• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.81-90
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• 2005

Universal Design is comprised of three main concepts known as barrier-free, adaptive and life-span design. It does not focus on accessibility for the disabled, but rather expands its breadth to the comfortable use and easy access in ail physical environments and facilities. In this study, the researcher views the present and future of universal design through the cases of kitchen design. Based on the market changes in design guidelines and the changes of time uncovered from past studies, this researcher suggests that universal design would develop through mass customization for personalized use, application of new technology and consideration of psychological aspects. Additionally, for the diffusion of universal design appropriate solution in economic cost problem, social recognition and conversion of problem cognizance in designing is needed. In Korea design models of universal design concepts are not yet in production over various fields. In order to develop and study universal design which suits our country, cultural and regional characteristics should be considered as well as physical, perceptual, psychological aspects.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2008

Currently existing high-accuracy and high-speed die sets used in reciprocal press create scratches at the surface of guide posts, steel balls, and bushes due to vertical movement of balls with point-contacts between inner surface of bushes and guide posts. Consequently, accuracy of the die set and the life span of the metal mold are reduced. However, those scratches could reduce the pre-load of the steel ball. This research designed and developed a groove-type die set which improves life span of the die set by eliminating point-contacts of steel balls with guide posts. The guide post consisted of a steel-ball retainer, a steel-ball retainer stopper, a guide bush, a guide pin, a snap ring, and a spring. The steel-ball retainer has 72 holes with 8 columns of 9 holes in each column. The inner surface of the guide bush was grinded(surface roughness: $Ra\;\\;0.2{\mu}m$, accuracy: $0\;{\sim}\;-0.002mm$) after NC turning and heat treatment. Also, a line of small intermediate pocket was processed inside of the guide bush for lubrication and elimination of foreign materials. Guide grooves of steel balls were processed using a wire EDM(Electrical Discharge Machining) after heat treatment. With such a design of the guide post stated above, loads against steel balls could be dispersed greatly by the line contacts through the guide groove between the guide post and the guide bush, and the life span of the guide post could be expanded semi-permanently.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1999

This study was carried out with two types of silkworm, Bombyx mori, adults having different life span: long life span (adult living for more than fifteen days; LLS), and short life span (adult living less for than five days; SLS). The fine structures of fat body cells in the young and the senescent males and females were compared in an attempt to elucidate the aging physiology of the silkworm adult. In SLS, there were many rough endoplasmic reticula (RER) and glycogen granules in the female cytoplasm, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticula (SER) were observed in the male cytoplasm. Also in SLS, the mitochondria were swollen and had many poor osmiophillic inclusions (fatty degeneration) at three days after emergence. In LLS, compared to SLS, comparatively normal mitochondria and nuclear membrane were observed in even five day old female. In fifteen day old LLS female, however most of cell membranes were disappeared and mitochondria were abnormally expanded. Many fat granules were observed in the cytoplasm of ten day old male (LLS) which died with full autophagic vacuole (AV) collapsed at fifteen days. Therefore, it is suggested that SLS type is recommended for the study of aging tissue, because it is easier to monitor the changes in tissue structure.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.43-70
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• 2008

This study investigated the relationship between social support and caregiving self-efficacy among 530 mothers of persons with intellectual disabilities in their childhood(age 3-12), adolescence(age 13-18), and adulthood(age 19-35), exploring the moderating effect of the life span affiliation of the children with disabilities. The analysis revealed that greater perception of social support predicted higher level of caregiving self-efficacy for all the mothers. However, the moderating effect was detected indicating that there were differences in the effects of social support on caregiving self-efficacy across groups. Although social support was found to have some positive effects on caregiving self-efficacy for each group of mothers of both adolescents and adults, no effects for a group of mothers of children. These findings suggested that greater emphasis be placed on the expanded provision of social support for families of persons with intellectual disabilities in their developmental stages following the childhood.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

Records of 490,767 cows collected from 1990 to 2012 by dairy herd milk test of National Agriculture Cooperative Federation The pedigree of dairy cattle were provided by Korea Animal Improvement Association. The data were used to analyze the longevity of dairy cows with the life traits such as days in milk, number of lactation, productive life, and life span. The data were also used to investigate genetic relationship of these longevity traits with profitability of dairy cows, including heritability and genetic correlation. The profitability was calculated with simulation of milk income and production costs for individual cows. Days in milk among the traits had -0.287, -0.572 and -0.536 of genetic correlation with number of lactations, productive life and lifespan, respectively. The heritabilities of life span, number of lactations, productive life, and days in milk were found to be 0.045, 0.047, 0.059 and 0.081, respectively. Genetic correlations of profit with productive life, number of lactations, and days in milk were identified as 0.072, 0.080, 0.098 and 0.101. These results suggested that days in milk was most desirable traits to represent longevity of Holstein dairy cattle. In general, since longevity and profitability were close genetic relationship each other, genetic improvement of longevity is necessary for better profitable cows.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1996

The purposes of this study was to investigate high school girl students’concerns about the family life education in Home Economics and their needs for learning in home economics classes in order to develop an advisable co-education curriculum. The questionnaires were completed by 196 first grade students in Seoul in 1993 and 765 first grade students in Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefectures in 1991. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows：1) students’interests in the areas of Home Economics education, 2) students＇concerns in their daily life 3) students’interests in a new curriculum for family life education：16 contents from human birth to death. 4) students’experience with their family, and 5) students’educational needs in Home Economics’teaching method. The result of our research showed that：1) Most of senior high school students in Korea and Japan had strong interests in their life and life span. 2) Although there are some differences in the degree of concerns between Korea and Japan, senior high school students in Korea and Japan had strong concerns with their “characteristics and personality”, their “future job”, their “looks and figure”and their “hobby and amusement”, these had not been the contents of home economics in Korea and Japan, but had been in U.S. 3) Very few senior high school students in Japan and especially in Korea had contacts with their grandparents. 4) Senior high school students in Korea and Japan showed strong interests in their near future stage, but they showed less interest in the stage of early childhood. 5) Senior high school students in Korea and Japan showed their diverse needs for learning in home economics classes. The results indicated that co-education curriculum for family life education should meet adolescent needs and concerns, and our new curriculum, “from one’s birth to death/one’s life span”, would be more advisable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.235-236
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• 2010

Since many structures in the sea environment are damaged by chloride, appropriate repair strategy is required. Therefore in the paper, optimum period for the RC structure's repair is calculated with consideration of economic efficiency. Moreover, when the concrete members are repaired with the other material such as polymer mortar forr section restoration, their expected service life also calculated to predict more accurate repair period during the life span.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2012

According to the increase of demand of the deteriorated building. The interest of the building's maintenance is continually increased, so studies about how to increase building's stability & prolonged life span are increased. This study's purpose is to maintain building's function, so we suggest a protocol type system of UI to estimate reasonable planning of demand of repair & replacement and to distribute budget.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.293-316
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• 1995

Nitrogen fertilization and cutting practice were studied on turfgrasses and cover plants to investigate the possibility of maintaining green color during the growing season. Research also involved the effect of the nitrogen on a few morphological characteristics of leaf performance elements which might give an information to coloration and life-span of turf leaves. Treatments in the first experiment undertaken on pot included one N level: 350kgN /ha applied as compound fertilizer in split applications of one-half in mid-May and the rest both in late June and August, and four spring-summer cuts: late May, late June, late July and late August. The soil filled in pot a moderately well-drained sandy loam. In the second experiment(field observation) leaf length and width, inflorescence and flowering, and color performance were also investigated. With nitrogen fertilizer applied on turfs, desirable turf color was maintained during a period of poor coloration in specific seasons such as mid-summer for cool season grasses and late fall for warm season grasses comparing to the non-treatment. However, this was not stimulated by cutting treatment to nitrogen status existed. Cutting effect on coloration was more remarkable in both Korean lawngrass and Manilagrass than in cool season turfgrasses such as Italian rye-grass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Especially down-slide of leaf color in cool season turfgrasses could he detected in mid-summer /early fall season ranging up to mid-September. In early November as well as mid-September, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fes-cue retained a high level of green color as followed by nitrogen application and cutting treatment, and little detectable variation of leaf color notation between cool season turfgrasses was obtained. However, Korean la'vngrass and Manilagrass failed to retain the green color until early November. Color notations in cool season turfgrasses investigated early November on the final date of the experiment ranged from 5 GY 3/1 to 4/8 in 'Ramultra' Italian ryegrass, 'Reveile' perennial ryegrass and 'Arid' tall fescue, but those in Zoysiagrasses were 7.5 YR 4/8 in Korean lawngrass and 2.5 y 5 /6 in Manilagrass. Life-span of leaves was shorter in Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue than in beth Korean lawngrass and Manilagrass with and without nitrogen application. In general, leaves appeared in early May had a long life-span than those appeared in late April or mid-June. Nitrogen application significantly prolonged the green color retaining period in perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, Korean lawngrass and Manilagrass, and this was contrasted with the fact that there was no prolonged life-span of leaves emerging in early May and mid-June in tall fescue. SPAD reading values in 48 turfs and cover plants investigated in the field trial were increasing until late June and again decreasing till September. Increasing trends of reading value could be observed in the middle of October in most of grasses. On the other hand, clovers and reed canarygrasses did not restore their color values even in October. Color differences between inter-varieties, and inter-species occurred during the growing season under the field condition implicated that selection of species and /or cultivars for mixture should be taken into consideration. In Munsell color notation investigated in the final date in the middle of November, 32 cultivars belonged under the category of 5 GY and 10 cultivars under the category of 7.5 GY. This was implying that most of cool season turfs and cover plants grown in the center zone of Korean Peninsula which are able to utilize for landscape use can bear their reasonable green color by early or mid-November when properly managed. The applicable possibilities of SPAD readings and Munsell color notation to determine the color status of turfgrasses and cover plants used in this study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.939-949
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the job awareness of dental hygiene students about a dental hygienist, what duties they wanted to do as dental hygienists, their awareness of college courses related to the job performance of dental hygienists and whether they viewed the courses as what's most widely utilized for the clinical job performance of dental hygienists. It's ultimately meant to help provide good education for dental hygiene students to have the right understanding of dental hygienists and bolster their professionalism. Methods : The subjects in this study were 301 dental hygiene students in four different colleges located in the metropolitan area. A survey was conducted to find out their satisfaction level with the department of dental hygiene, personal characteristics, awareness of college courses and awareness of the duties of dental hygienists. Results : The group of students who deemed the life span of the dental hygienist occupation to be long put more significance on the college courses that should focus on job performance. As for the relationship between their personal characteristics and awareness of the college courses, their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the department and their ideas on the life span of the occupation made significant differences to that. The group of students who considered the life span of the occupation to be longer thought that the college courses would be more linked to the duties of dental hygienists and their job performance and should be given more weight, and there were significant differences among them in their view of the life span of the occupation and awareness of the college courses that should be given more weight(p<.05). Their view of how much the college courses would be linked to the duties of dental hygienists had a statistically significant correlation to that of the college courses that should focus on the clinical job performance of dental hygienists. Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggest that as part of the regular curriculum, the kind of education that aims at boosting the professionalism and job performance of dental hygienists as experts should be provided for dental hygiene students to build the right values as professional dental hygienists.