• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권2호통권95호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

This paper presents the principle and experimental results of a non-contact surface roughness measurement by means of screen projected pattern of lase beam reflected from a polished surface. In the reflected laser beam pattern especially from a fine surface like ground or polished one, light intensity varies from the center fo the image to its boundary as the Gaussian distribution. The standard deviation of a light intensity distribution is assumed to be a good non-contact estimator for measuring the surface roughnes, because the light reflectivity is known to be well related with the surface roughness. This method doesn't need to discriminate between the specularly reflected light and the diffusely reflected one, whereas the scattered laser intensity method must do. Nor it needs to adjust the change of light intensity caused by environmental lights or specimen materials. Reflected laser beam pattern narrowly spreads out in the vertical direction to tiny scratches on the polished surface due to abrasives. The deeper the scratch the more the dispersion, which means the rougher surface. The standard deviation of the pattern is nearly in proportion to the surface roughness. Measurement errors by this method are shown to be below 10 percent compared with those obtained by a common contact method. The inclination of measuring unit from the normal axis causes the measurement errors up to 10 percent for an angle of 4 degree. Therefore the proposed method can be used as an on-the-machine quick roughness estimator within 10 percent measurement error.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2021

A machine vision inspection system consists of a camera, optics, illumination, and image acquisition system. Especially a scanning system has to be made to measure a large inspection area. Therefore, a machine vision line scan camera needs a line scan light source. A line scan light source should have a high light intensity and a uniform intensity distribution. In this paper, an offset calibration and slope calibration methods are introduced to obtain a uniform light intensity profile. Offset calibration method is to remove the deviation of light intensity among channels through adding intensity difference. Slope calibration is to remove variation of light intensity slope according to the control step among channels through multiplying slope difference. We can obtain an improved light intensity profile through applying offset and slope calibration simultaneously. The proposed method can help to obtain clearer image with a high precision in a machine vision inspection system.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1055-1056
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• 2013

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of environmental factors such as soil moisture, light intensity, temperature and humidity on changes in cambial electrical resistance. To improve data quality, cambial electrical resistance was continuously measured at fixed points by using a data logger isolated from alternating current. The relationship between environmental factors and changes in cambial electrical resistance was also analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. Cambial electrical resistance is highly correlated to the temperature of the measured area(r=-0.934). Therefore, temperature compensation is needed to analyze the effects of other environmental factors on cambial electrical resistance changes. 2. If temperature is compensated for, the change of cambial electrical resistance is highly correlated to water vapor pressure(r=-0.836). 3. If temperature and humidity are compensated for, the change of cambial electrical resistance is highly correlated to intensity of light(r=-0.738). 4. Diurnal deviation of soil water potential is not more significantly related than the change of cambial electrical resistance. However, in the long-term, soil water potential and cambial electrical resistance are highly correlated(r=-0.831). This indicates that soil moisture significantly influences the long-term change of cambial electrical resistance.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2020

군락 광합성 모델의 도출을 위하여 생육 챔버가 필요하며, 이를 위한 광합성의 효율적인 측정 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 내부 환경 제어가 가능한 생육 챔버를 이용하여 광도 및 이산화탄소 농도 변수를 갖는 로메인상추(Lactuca sativa L.)의 군락 광합성 곡선을 도출하는 방법을 확립하는 것이다. 실험에 사용한 상추는 식물공장 모듈에서 재배되었으며, 군락 광합성을 측정하기 위하여 아크릴로 제작된 생육 챔버(1.0x0.8x0.5m)를 이용하였다. 첫 번째로, 다음의 두 방법을 적용하여 측정된 군락 광합성 속도를 통해 각 방법의 시정수를 계산하여 비교하였다. 즉, 1) CO₂ 농도를 고정(1,000μmol·mol^-1) 하고 광도를 변화(340, 270, 200, and 130μmol·m^-2·s^-1) 시키거나, 2) 광도를 고정(200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)하고 CO₂ 농도를 변화(600, 1,000, 1,400, and 1,800μmol·mol^-1) 시켰다. 두 번째로, 1)과 2)의 방식을 적용하여 군락 광합성을 측정했을 때, 특정 광도(200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)와 특정 CO₂ 농도(1,000μmol·mol^-1)에서 측정된 군락 광합성 속도 값을 비교하였다. 실험 결과 CO₂ 농도를 변화시키는 방식의 시정수는 광도를 변화시키는 방식에 비해 3.2배 큰 값을 나타내었다. 광도를 변화시키며 측정할 때 군락 광합성 속도는 1분 이내에 안정되었고, CO₂ 농도를 변화시킬 경우에는 6분 이상의 시간이 소요되었다. 따라서 광도를 변화시키는 측정 방식이 생육 챔버를 이용하여 작물의 군락 광합성 속도를 측정할 때 적합한 방식임을 확인하였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

With an attempt to suppress the moiré phenomenon caused by the interference between the black matrix of a display panel and the metal grid of a camera, we have fabricated an anti-moiré filter using light diffusing particles (LDPs) with the average diameter of 20 ㎛. It is demonstrated that the anti-moiré filter coated on a glass substrate (370 mm × 470 mm) using a table slot-die coater reduces the moiré intensity to a great extent when the area covered by LDPs is 50%. To quantify the intensity of moiré phenomenon, we have measured the lightness ratio and found that it is reduced from 132.12 down to 105.71 by the filter. To find the optimum area covered by LDPs, we have performed ray tracing simulations using Mie scatters as a substitute for LDPs. From the simulated irradiation distribution, we have calculated the standard deviation (SD) and contrast ratio (CR) to evaluate the moiré strength. As expected, the SD and CR values decrease with increasing covered area by LDPs. However, there exists a trade-off between the transmittance of the filter and its capability of reducing the moiré intensity in determining the area covered by LDPs.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2001

A light beam reflected from a machined surface generally containes information concerning about its surface roughness. This study examines and proposes a surface roughness measurement technique for on-machine measurement of machined surfaces. The technique is based on the measurement of a reflected laser beam pattern and the statistical analysis of its light intensity distribution. The surface roughness was found to be closely related to the standard deviation of the light intensity on the primary axis of the reflected pattern. An image acquisition device is made up of a laser diode, a half mirror, a screen, and a CCD camera. The exact image with the primary and secondary axes of a reflected laser beam pattern is calculated through such image processing algorithm as thresholding, edge detection, image rotation, segmentation, etc. A median filter and a surrounding light correction algorithm are improve the image quality and reduce the measuring error. Using the developed measuring device the effect of screen materials and workpiece and workpiece materials was investigated. Experimental results regarding to relatively high-quality surfaces machined by grinding, polishing, lapping processes have shown the measurement error is within 10% in the range of $0.1{mu}m~0.8{\mu}m R_q.$Therefore, the proposed method is thought to be effectively used when quick measurements is needed with workpieces fixed on the machine.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1775-1777
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• 2005

In this paper, maximum output of three different temperature conditions of the photovoltaic modules have been tested and compared to obtain the optimum conditions for the maximum power operation. Temperatures of the cell and module have been set to $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{circ}C$ under the constant light intensity of 1kW/$m^2$. 125${\times}$125mm 36 single crystal solar cells having 80 [W] each have been serially connected in the module. From the results, maximum output deviation of 4.67% has been obtained under the ceil temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and module temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ while minimum deviation of 0.41${\sim}$0.92% has been measured under the same temperatures of cell and module. Therefore it has been found that the temperature of both cell and module should be fixed to $25^{\circ}C$ to obtain stable data unless the temperature coefficient should be compensated for the testing sample.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2022

본 연구는 환경측정용 센서 위치에 따른 온실 환경의 공간·수직적 특성을 조사하고 온실 종류에 따른 온도, 광도 및 CO₂ 농도 간의 상관관계를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 벤로형 온실의 공간적인 5지점을 선정한 후 각 지점에서 대표적 작물의 수직적 높이 4지점과 지면부, 지붕 공간에 온도, 상대습도, CO₂, 엽온 및 광센서를 설치하였다. 벤로형 온실과 반밀폐형 온실에서 온도, 광도 및 CO₂ 농도 변화의 관계성을 Curve Expert Professional 프로그램을 이용하여 비교하였다. 벤로형 온실의 공간적 위치에 따른 편차는 CO₂ 농도가 다른 요인보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. CO₂ 농도는 평균 465-761µmol·mol^-1 범위였고, 편차가 가장 큰 시간대는 오후 5시였으며, 최고 농도는 액화 탄산가스 공급장치의 메인 배관(50Ø)과 가까운 위치인 중앙 후부(Middle End, 4ME)에서 646µmol·mol^-1, 최저농도는 좌측 중앙(Left Middle, 5LM)에서 436µmol·mol^-1이었다. 수직적 위치에 따른 편차는 온도와 상대습도가 다른 요인보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 평균 기온의 편차가 가장 큰 시간대는 오후 2시대이며, 최고 기온은 작물 위 공기층(Upper Air, UA)에서 26.51℃, 최저 기온은 작물의 하단부(Lower Canopy, LC)에서 25.62℃였다. 평균 상대습도의 편차가 가장 큰 시간대는 오후 1시대로 나타났으며, 최고 습도는 LC에서 76.90%, 최저 습도는 UA에서 71.74%이다. 각 시간대에 평균 CO₂ 농도가 가장 높은 수직적 위치는 지붕 공간 공기층(Roof Air, RF)과 시설 내 지면(Ground, GD)이었다. 온실 내 온도, 광도 및 CO₂ 농도의 관계성은 반밀폐형 온실의 경우 결정계수(r²)가 0.07, 벤로형 온실은 0.66이었다. 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 온실 내 CO₂ 농도는 공간적 분포, 온도와 습도는 작물의 수직적 분포 차이를 측정하여 분석할 필요가 있고 환기율이 낮은 반밀폐형 온실의 경우 목표 CO₂ 시비 농도가 일반 온실과 다르게 설정해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1999

영상처리 방법에 의한 핵연료봉의 제원을 측정하기 위하여 영상처리 소프트웨어를 개발하고 핵연료봉의 직경을 측정하였다. 카메라와 시험체간의 거리, 카메라 위치, 조명세기 및 조명종류와 같은 요소가 핵연료봉 제원 측정에 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 영상처리 방법에 의한 핵연료봉 직경의 백분율 측정 상대오차는 4.88%이고 백분율 측정 표준편차는 ${\pm}3.34%$였다. 한편 영상처리 방법이 아닌 기존 방법에 의한 백분율 측정 상대오차는 12.77%이고 백분율 측정 표준편차는 ${\pm}9.72%$였으며, 영상처리 방법에 의한 직경 측정 정확도가기존 방법에 의한 결과보다 약 3배정도 향상되었다.