• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2011

To evaluate heat environment surrounding plants diurnal change of leaf temperature in the broad-leaved deciduous and evergreen trees was measured with microclimatic environmental factors including global solar radiation, and upward and downward long wave radiation. Maximum daily solar radiation was 961.2 and 976.3 w/$m^2$ in August 9 and 23, respectively. Upward long wave radiation was slightly higher than downward long wave radiation, showing 404.2 w/$m^2$ in August 9 and 394.5 w/$m^2$ in August 23. In addition, daily maximum vapor pressure deficit was 5.42 and 6.84 kPa in August 9 and 23, respectively, indicating high evaporative demand. Quercus glauca and Acer mono was differently responded to changing light regimes. On August 9, leaf temperature at the top-positioned leaves of Acer plants was higher than air temperature as well as those of Quercus plants in the morning. This indicates that stomata in Acer plants were closed by heat stress or water stress in the morning, while Quercus plant maintained active transpiration by opening stomata. These results indicated that improved light regimes such as gap opening in the closed forest may not always affect positively in the physiology of understory plants.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 윌리엄 포크너의 작품 세계를 관통하는 남부 신화에 대한 재고라는 측면에서 그 신화의 실체 혹은 신화라는 허상에 대한 주제의식을 가지고 타자에 대한 폭력, 혹은 작가로서의 고뇌를 다 아우를 수 있는 공통점을 찾고자한다. 특히 "팔월의 빛"에 나타난 제퍼슨 사회가 미셸 푸코가 말한 판옵티콘 메커니즘과 평행을 이루며 타자에 대한 폭력을 정당화하는 과정을 살펴본다. 푸코는 인간 본성의 기저에 깔려있는 감시와 처벌의 담론을 문학 작품의 장으로 옮겨 적용할 수 있는 메커니즘을 제공하고 있다. 이를 통하여 남부신화를 구성하는 감옥의 체계와 법체계를 초월하는 린치의 문제까지 한 사회가 저지르는 집단적인 반도덕적 행위에 대한 고발은 작가로서의 그의 양심과 도덕성에 대한 고뇌의 산물인 점을 파악한다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제36권spc1호
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• pp.45-47
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• 2003

A white light flare was observed at the limb on 16 August 1989 in He 10830 ${\AA}$ spectra, H$\alpha$ slit jaw photo-grams, and white light filter-grams of ${\lambda}=5600{\AA}{\pm}800{\AA}$. The kernels of the white light flare are not spatially related with Ha brightenings, suggesting that the flare energy would be released at the photosphere.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2002

경남 지역의 단감원에서 2000­2001년에 수은유아등과 2001년에 갈색날개노린재의 집합페로몬(methyl (E, E, Z)-2, 4, 6-decatrienoate)) 트랩을 이용하여 갈색날개노린재(Plautia stali)와 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomorpha halys)의 발생소장을 조사하였다. 유아등 조사결과 썩덩나무노린재는 6월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 8월 상ㆍ중순이 최성기이었다. 갈색날개노린재는 썩덩나무노린재와는 달리 유살 최성기가 뚜렷하지 않았는데, 主 유인시기는 2개년 모두 7월 중순­8월 하순이었다. 두 종 모두 9월 이후에는 거의 유살되지 않았다. 집합페로몬 트랩에 의한 유살 양상은 유아등에 의한 유살양상과 달랐다. 집합페로몬 트랩조사 결과, 두 종 모두 5월 중순부터 8월 하순까지 꾸준히 유인되었다. 썩덩나무노린재는 유인수가 적어 주 발생시기가 뚜렷하지 않았고, 갈색날개노린재는 지역에 따라 6월 하순부터 8월 하순 사이에 많이 유살되었다. 갈색날개노린재는 수은유아등 보다는 집합페로몬 트랩에, 썩덩나무노린재는 수은유아등에 더 많이 유인되었다. 또한 집합페로몬 트랩에는 두 종 모두 수컷보다 암컷이 더 많이 유인되었다. 두 종류의 트랩에 의한 유살소장 차이의 원인을 탄닌함량과 연관지어 고찰하였다.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.311-335
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• 2014

Those who are damned in Light in August (1932) include Lena Grove, Joe Christmas as well as Gail Hightower. Through these characters, William Faulkner criticizes the confrontation between the North and the South after Civil War, religious fundamentalism, and racial discrimination which were great social issues in the twentieth century American society. The main characters are commonly isolated from the community through their grandfather's influence instead of father, which lets Americans understand that their faults originated from the beginning of America. Although they tend to approach to the community from their isolation, the damned are refused from the community. However, Faulkner would not lose his hope even on the ground of Christmas's death. By evoking from Hightower and Bunch their responses for good, Lena can draw Hightower into the community, and create her home with Bunch as a final victor. Even in the community being rampant with racial hatred, which most of Americans can not but face with, Faulkner can provide us with a ray of hope through these three characters.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2009

House-residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets have achieved some success in controlling anthropophilic and endophagic vectors. However, these methods have relatively low efficacy in Korea because Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector, is highly zoophilic and exophilic. So, we focused our vector control efforts within livestock enclosures using ultraviolet black light traps as a mechanical control measure. We found that black light traps captured significantly more mosquitoes at 2 and 2.5 m above the ground (P<0.05). We also evaluated the effectiveness of trap spacing within the livestock enclosure. In general, traps spaced between 4 and 7m apart captured mosquitoes more efficiently than those spaced closer together (P>0.05). Based on these findings, we concluded that each black light trap in the livestock enclosures killed 7,586 female mosquitoes per trap per night during the peak mosquito season (July-August). In May-August 2003, additional concurrent field trials were conducted in Ganghwa county. We got 74.9% reduction (P<0.05) of An. sinensis in human dwellings and 61.5% reduction (P>0.05) in the livestock enclosures. The black light trap operation in the livestock enclosures proved to be an effective control method and should be incorporated into existing control strategies in developed countries.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.196-204
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• 1998

$^{14}$C uptake experiments were carried out in and around the cold water mass in the southern part of the Korean East Sea in August and October 1995 to assess spatial and seasonal variability of primary productivity and its relation to physical and chemical factors. The cold and high saline water mass in the bottom layer extended upward to the surface layer and developed along the eastern coast of Korea in August. Chlorophyll-a concentration was maintained high in the cold water mass through August to October and its maximum concentration was 6.3 ${\mu}$g 1$^{-1}$ at Stn. 209-4 in August. Primary productivity and daily primary productivity ranged from 0.29 to 8.02 mgC m$^{-3}$ hr$^{-1}$ and from 58.3 to 63.1 mgC m$^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$, respectively, throughout the study period. Primary productivity of the cold water mass was higher than that of offshore waters in both summer and autumn seasons. P$_{max}$ and I$_{max}$ of the cold water mass in August were higher than those in October, except Stn. 208-5. These results suggest that high primary productivity in the cold water mass may be established by the upwelled nutrients and light adaptaion to convected phytoplankton due to upwelling of the bottom waters.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2019

작가 윌리엄 포크너는 그의 작품에서 다양한 모습의 여성 인물들을 역동적으로 보여 주고 있는데, 그의 여성 인물에 대한 묘사는 주로 어머니의 모습에 기반을 두고 있는 것을 주목해야 한다. 당시의 가부장제 하에서 작가가 관심 가지고 있는 어머니의 핵심적인 역할은 가족 단위를 유지하고, 자녀들을 양육하며 성숙한 인격을 가지기 위하여 그들이 정체성을 가지고 사회화할 수 있도록 돕는 것이다. 어머니의 역할은 본인의 가족관계에만 국한된 것이 아니라, 비단 혈연관계와 상관없을지라도 다른 개인을 양육하고 돌보는 관계까지 포괄적인 의미를 가진다. "팔월의 빛"에서 리너 그로브는 비록 혈연관계의 어머니는 아니지만 하이타워에게 인내하며 사랑을 실천하는 수용적 모성태도를 보여줌으로써 그가 소외된 삶을 극복하고 자연적 삶의 흐름에 복귀할 수 있도록 한다. 반면 조 크리스마스의 비극이 실제적인 어머니의 부재와 이를 대신할 모성의 환경이 부재함으로써 비롯된 것을 살펴보면서 아이가 진정한 자아를 형성하는 정체성을 형성하는 외부영향에서 어머니의 역할이 가장 중요한 요소임을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1984

Photoelectric observations of the close eclipsing binary system CW Cep, which is well known of its apsidal motion, were made on 20 nights during August and November in 1983 using two 61cm reflectors at the Sobaeksan Observing Station of Korean National Astronomical Observatory and I1san Observing Station of Yonsei University Observatory. Standardized new light curves in UBV system are presented with a total of 1,422 individual observations. For the corrections of regional and instrumental differences, same standard stars were observed at the two observatories. Four new times of minimum light were determined with the method of Kwee and van Woerden(1956). With all of the collected times of minima, apsidal motion of this system was checked, but the O-C values calculated by the light elements of Nha(1975) and Soderhjelm (1976) did not coincide well with new times of minima. New light elements which satisfy most times of minima better, and are deduced the apsidal period derived by the new light elements turns out to be 43 years, somewhat longer than those of values previously known.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng is a semishade perennial plant cultivated in sloping, sun-shaded areas in Korea. Recently, owing to air-environmental stress and various fungal diseases, greenhouse cultivation has been suggested as an alternative. However, the optimal light transmission rate (LTR) in the greenhouse has not been established. Methods: The effect of LTR on photosynthesis rate, growth, and ginsenoside content of ginseng was examined by growing ginseng at the greenhouse under 6%, 9%, 13%, and 17% of LTR. Results: The light-saturated net photosynthesis rate ($A_{sat}$) and stomatal conductance ($g_{s}$) of ginseng increased until the LTR reached 17% in the early stage of growth, whereas they dropped sharply owing to excessive leaf chlorosis at 17% LTR during the hottest summer period in August. Overall, 6-17% of LTR had no effect on the aerial part of plant length or diameter, whereas 17% and 13% of LRT induced the largest leaf area and the highest root weight, respectively. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaves increased as the LTR increased, and the overall content of protopanaxatriol line ginsenosides was higher than that of protopanaxadiol line ginsenosides. The ginsenoside content of the ginseng roots also increased as the LTR increased, and the total ginsenoside content of ginseng grown at 17% LTR increased by 49.7% and 68.3% more than the ginseng grown at 6% LTR in August and final harvest, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that 13-17% of LTR should be recommended for greenhouse cultivation of ginseng.