• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

To develop functional workwear for fishing, this study investigated the working conditions, inconveniences and problems associated with workwear, and functions required for workwear. A questionnaire was used for the study, and SPSS 26.0 was used for the analysis. In total, 124 fishermen participated in this survey (ages: 53.2 ± 11.9), consisting of 84.7% males and 15.3% females. The number of participants whose work experience was more than 10 years and less than 20 years was 46, accounting for 37.1%. Most fishing industry was in danger of getting hit by machinery or clothes. Fishermen preferred two-piece style workwear, and a waterproof fabric was the most important factor considered while purchasing the workwear. Their discomfort while moving in their workwear was attributed to the stretching of their hips, thighs, crotch, and knees when lifting their legs or squatting. Preferences depended on the type of fishery and the age of fishermen. Protection was emphasized for aquaculture fishing, while the activity was emphasized for capture fishing. People in their 50s emphasized the protection provided by the workwear, while others emphasized the activity. In the future, substantial research is necessary to develop workwear that reflects fishermen's requirements.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.192-200
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• 2017

With the acceleration of construction industrialization, the buildings that China has adopted the construction of industrialization technology are increasing day by day, and Precast Concrete (PC) Structure technology is one of the main technologies of construction industrialization. Compared with the traditional cast-in-place concrete structure, PC structure is more conducive to shorten the construction period, reduce the number of construction workers and the site construction waste. Nevertheless, PC structure improves the requirements of hoisting machinery in the construction site, and the lay-out and selection of hoisting machinery become an important factor influencing the construction cost. The paper regards the typical tower crane in China as the research object, and establishes the time optimization model for the lifting scheme. The influence of the different precast rate on the selection of the tower crane is analyzed. This paper obtains the time variation of the tower crane under different precast rate, provides a theoretical basis for the design of precast concrete structures under the influence of assembly construction, and lays the foundation for the selection of tower crane under the precast rate.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 1993

The trauma has been known as a major etiologic factor in temporomadibular joint disorders. The endotracheal intubation is suspected as one of the traumatic factor to temporomandibular disorder. But there are few reports about the amount of mouth opening during endotracheal intubation and temporomandibular joint disorder after endotracheal intubation. The authors studied the effects of endotracheal intubation to temporomandibular joint with 70 patients given surgical operation through general anesthesia. The results were as follows. 1. The mean amount of mouth opening for entire patients during endotracheal intubation was 26.3mm (s, d : 2.6), for oral intubation group 25.9mm(s, d : 3.2), for nasal intubation group 26.6mm(s, d : 1.9). There was no difference between two group stastically. (p<0.05) 2. 1 week later endotracheal intubation, the maximum mouth opening increased 1.5mm for entire patients, 1.5mm for oral intubation group, 1.6mm for nasal intubation group than behare endotracheal intubation. 3. Five patients complained the discomforts around temporomandibular joint after endotracheal intubation. The amount of mouth opening during endotracheal intubation was within physiologic range. It seemed that $45^{\circ}$ upward endoscopic lifting for exposure of glottis gave trauma to temporomandibular joint.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2020

Background: Meniscal tears are among the major risk factors for knee osteoarthritis progression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between meniscal tears and work-related factors in the farming occupation. Methods: The participants included 486 farmers (238 men and 248 women), aged 40-69 years, who were among the 550 farmers registered in the Korea Farmer's Knee Cohort (KFKC). Data such as those on gender, age, body mass index (BMI), mechanical axis, cumulative heavy-lifting working time (CLWT), cumulative squatting working time (CSWT), and previous knee injury history were collected from the questionnaire, along with whole leg radiographic findings. Two radiologists assessed the magnetic resonance images of both knees to confirm the presence of meniscal tears. The factors related to meniscal tears were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 54.5% of the farmers (48.7% of men and 60.1% of women) had meniscal tears. These tears were associated with gender, age, and BMI. We also identified an association between meniscal tears and CSWT, an especially important factor in farming [10,000-19,999 working hours, odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-4.07, ≥20,000 working hours, odds ratio = 2.35, 1.45-3.80]. However, mechanical axis, knee injury history, and CLWT were not significantly related to meniscal tears. Conclusion: This study's findings show that squatting for long periods, as an occupational factor, is related to meniscal tears.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.453-463
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• 2017

Due to the increase in the size of buildings and scale, the importance of construction engineering that reflects the constructability from the design stage of the project is increasing. Especially, engineering efforts related to facilities, equipment and construction methods for temporary work at the design stage can significantly contribute to improvement of constructability and project performance. The purpose of this study is to derive construction engineering tasks on temporary work at the design phase of the high-rise building projects. 27 preliminary tasks were firstly investigated through literature review and experts' group interview, and the necessity and importance analysis of each tasks were then performed based on questionnaire survey. Most of the tasks related to plans on structural framework and lifting equipment were analyzed as relatively more important ones. Lastly, 21 engineering tasks, which are classified into 5 factors, were proposed through factor analysis. The factors were determined as 1) structural framework, measurement and circulation, 2) lifting equipment and pumping, 3) space zoning, 4) water supply, 5) temporary facility, electric power supply and lighting. The results of this study can be used as basic data for establishing efficient work process of construction engineering on temporary work at the design phase.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the low back pain of workers in hospital. 214 subjects waking at two general hospitals in Yosu city participated in this survey. Subjects consisted of doctors, nurses, medical engineers, officers and general laborers. The survey data were collected by a written questionnaire which made out by themselves for 25 days, from fourth August to 29th August, 2008. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of four categories, general, occupational, working habitual and the daily living characteristics. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test based on the present or absent of low back pain. Results: 1. In the general characteristics, low back pain had no significant relationship to all factors, sex, ago, body mass index, weight and height. 2. In the occupational characteristics, the phase of distribution of low back pain had statistical significant differences in the working hours a week, satisfaction of pay, satisfaction of occupation(p<0.05). However low back pain did not significantly related to the kind of occupation, period of work and degree of stress. 3. In the habitual characteristics, low back pain was significantly influenced by working posture, frequency of using lumbar and heavy material lifting, monotonous repetition of working operation and noise(p<0.05). No significant difference was shown in the factor of convenience of chair. 4. In the daily living characteristics, low back pain shown the significant differences in walking time a day, status of health and smoking pattern(p<0.05). there were, however, no significant differences in the aspect of the kind of house and bed, sleeping attitude, driving, riding time on the vehicle, exercising, frequency of cultural life and drinking alcohol. Conclusion: when I see above resultants totally, it appears a higher incidence caused by working environment rather than living habit and then consequently compared to hospital workers, they also have high incidence like others. In order to reduce incidence of low back pain and enjoy the our life we need to educate ourselves preventing program for low back pain and try to effort for preventing of low back pain on each department and individual.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

Objective: It is to find factors related to stability through analysis of plantar pressure factors according to the level of instability when performing Snatch. Method: Foot pressure analysis was performed while 10 weightlifters performed 80% of the highest level of Snatch, and motion was classified and analyzed in 3 grades according to the level of instability. Results: First, in Bad Motion, the movement distance of the pressure center in the direction of ML and AP was larger significantly in Phase 2. Second, in Phase 2, the number of zero-crossing in the AP direction was larger statistically significantly in Good Motion. Third, in the bad motion in Phase 3, the number of zero-crossing in the ML direction showed a significantly larger value. Fourth, in Phase 4, it was found that the more stable the lock out motion, the greater the activity of foot controlling in the left and right directions. Fifth, Phase 3, the greater the Maximum/Mean foot pressure value, the more stable the pulling action. Sixth, in Phase 2, the foot pressure was concentrated with a wide distribution in the midfoot and rearfoot. Seventh, the triggering number of the forefoot region was small in the last pull phase. Eighth, the number of triggers in the toe area was significantly higher during Good Motion in Phase 4. Conclusion: Summarizing the factors of instability in Snatch, there was no significant difference in Phase 1 for each condition. In order to enhance the stability in Phase 2, the sensory control ability in the AP direction is required, and focusing the foot pressing motion with a wide distribution in the middle and rear parts increases the instability. In Phase 3, it was found that the more unstable, the more sensory control activity was performed in the ML direction, the stronger the forefoot pressing action should be performed for a stable Snatch. In Phase 4, It is important that the feet sensory control activity in ML directions and the control ability of the toes in order to have stable Lock out motion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2018

Background: Sitting posture influences movements of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints and changes the shoulder muscle activities. The development and maintenance of correct sitting posture is important for the fundamental treatment of shoulder pain during rehabilitation. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the sitting postures and the shoulder movements on shoulder muscle activities for both male and female. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects without shoulder-related diseases participated in this experiment. The subjects had randomly adopted three different sitting postures (upright posture, preferred posture, maximum slouched posture) and shoulder flexion angles in scapular plane ($30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$). Surface electrodes were collected from upper trapezius (UT), anterior deltoid (AD), and posterior deltoid (PD) and the active shoulder range of motion was measured in each sitting posture and shoulder flexion angle. Results: The active range of motions of the shoulder external rotation and the flexion in the scapular plane decreased from the upright posture to the maximum slouched posture (p<.05, mixed-effect linear regression with random intercept, Tukey post-hoc analysis). All muscles showed the highest EMG activities at $120^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion with the maximum slouched posture and did not show the gender differences. Conclusion: Increased shoulder muscle activities may become the potential risk factor for the shoulder impairment and pain if people continuously maintain the maximum slouched posture. Therefore, an upright position is necessary during shoulder exercises, as well as in activities of daily living, including motions involving lifting the arms.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the general distribution and the efficacy of oriental medical treatment for low back pain. Methods: We have selected of the moxa bucket moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results : The 80 cases of low back pain patients was analyzed according to the distribution of sex, age, the period of disease, contributing factor, the patient-condition on admission, the symptom on admission, the duration of admission, the reading of the X-ray and the treatment efficacy was evaluated respectively. 1. Female was more than male in the ratio of 1:1.2, and thirties and seventies 25% the most, the acutest phase 46.3% the most, reason unknown 33.8% the most, Grade III 50% the most, L.B.P. only 51.3% the most, the day of 6-10 30% the most, compression Fx 30% the most. 2. In the total treatment result, the good was 51.3%, the excellent 22.5%, the fair 17.5%, the poor 8.8% in order. About 'the effective rate'(the percentage of positive effective treatment cases) of each distribution, the fifties 100% the most, the acutest phase 97.3% the most, the slip down, weight lifting, overuse 100% the most respectively, Grade III 97.5% the most, L.B.P. only 95.1% the most, the day of 11-15 100% the most, HN.P. 93.3% the most. Conclusions : We have known the efficacy of oriental medical treatment for L.B.P. was good and early treatment was better than late treatment and main cause of L.B.P. was degenerative change.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2018

Background: To identify work sectors with high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Korean men and women. Methods: We analyzed nationwide data to identify ergonomic risk factors in Korean employees. In particular, we analyzed data on exposure to five ergonomic risk factors (painful/tiring postures, lifting/moving heavy materials, standing/walking, repetitive hand/arm movements, and hand/arm vibration) according to employment sector, sex, and age, using the 2014 Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We also used workers' compensation data on work-related MSDs in 2010, which is available by sex. Results: The different work sectors had different gender distributions. "Manufacturing" (27.7%) and "construction" (11.3%) were dominated by males, whereas "human health and social work activities" (12.4%), "hotel and restaurants" (11.7%), and "education" (10.4%) were dominated by females. However, "wholesale and retail trade" and "public administration and defense" employed large numbers of males and females. Furthermore, the work sectors with a greater proportion of work-related MSDs and with multiple ergonomic risk factors were different for men and women. For men, "construction" and "manufacturing" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs; for women, "hotel and restaurants" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs. Conclusion: Ergonomic interventions for workers should consider gender and should focus on work sectors with high risk for MSDs, with multiple ergonomic risk factors, and with the largest number of workers.