• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the alopecia experience in adults and to explain the process of their experiences. Methods: Using a grounded theory methodology, 18 interviews were performed with fourteen men and four women, 34~57 years of age, suffering from alopecia. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. Results: The core category emerged as "inescapable fetters". adults with alopecia engaged in three stages: embarrassment, seeking solution, and acceptance phase. Causal conditions were a vicious cycle of stress, biological factors and poor life style. Contextual conditions were recognition of irreversibleness, negative social awareness, and marriage. The central phenomenon of the adaptation process among the adults with alopecia was withdrawn life due to negative body image. Action/Interaction strategies included rely on medical treatment, efforts to take good care of hair, research for information treatment, efforts to cover up hair loss, and mind control. Intervening conditions were time cost, economic cost, support of surrounding people. Consequences was burden of unfinished lifetime homework. Conclusion: When caring for these adults, it is important to identify needs, allow patients to express what they want at that moment and support them in maintaining a daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.68-79
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• 2018

Currently, hybridization of energy generator and storage devices is considered to be one of the most important energy-related technologies due to the possibility of replacing batteries or extending the lifetime of a batteries in accordance with increasing battery demand. This review aims to describe current progress on the mechanical energy generator and hybridization of energy generator and energy storage devices for self-powered electronics. First, the research trends related to energy generation devices using piezoelectric and triboelectric effect that convert physical energy into electric energy is introduced. In addition, integration of energy generators and energy storage devices is introduced. In particular, self-charging energy cells provide an innovative approach to the direct conversion of mechanical energy into electrochemical energy to decrease energy conversion loss.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2013

As an essential part of current industrial society, electric power energy is contantaly increasing in pace with the development of science and technology. In order to meet the demand of electric power, power facilities which take care of the higher voltage and bigger capacity is required. To produce and supply electric power on a sound basis the electric facilities should operate with reliability. To prevent disasters in advance, the high quality facilities should be manufactured, and a constant management should be done. When the power facilities cause accidents, the result is huge national deficits. Since the power facilities play a pivotal role in the key industry of national infrastructures of they should operate for a long time in maintaining a stable state, and the accidents can be prevented in advance. The lifetime of a power cable is considered to be 30 years at the time of manufacture, but in real fields, accidents of cable occur 8-12 years from the start of operation, resulting in a heavy loss of properties. In this paper, we will show that we have found out the cause and process of the deterioration of 22kV cable systems in operation. The result is that the process of deterioration does not follow the Weibull distribution only ; but rather, after the heat deterioration the Weibull distributed deterioration comes, then the cable is destroyed due to the partial discharge resulting from the Weibull distributed deterioration.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2013

As WSN is energy constraint so energy efficiency of nodes is important. Because avoiding long distance communication, clustering operating in rounds is an efficient algorithm for prolonging the lifetime of WSN and its performance depends on duration of a round. A short round time leads to frequent re-clustering while a long round time increases energy consume of cluster heads more. So existing clustering schemes determine proper round time, based on the parameters of initial WSN. But it is not appropriate to apply the round time according to initial value throughout the whole network time because WSN is very dynamic networks nodes can be added or vanished. In this paper we propose a new algorithm which calculates the round time relying on the alive node number to adapt the dynamic WSN. Simulation results validate the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of energy consumption of nodes and loss rate of data.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4844-4864
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• 2017

Interference-aware routing protocol design for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is one of the key strategies in reducing packet loss in the highly hostile underwater environment. The reduced interference causes efficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes that, in consequence, prolongs the entire network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient interference-aware routing (EEIAR) protocol for UWSNs. A sender node selects the best relay node in its neighborhood with the lowest depth and the least number of neighbors. Combination of the two routing metrics ensures that data packets are forwarded along the least interference paths to reach the final destination. The proposed work is unique in that it does not require the full dimensional localization information of sensor nodes and the network total depth is segmented to identify source, relay and neighbor nodes. Simulation results reveal better performance of the scheme than the counterparts DBR and EEDBR techniques in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2012

Objectives : QT interval prolongation and dispersion known as indicators of an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death have been reported to be prolonged in patients with anorexia nervosa. The aims of this study were to compare conduction abnormalities in Korean patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and to examine its relation with clinical and laboratory factors. Methods : We retrospectively examined 45 women with anorexia nervosa and 75 women with bulimia nervosa who were assessed by 12-lead electrocardiogram at baseline. QT interval and corrected QT interval, QT dispersion of the difference between the longest and shortest QT intervals, and abnormal U wave were measured for conduction abnormalities. Results : QT interval was significantly longer in patients with anorexia nervosa compared with those with bulimia nervosa. There were no differences in QTc (Corrected QT), QTd (QT dispersion) and abnormal U wave between patients with anorexia nervosa and those with bulimia nervosa. QTd was significantly correlated with the lowest ever lifetime body mass index ($kg/m^2$) as well as the serum amylase level in patients with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions : These results suggest some conduction abnormalities reported in patients with anorexia nervosa are also found in patients with bulimia nervosa. It appears that severity of weight loss and purging behavior could affect the cardiac arrhythmia in patients with eating disorders. Appropriate attention should be paid to cardiac involvement in patients with eating disorders.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.215-221
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• 2014

In this paper, the improved power durability test system and method for an reliability analysis of SAW device is proposed and the failure mechanism through failure analysis is analyzed. As a result of the failure analysis using microscope, SEM and EDX, the failure mechanism of the SAW device is electromigration due to joule heating under high current density and high temperature condition. The electromigration makes voids and hillocks in the IDT electrode and the voids and hillocks can lead to short circuit and open circuit faults, respectively, increasing the insertion loss of an SAW filter. The accelerated life testing of the SAW filter for 450MHz CDMA application using the proposed power durability test system and method is carried out. $B_{10}$ lifetime of the SAW filter using Eyring model and Weibull distribution is estimated as about 98,500 hours.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1483-1496
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• 2001

Small ruminants form an important economic and ecological niche in small farm systems and agriculture. Their current low level of contribution is dismal, and is not commensurate with the potential capacity for higher levels of production. The context for productivity enhancement and increased socio-economic contribution relates to large sizes of small ruminant populations; wide distribution across various agro-ecological zones and production systems; and diversity of breeds, where 66% of all goat and 57% of sheep breeds in Asia are found in China, India and Pakistan. The advantages and disadvantages of small ruminants over larger ruminants are enumerated with reference to adaptation and environment, small size, production systems and products and interactions with the environment. Discussion focuses especially on efficiency of meat production and niche markets for higher-priced goat meat, and inefficient marketing systems given an estimated 40-45% loss of income to farmers presently. Increasing the quantity of meat produced is related to live weight and the total number of animals at Slaughter, which in turn, depend on the total number of offsprings weaned and lifetime productivity. At the national level, priority attention is essential to build up numbers in concerted breeding programmes, selection for efficiency of reproduction and meat production, and improvements to make traditional markets and marketing systems to respond to the changing environmental and consumer preferences. Post-production systems are neglected and improvements are associated with collection, handling, marketing, slaughter facilities and consumer requirements. Potential opportunities to expand and benefit from integrating small ruminants into annual and perennial cropping systems remain largely unexplored. Important development imperatives include choice of species and better use of available breeds, appropriate production systems that match available feed resources, and linkages between production, products and by-products to markets. Affirmative action is necessary, backed by official policy support, institutional commitment and increased resource use, that can target poverty and directly benefit the poor, and shift subsistence production to a more market-oriented opportunity. These efforts together constitute the challenges for both the owners and producers of small ruminants in the immediate future, as also the will to accelerate increased productivity, improve their livelihoods and promote rural growth.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2000

Low back pain is generally defined as a complex symptom rather than a specific diseases entity, especially when musculoskeletal lesions of the low back, neurogenic, vasculogenic and discogenic lesions are present. Sixty to eighty percent of all human being have experienced low back pain once or more times during in their lifetime. Low back pain is a one of the commonest cause of physical impairment and induces disability the activities of everyday living or the activities of work. Today, low back pain plays important part for the loss of working capability from social, industrial field and individual daily life. But there are no study about incidence and prevention program of low back pain in rural peoples. This study was conducted to find out current status and characteristics related to low back pain in rural peoples(especially engaged in agriculture), so that could provide basic data to establish prevention program for them. The data were gathered from 301 rural adults(female 62.1%, male 37.9%) with low back pain by the structured interview in the 4 communities(south and north Gyeong-sang Do and Chung-cheong Do), and sampled at local hospital, local clinic, and health clinic center in May, 2000. The results were as followed. About one third of cases(35.5%) were aged from 60 to 69, 34.6% were smoker, and 91.4% not used to regular exercise. Low back pain frequently due to intervertebral articulopathy(42.5%), follewed by herniated intervertebral disk(19.9%), sprain(17.3%), vertebral dislocation(4.0%), and etc(16.2%). Above half of cases(56.5%) were a eight-hour workday, and 61.8% complained of low back pain during work. Mostly, period of agricultural experience was more than 20 years, and cultivated more than 2 crops. Low back pain is common to rural adults, therefore adequate resting time from work and lumbar strengthening exercise program needed to prevent low back pain in rural peoples.