer and cold winter conditions, like Jordan, require maximum shading from solar radiation in summer, and maximum exposure in winter to reduce cooling and heating loads respectively. The current research aims at designing optimized double-positioned external shading device systems that help to reduce energy consumption in buildings and provide thermal and visual comfort during both hot and cold seasons. Using energy plus, a whole building energy simulation program, and radiance, Lighting Simulation Tool, with DesignBuilder interface, a series of computer simulations for energy consumption and daylighting performance were conducted for offices with south, east, or west windows. The research was based on comparison to determine the best fit characteristics for two positions of adjustable horizontal louvers on south facade or vertical fins on east and west facades for summer and winter conditions. The adjustable shading systems can be applied for new or retrofitted office or housing buildings. The optimized shading devices for summer and winter positions helped to reduce the net annual energy consumption compared to a base case space with no shading device or with curtains and compared to fix shading devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.289-289
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• 2009

Light emitting diode(LED) has many advantages including lower energy consumption and longer lifetime and eco-friendly in comparison with traditional light sources. Spheric plastic lens generally used in LED lighting occurs aberration and ghost image which give displeasure and deteriorate vision quality in human eyes. Using the optical program (LightTools$^{TM}$, CodeV$^{TM}$), we were confirm the aberration and ghost image in optical simulation and employed aspheric lens form in the lens design to improve these problems. From the comparison of the simulation results between the aspheric lens and the spheric lens, we were ascertain to be improved both aberration and Ghost image.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.255-264
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• 2006

This study started from the premise that the satisfaction of visitors in large-scaled design-related fair has co-relation with the environmental and contextual factors such as contents, lighting, the number and location of rest area, crowdedness, ventilation and circulation. The research was made in Seoul Living Design Fair 2005. 102 samples from 132 who answered to the questionnaire with likert-scaled and open questions were selected for the data, which were statistically analyzed through SPSS 12.0 program to explore the co-relation between the environmental factors and the satisfaction level of visitors. The findings showed that overall satisfaction level was in the middle of the scale, which means satisfied nor unsatisfied. The visitors showed relatively high satisfaction in the two factors-the contents of the fair and lighting system compared to the other factors such as the number and location of rest area, sign system, ventilation crowdedness and circulation. Even though the visitors had difficulties in circulation and showed various types in circulation, it did not seem to have a significant influence on the overall satisfaction level because it might be offset by the contents of the fair. Also, the visitors showed similar satisfaction level regardless of the type of circulation. It can be concluded that the main factors mentioned above should be considered to achieve higher satisfaction level and provide better environment in the large-scaled fair.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

In the present, most lighting simulation programs are based on luminaires data produced at overseas. Currently, it is difficult to use proper domestic luminaire database in most lighting simulation programs, because there are only oversea luminaire database available. Therefore, in this study, domestic luminaire database were developed and categorized, and applied to Internet Web-based RADIANCE rendering system. Luminaire database are constructed with 3D modeling, materials, and IES candlepower distribution data of each luminaire.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the remodeling of apartments housing unit according to the area type and size in order to provide useful information for future plans for more consumer-friendly dwelling units. To achieve this goal quantitative data analyses were employed. The sample was a total of 100 apartments analysed in previous researches conducting case studies on apartments remodeling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN program package in terms of frequency, percentage, and x2-test. The results of the study are as follows: The change of finishing materials were made in almost all of the sample. 6.4, 8.6 and 10.6 categories were altered in the small, medium, and large apartments respectively out of 21 remodeling categories. In the case of communal areas, change of finishing materials and installation, removal, and change of lighting fixtures were most frequent. The most frequent alteration in private areas was also observed In change of finishing materials and installation, removal and change of lighting fixtures.