• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the low power Helium Neon-Infra Red(HeNe-IR) laser and the special electromagnetic therapeutic apparatus stimulation, which is usually designated as TDP by using the initial of Tending Diancibo Pu which is the Chinese inscribed with English, on wound healing in rat. The seventy-five Sprague-Dawley adult female and male rats were assigned to the experimental and control groups. Each rat was anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and three full-thickness incisions with 12mm length wert made on the back of the half cf the rats and three deep second degree burns were made on the back of the remainder of the rats. From 34 hours after being injured, the rats of the experimental laser group were irradiated with the 157mW electric power HeNe-IR laser for 2 minutes every day and the rats of the experimental TDP group were stimulated with TDP irradiation with the 4km spot distance for 20 minutes every day during the 17 days. The rats were sacrificed and the wound parts of its were incised on the first day, 4th day, 7th day, 10th day and 17th day respectively after the beginning of wound treatment with laser and TDP irradiation. The incised wound parts were processed appropriately for the light microscopic and electron microscopic examination. The length of incised wound was measured with microcaliper before the wound part was incised. There was a significant decrease in the length of the incised wound of the experimental laser and TDP group, compared with that of control group at 4th day, 7th day and 10th day(p<0.01) after surgery. Through the histological examination of the wound site, the more rapid epithelialization and collagen formation in experimental groups were showed, compared with control group. The histological results were analyzed and summarized as the follows; The epidermis begins to be regenerated and the granulation tissue begins to be changed to the mature pattern in the H-E stained incised skin of the laser and TDP treatment group on the 4th day. The epidermis shows the complete regeneration and the granulation tissue in the dermis in mostly to be matured in the laser and TDP treatment group on the 7th day, compared with control group. The chronic inflammatory cells are oberved and the necrosis of the collagen fibers are partially observed in control group on the 10th day. The dermis of the laser and TOP treatment group reveals relatively compactly arranged collgen bundles with the mature collagen fibers on the 10th day. The epidermis and dennis of the laser and TDP group are repaired normally and the hair follicles are well regenerated on the 17th day. The mild edema and the granulation tissue is observed in the dermis of the control groups and the delayed treatment process is observed on the 17th day. The Most of proliferated collagen fibrils are found to be compact and regular in electron micrograph of burn skin of the laser treatment group on the 10th day hut the interstitial eadema and some inflammatory cells are found in the control group. The above results suggest that through the visual and histological examination the epithelized epithelium and the proliferation of the collagen liters in the dermis occur very effectively with the low power laser treatment and the TDP treatment in the incised wound healing and the burn wound healing.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.238-248
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• 1999

Purpose : To assess the histomorphologic changes in the rat lung injury induced by radiation, to determine whether captopril reduces the rat lung injury and to evaluate change in TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ in rat lung damage by radiation and captopril Methods and material : Right lungs in male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided irradiation alone (10, 20, 30 Gy) or radiation (same dose with radiation alone group) with captopril (500 mg/L). Radiation alone group were sacrificed at twelve hours and eleven weeks after radiation and radiation with captopril group (captopril group) were sacrificed at eleven weeks after radiation with captopril. We examined the light microscope and electron microscopic features in the groups. Results : In radiation alone group, there were patch parenchymal collapse and consolidation at twelve hours after radiation. The increase of radiation dose shows more prominent the severity and broader the affected areas. Eleven weeks after radiation, the severity and areas of fibrosis had increased in proportion to radiation dose given in the radiation alone group. There was notable decrease of lung fibrosis in captopril group than in radiation alone group. The number of mast cells rapidly increased with increase of radiation dose in radiation alone group and the degree of increase of mast cell number and severity of collagen accumulation more decreased in captopril group than in radiation alone group. In radiation alone group, expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ increased according to increase of radiation dose at twelve hours after radiation in both group. At eleven weeks after radiation, expression of TGF-${\beta}$ increased according to increase of radiation dose in radiation group but somewhat decreased in captopril group. In the captopril group the collagen deposition increased but less dense than those of radiation alone group. The severity of perivascular thickening, capillary change, the number and degranulation of mast cells more decreased in the captopril group than in the radiation alone group. Conclusion : It is concluded that the effect of captopril in the rat lungs after radiation was considered to be due to its effect on inhibition of mast cells and reduction of collagen deposition, and captopril may be protect in lung damage after radiation. We observed expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ increased at the early phase after radiation and expression of TGF-${\beta}$ increased in proportion to increase of radiation dose at the chronic phase after radiation. This results will contribute to future investigation in reduction mechanism of captopril in lung damage after radiation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.264-275
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• 2014

This study evaluated the improving efficacy of Lespedeza cuneata ethanol extract on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were respectively $134.98{\pm}1.70$ and $16.20{\pm}0.05$ mg/g, respectively. The superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and electron-donating ability of the extract were shown to be dependent on concentration, and the antioxidant ability was shown to be more effective in superoxide anion radical scavenging activity than in electron-donating ability under the same concentration conditions. In the in vivo test conducted using hairless mouse with skin photoaging induced by UVB irradiation, the skin erythema of the groups treated with the extract (AS) reduced to 28% of the control, and the skin moisture content increased to 131%.. The extract treatment of the UV-damaged skin improved the morphological and histopathological state of the skin. Furthermore, the SOD, GST and CAT activities in the skin tissue of the AS group increased, and the XO activity and TBARS generation decreased. With regard to the genes related to the photoaging skin, the expression of PAK, p38, c-Fos, c-Jun, TNF-${\alpha}$ and MMP-3 in the skin of the AS group were found to have decreased. It was therefore concluded that Lespedeza cuneata ethanol extract can reduce wrinkle formation in the skin due to the regulation of the gene expression caused by the exposure to UVB light.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.478-485
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• 2011

Merocyanine derivatives transformed from spiropyran-containing compounds by irradiating the light of ultraviolet (UV) include zwitterion of phenolate anion and amine cation. Complexation of this phenolate anion on merocyaninemodified surface and Ni ion among metal ions led to a change of surface charge and it was measured with kelvin prove force microscopy (KFM). We found that the resultant surface potential decreased linearly as UV-exposed time increased, and finally were saturated. Also it was analyzed through XPS the immobilized amount of Ni ions was increased according to increase of UV-exposed time. It is considered that these properties could be applied for detection and a quantitative control of different metal ions. Further research is to aim construct specific scaffold/matrix which enable high selective, high sensitive and, especially, a quantitative immobilization of metal ions-binding biomaterials such as proteins and cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.701-713
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the Nd:YAG lased root surface followed by root planing and/or tetracyline-HCI(T.C.-HCI) conditioning. $30,4mm{\times}4mm$ root segments were obtained from unerupted third molars and 21, periodontally involved root segments. The treatment groups were as follows : (1) healthy root cementum surface groups : 1) control(non-treated group), 2) lased only, 3) lased/root planed, and 4) lased/T.C.-HCI. (2) diseased root cementum surface groups : 1) control(root planed only), 2) lased/root planed, and 3) lased/root planed/T.C.-HCI. The specimens were treated with a Nd:YAG laser using a $320{\mu}m$ noncontact optic fiber handpiece with an energy setting of 1.5W($114.6J/cm^2$), 2.0W($152.9J/cm^2$), 5.0W($382J/cm^2$) for one minute. The fiber was held perpendicular to the petri dish(NUNC) 2cm apart in an attempt to expose the entire root segments equally. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from explants of normal interdental gingival tissue obtained during third morlar extraction. The attachment assay was performed with third-generation fibroblasts. The numbers of gingival fibroblasts attached to the root surface were counted on each specimen under the light microscope, and were statistically analyzed by the oneway ANOVA followed by Tukey's test in SPSS/PC+programs. The results were as follows : 1) In healthy root cementum surfaces, lased/root planed groups exhibited a significantly increased fibroblast attachment compared to controls, lased only, and lased/T.C.-HCI groups(p<0.05), 2) In diseased root cementum surfaces, laser treatment followed by root planing and/or T.C.HCl groups exhibited a increased tendency of fibroblast attachment compared to root planed only group. The results suggest that laser treatment followed by root planing and/or T.C.-HCl would appear necessary so as to render the root surface biocompatible.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 1998

Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) is a popular lawn grass in the southeastern USA. It has a naturally light green color and grows well on a wide range of soil types. Studies show limited morphological variation present in centipedegrass germplasm. To obtain the high morphological variation, plants were established from the irradiated seed at 10 Kr, allowed to interpollinate and harvested bulk seed, and then irradiated again for the next cycles. Morphological characteristics were measured in the 5 genetic varition lines (TC201 : cv. Common and non irradiated, TC202 : 4th cycles, TC241 : 6th cycles, TC306 : 8th cycles, and TC318 : 5th cycles) induced by recurrent gamma radiation. The ranges of variation of recurrently radiated centipedegrass lines < TC202, TC241 and TC306 except TC318(TifBlair) > for the stolons per plant, total stolon length per plant, longest stolon length, leaf length and width at top-most exposed internode were wider than those of non-irradiated line (TC201). Recurrent gamma radiation was very effective to enlarge the ranges of variation of morphological characteristics in reproductive organ like stolons of centipedegrass. The effect of quantity of gamma ray irradiation cycles on the means and ranges of variation in the morphological characteristics of centipedegrass was not regularly tended.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 2009

Objective : A mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) could further increase our basic understanding of the mechanisms involved in injury and repair of the nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether methods used to produce and evaluate photochemical graded ischemic SCI in rats, could be successfully adapted to mice, in a reliable and reproducible manner. Methods : Thirty female imprinting control region mice (weighting 25-30 g, 8 weeks of age) were used in this study. Following intraperitoneal injection of Rose bengal, the translucent dorsal surface of the T8-T9 vertebral laminae of the mice were illuminated with a fiber optic bundle of a cold light source. The mice were divided into three groups; Group 1 (20 mg/kg Rose bengal, 5 minutes illumination), Group 2 (20 mg/kg Rose bengal, 10 minutes illumination), and Group 3 (40 mg/kg Rose bengal, 10 minutes illumination). The locomotor function, according to the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, was assessed at three days after the injury and then once per week for four weeks. The animals were sacrificed at 28 days after the injury, and the histopathology of the lesions was assessed. Results : The mice in group 1 had no hindlimb movement until seven days after the injury. Most mice had later recovery with movement in more than two joints at 28 days after injury. There was limited recovery of one joint, with only slight movement, for the mice in groups 2 and 3. The histopathology showed that the mice in group 1 had a cystic cavity involving the dorsal and partial involvement of the dorsolateral funiculi. A larger cavity, involving the dorsal, dorsolateral funiculi and the gray matter of the dorsal and ventral horns was found in group 2. In group 3, most of the spinal cord was destroyed and only a thin rim of tissue remained. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the photochemical graded ischemic SCI model. described in rats, can be successfully adapted to mice, in a reliable and reproducible manner. The functional deficits are correlated an increase in the irradiation time and, therefore, to the severity of the injury. The photothrombotic model of SCI, in mice with 20 mg/kg Rose bengal for 5 minutes illumination, provides an effective model that could be used in future research. This photochemical model can be used for investigating secondary responses associated with traumatic SCI.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish an efficient screening method of membrane-disrupting herbicides, based on the result that membrane leakage leading to evolution of carbonyl compounds and aldehydes could be colorimetrically assessed by formation of stable chromophores with MBTH and ferric chloride. Assay conditions including plant material, light intensity, irradiation time, concentrations of reagents for colorization, and reaction time were optimized, and activities of different types of known herbicides were investigated with cucumber cotyledon discs. That result indicated that this assay was sensitive to membrane-disrupting herbicides, such as protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors (acifluorfen, oxyfluorfen, oxadiazon) and an electron interceptor from photosystem I(paraquat). With seven compounds newly synthesized, highly positive correlation was observed between herbicidal activities measured by greenhouse bioassay and MBTH method. Because only a single disc(4 mm diameter) from cucumber cotyledon in 60 ${\mu}L$ of incubation solution was required to assay, a large number of herbicides could be tested simultaneously using 96-well microtitre plates. But the assay efficiency is not likely to significantly increase because of the boiling step during the reaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.817-822
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• 2008

In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in TiO$_2$ particles-dispersed water solution was carried out by irradiating microwave and UV light simultaneously. A microwave-discharged electrodeless UV lamp was developed to use microwave and UV simultaneously for photocatalytic reactions. The results of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue showed that the decomposition rate increased with the microwave intensity, the circulating fluid velocity, and the amount of TiO$_2$ particles and auxiliary oxidizing agents added. Especially, the rate constant of H$_2$O$_2$-added photocatalytic reaction increased about three times from 0.0075 min$^{-1}$ to 0.0250 min$^{-1}$ when microwave was additionally irradiated. This study demonstrates that the microwave irradiation can play a very important role in photocatalytic degradation using peroxides although it is not easy to quantitatively assess the effect of microwave on photocatalytic reactions from the experimental data of this study.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.344-350
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• 2012

New pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) for polarizer film were prepared by electron beam (e-beam) radiation to acrylic copolymers, and their adhesive properties were investigated. The acrylic copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization of $n$-butylacrylate (BA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and acrylic acid (AA). The acrylic copolymers were coated on PET release films to a thickness of 25 ${\mu}m$, laminated to polarizer films, and then radiated with e-beam at room temperature. Gel fractions of all the acrylic copolymers after e-beam radiation at 50 kGy were higher than 93%, and their crosslinking densities were increased with increasing the content of HEMA units. PSA prepared by e-beam radiation of acrylic copolymer synthesized with a feed ratio of BA/HEMA/AA = 89.5/10/0.5 (w/w/w) at a dose of 50 kGy exhibited the best adhesion performances in terms of peel strength, creep resistance, durability and reliability, and light leakage. It is expected that the preparation method of PSAs via e-beam irradiation will improve the producibility and workability of polarizer film for liquid crystal display.