• Nano
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1850113.1-1850113.11
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• 2018

Environmental and energy issues have always been a hot topic of global research. Oil leakage has caused great damage to the environment, affecting a wide area and it is difficult to clean up. In most cases, carbon-based adsorbents are typically utilized to remove oil spills because of their economic benefits and high adsorbent efficiency. At the same time, its excellent material properties can also be used for the preparation of supercapacitors. In this paper, the carbon aerogels were prepared by the one-step method. The prepared materials endowed a 3D network structure with a huge number of micropores and mesoporous, and the material is light-weight, stable, hydrophobic and has affinity for oil (17.02 g/g) to the KGM carbon aerogel. Through the physicchemical characterization, the KGM carbon aerogel shows specific surface area is $689m^2/g$, high water contact angle ($136.64^{\circ}$) and excellent reusability (more than 15 cycle times). In addition, we also discussed the electrochemical properties of the material and obtained the specific electrical capacity of 139 F/g under the condition of 1 A/g.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.869-876
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• 1996

접촉분해경유(LCO)중에 함유된 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene(2,6-DMNA)의 분리, 정제를 위한 후처리조작으로서 고농도의 dimethylnaphthalene(DMNA) 이성체 혼합물을 함유한 유출액으로부터 2,6-DMNA의 정제를 정석-재결정의 조합에 의해 검토했다. 유출액의 정석에 의해 회수된 결정중에는 2,6-DMNA, 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene(2,7-DMNA)과 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene(2,3-DMNA)이 농축되어, 이들 3 이성체와 그 외의 DMNA 이성체간 분리는 가능하였으나, 2,6-, 2,7-과 2,3-DMNA 이성체간의 분리는 곤란했다. 2,6-DMNA의 정제에 적합한 용매의 선정을 위해, 재결정 용매로 Hexane, iso-propyl ether, ethyl acetate와 ethanol을 사용하여 2,6-과 2,7-DMNA의 용해도를 측정한 결과, 2,6-DMNA의 정제에는 ethanol이 가장 적합한 용매이었다. 또, 원료로 정석에서 회수된 결정을, 용매로 ethanol을 사용하여 재결정을 행해 2,6-DMNA의 정제에 대한 조작인자의 영향을 검토한 결과, 재결정 온도의 상승 및 용매/원료 질량비가 증가함에 따라서 2,6-DMNA의 정제는 용이했다. 본 연구에서 채용한 정석-재결정법은 DMNA 이성체 성분간 분리에 대한 유효한 분리조합의 하나임이 입증되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2008

저등급 석탄으로부터 무회분 초청정 석탄 제조를 위하여 온도 $200-430^{\circ}C$, 0.1MPa에서 추출실험을 수행하였다. 세 가지의 서로 다른 등급의 석탄시료를 사용하였으며 추출용매는 극성용매 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone(NMP)와 비극성 용매 1-methyl naphthalene(1-MN), Light Cycle Oil(LCO)를 사용하였다. 실험결과 NMP에 의한 추출율이 1-MN이나 LCO에 의한 추출율 보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 회분농도는 1-MN에 의한 추출탄이 가장 낮았다. 세가지 추출 운전모드, 즉 무교반운전모드, 교반운전모드, 그리고 초음파를 이용한 운전모드를 각각 수행하였다. 추출온도 $350^{\circ}C$에서 NMP를 사용한 추출실험에서, 교반운전모드에서의 추출율 및 추출탄의 회분농도는 각각 70.09wt%(daf), 1.03wt%(db) 이었으며, 초음파를 이용한 운전모드에서의 추출율 및 추출탄의 회분농도는 각각 80.70wt%(daf), 0.76wt%(db) 이었다. 1-MN를 사용한 추출에서도 NMP의 경우와 같이 초음파 추출이 가장 우수한 추출특성을 나타냈다. 초음파를 이용한 추출방법은 교반추출과 비교하여 추출율을 15-20%, 회분 저감은 최대 26% 까지 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1996년도 The Korean Institute of Navigation 1996년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.59-76
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• 1996

Vessels in the world merchant fleet generally operate in either liner or bulk trade. The supply and the demand trend of general cargo ship are both on the ebb however those trend of tankers and containers are ins light ascension. Oil tankers are so far the largest single vessel type in the world fleet and the tanker market is often cited as a texbook example of perfect competition. Some shipping statistics in recent years show that there has been a radical fluctuation in spot charter rate under easy charter's market. This implies that the proper scheduling of tankers under spot market fluctuation has the great potential of improving the owner's profit and economic performance of shipping. This paper aims at developing the TS-DSS(Decision Support System for Tanker Scheduling) in the context of the importance of scheduling decisions. TS-DSS is defined as a DSS based on the optimization models for tanker scheduling. The system has been developed through the life cycle of systems analysis design and implementation to be user-friendly system. The performance of the system has been tested and examined by using the data edited under several tanker scheduling has been tested and examined by using the data edited under several tanker scheduling scenarios and thereby the effectiveness of TS-DSS is validated satisfactorily. The authors conclude the paper with the comments of the need of appropriate support environment such as data-based DSS and network system for successful implementatio of the TS-DSS.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2015

Nothobranchius guentheri and Nothobranchius patrizii have special life cycle to sustain the dry season. So, we investigated the fertilized eggs morphology, and compared ultrastructures of surface structures and the cross section of fertilized egg envelopes using light and electron microscopes to determine whether these fertilized eggs and egg envelopes show the species specificity or have special structure to sustain the dry season. These fertilized eggs were spherical, yellowish, demersal and adhesive, and had a one-sided large oil droplet. The whip-like structures, adhesive filament were distributed throughout egg envelope in both species. But, that of N. guentheri was covered with fibrous structures, and that of N. patrizii was smooth. The egg envelope consisted of two distinct layers: an outer, electron-dense layer containing adhesive filaments and an inner layer of 16 to 17 horizontal electron-dense lamellae alternating with 15 to 16 interlamellae of lower electron density in both species. The external shapes of fertilized egg and section of fertilized egg envelope were same, but ultrastructure of adhesive filaments on the outer surface was concluded to show species specificity. Our data indicate that the ultrastructural differences of adhesive filament and outer surface of fertilized egg envelope show species specificity although these species belong to same genus.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 제5회 압출 및 인발가공 심포지엄
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

A7003 alloy has characteristics of their excellent weldability, high corrosion resistance and superior plastic working however the broadening of application for the alloy has been hampered by the lower extrudability associated by Mg content. For improvement of extrudability and enhanced recovery efficiency during Al scrap recyeling, it has been generally practiced to reduce Mg content in A7003 alloy. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of Mg content on mechanical strength and extrudability of A7003 alloy. For efficient material processing which has small amounts, life cycle assessment in material processing(MLCA) is evaluated. The quantitative analysis of energy requirements and $CO_2$ emission for production of A7003 extruded bar are estimated with different Mg content and billet pre-heating process (heating source by light oil or LPG). In particular, the estimation of energy requirements was performed within shipping and gating range (except the mining and extraction stages)to investigate the influence of the variables on energy requirements and $CO_2$ emission in detail. As Mg content increased, the flow stress and the extrusion pressure for A7003 alloy increased. It has been thought that an increment in extrusion pressure with increasing Mg content is caused by the solid solution hardening of Mg atoms in the matrix and increment in volume fraction of intermetallic compound, $Mg_2Si$. The extrudability and the tensile strength are equal to, or above that of conventional A 7003 alloy even the content of Mg varied from $1.1wt.\%\;to\;0.5wt.\%$ alloy. This means that minimizing the content of Mg in A7003 alloy can enhance recovery efficiency during Al scrap recycling. It can be quoted that rather than Mg content energy source for billet heating is a prime factor to determine the atmospheric $CO_2$ emission.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

It is becoming more and more important to develop safety-critical systems with special attention. Examples of the safety-critical systems include the mass transportation systems such as high speed trains, airplanes, ships and so forth. Safety critical issues can also exist in the development of atomic power plants that are attracting a great deal of attention recently as oil prices are sky-rocketing. Note that the safety-critical systems are in general large-scale and very complex for which case the effects of adopting the systems engineering (SE) approach has been quite phenomenal. Furthermore, safety-critical requirements should necessarily be realized in the design phase and be effectively maintained thereafter. In light of these comments, we have considered our approach to developing safety-critical systems to be based on the method combining the systems engineering and safety management processes. To do so, we have developed a design environment by constructing a whole life cycle model in two steps. In the first step, the integrated process model was developed by integrating the SE (ISO/IEC 15283) and systems safety (e.g., hazard analysis) activities and implemented in a computer-aided SE tool environment. The model was represented by three hierarchical levels: the life-cycle level, the process level, and the activity level. As a result, one can see from the model when and how the required SE and safety processes have to be carried out concurrently and iterately. Finally, the design environment was verified by the computer simulation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 감압잔사유를 원료로 몰리브덴 계열 분산촉매와 수소를 첨가한 슬러리상 수첨분해 반응(반응온도 $425^{\circ}C$, 초기 $80^{\circ}C$ 수소압력 80 bar, 반응시간 4시간, 촉매농도 500 ppm)에 아로마틱 성분을 포함하며 각기 다른 쌍극자 모멘트를 가지는 Toluene, FCC Light Cycle Oil (LCO), Resin을 반응 초기 및 중간에 첨가하여 이때의 코크 저감효과와 아스팔텐 반응특성 변화를 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 아로마틱 유분을 첨가한 경우 코크 저감효과는 모두 유사했던 반면, 상대적으로 쌍극자 모멘트가 큰 LCO와 Resin을 첨가한 경우 아스팔텐이 가스와 말텐 성분으로 더 전환되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 반응 중간에 아로마틱 유분을 첨가한 결과 코크 저감능력에서 차이를 보이지 않았으나, LCO를 반응 2시간 지점에 첨가한 경우 오히려 코크 수율이 증가하였고 오일상 내 아스팔텐의 aromaticity 가 증가하여 상대적으로 분산되기 어려운 구조로 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.576-585
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• 2018

상하수도를 포함하는 7대 지하매설배관(상수도, 하수도, 전기, 통신, 가스, 난방, 송유)은 시공에서부터 운영 및 유지관리에 걸친 전 생애 주기 동안 체계적인 관리가 매우 중요하다. 특히, 지하매설배관의 전생애주기에 가장 큰 영항을 미치는 것은 시공과정이다. 새로운 도시를 건설하거나 서로 다른 지하매설배관을 유지관리하기 위해서는 매번 땅을 파고 시공 및 관련 작업을 수행해야 한다. 이 과정에 먼저 시공한 배관은 후에 시공하는 배관 시공 과정에 2차 및 3차 파손이 빈번하게 발생할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 시공 과정에 일어나는 파손을 실시간으로 감시할 수 있는 시스템이 필요하다. 또한 지하매설배관의 환경에 따라 시스템의 지속적으로 운영하기 위한 전력의 공급이 제한되는 경우가 많아 기존 전력이 아닌 자연에너지를 이용한 안정적인 전력공급 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 풍력과 태양광을 이용한 자연에너지를 이용하여 배관감시 시스템을 장기간(24시간 15일) 안정적으로 운영이 가능한 장치를 개발하였으며 이를 현장시험을 거쳐 운전성능을 확인하였다.