• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.25-51
• /
• 2017

This paper employs an Overlapping Generations Model to quantify the impacts of Korea's demographic transition toward an older population on the total output growth rate. The model incorporates the projected population through 2060 according by Statistics Korea. The effects of the low fertility and increased life expectancy rates are studied. The model is considered suitable for analyzing the effects of demographic changes on the Korean economy. Under the assumption that the TFP growth rate will not slow considerably in the future, remaining at 1.3% per annum, the gross output growth rate of the Korean economy is projected to slow to 1.1% per annum in the 2050s, from 4.0% in the 2000s. The shrinking workforce due to the decline in fertility plays a significant role in the deceleration of the Korean economy. The increased life expectancy rate is expected to mitigate the negative effect, but the magnitude of its effect is found to be limited.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2023

Background: Our study aimed to investigate the mediating role of work-family conflict (WFC) on the relationship between long commutes and workers' anxiety and insomnia. Methods: Our study measured the two dimensions of WFC, time-related, and strain-related, which were considered multiple mediators. The mediating effect of WFC on anxiety and insomnia was investigated by decomposing the total effect into a direct effect (long commuting time → anxiety or insomnia) and an indirect effect (long commuting time → WFC → anxiety or insomnia). The combined indirect effect (joint indirect effect) of strain-related WFC and time-related WFC was estimated. The effects were presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The direct effect of 120 min or longer of commuting time was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17-1.65) times increase in the odds of anxiety and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.41-1.90) times increase in the odds of insomnia than those whose commuting time was less than 60 min. In the case of indirect effects, those whose commuting time was 120 min or longer had 1.13 times higher odds of anxiety (95% CI: 1.07-1.18) and 1.12 times higher odds of insomnia (95% CI: 1.07-1.17) via WFC. The joint indirect effects accounted for 26.4% and 18.5% of the total effect on anxiety and insomnia, respectively. The longer the commuting time, the stronger both direct and indirect effects. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the mediating effect of WFC on the relationship between long commuting times and workers' anxiety and insomnia.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.8 no.9
• /
• pp.1399-1405
• /
• 2013

This study selected 31 old women over 65 years old residing in G county, Jeonnam and applied the aqua exercise program to them for 1 hour a session, once a week for 1 year from Feb. 1, 2011 to Jan. 31, 2012 in order to examine the effects of the program on body composition, exercise function, quality of life and self-esteem in the elderly. As a result of measuring health related factors before and after applying the exercise program, it was found that long-term aqua exercise program had statistically significant change and increase in body composition (weight, body fat mass and percent body fat), exercise function (flexibility, balance, TUG, back muscle strength), quality of life and self-esteem. Therefore, it is considered that continuous aqua exercise program is needed to improve body composition, exercise function, quality of life and self-esteem of the old women in rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify whether the program, improving adjustment to military life would have an effect on stress, depression, idea of suicide, adjustment to military living, and self-esteem in auxiliary police. Method: This quazi experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest design was conducted from February 1 to May 30, 2007. Using convenience sampling, the researcher recruited 120 auxiliary police and randomly assigned each to either the experimental and the control group. The experimental group received an 8-week program to improve adjustment to military life. Results: Anxiety, stress, depression, idea of suicide, self-esteem, and adjustment to military living were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that programs to improve adjustment to military life would improve psychological health and adaptation of military living in auxiliary police. Replication studies are needed to confirm the effects of this program and to identify the long-term maintenance effects of the program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2010

The fatigue phenomenon, which is induced by stress accumulation due to the repeated loading of vehicles in the long term, is one of the main factors of the span of life of a steel bridge. In this paper, the effects of traffic properties on the fatigue life of ordinary short- and medium-span steel plate girder bridges that are exposed to relatively large dynamic effects are investigated. From the analysis, it was known that the fatigue life of the bridge becomes shorter with increasing traffic volume and number of large vehicles, and is affected by the weights of the vehicles. Based on the analysis results, a new parameter that can represent the traffic property that affects the fatigue life of the subject bridge is suggested, and the validity of the parameter is confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.12-15
• /
• 2003

The effects of the non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist tebufenozide on larvae of C. faviplumus and C. riparius were tested in the laboratory. In the most treatments it reached a statistically significant difference from the control condition. As the concentration of tebufenozide was increased, a relatively larger proportion of the observed mortality was associated with the metamorphosis and molting process. Also, the larval mortality of the first larvae was higher than the fourth-instar larvae in C. riparius. In terms of development, the effects of tebufenozide were delayed growth stage in relatively lower concentration such as 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L treatments. Based on the mortality, the susceptibility followed the first-instar C. riparius > the fourth-instar C. flaviplumus > the fourth-instal C. riparius. The morphological effects showed that the first and second segments of body of exposed larvae with tebufenozide expanded slowly and not made a complete cephalothorax of pupae during long times or days. And the head capsule slipped down and forward, revealing a fragile and non-pigmented, unsclerotized new head capsule. There was obvious significant difference in the male/female ratio in contaminated fourth larvae of C. riparius. Also, due to the different emergence periods of male/female in low insecticide concentrations, mating chances or opportunities of insects should be decreased. Accordingly, ecological strategies for keeping of sustainable populations should be disrupted.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2017

As the population ages, the life of women after menopause becomes much longer than the past, and the quality of life of old age becomes increasingly principal issue. There is a period that women experience the physical symptoms of menopause, although there are differences in degree, and the management of this period is a suitable time for women to improve their quality of life. According to the menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and Timing Hypothesis, which has been proven in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) and the Early vs Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE) study, a relatively young woman before and after menopause can benefit from long-term beneficial effects such as prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease by early initiation of hormone therapy to alleviate menopausal symptoms. MHT should be considered for all women in healthy (without other important diseases) menopausal years, expecting to improve their quality of life through symptom relief in menopausal women and, in the long term, to prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. When applying hormone therapy to individuals, it is necessary to establish various treatment strategies according to the menopausal symptoms of individual patients (individualization of treatment) and judge the suitability of clinical application.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.186-190
• /
• 2014

Background: Physical exercise during leisure time is known to increase physical capacity; however, the long-term effects on work ability and work strain are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month physical exercise program on work ability and work strain after 6 months and 30 months, among women with menopausal symptoms at baseline. Methods: A questionnaire including questions on work ability and work strain was mailed in the beginning, at 6 months and after 30 months after the intervention to occupationally active women participating in a randomized controlled study on physical exercise and quality of life. The intervention included aerobic exercise training 4 times per week, 50 minutes per session. Work ability was measured with the Work Ability Index (WAI) and with questions about physical and mental work strain. Results: Women aged 47-62 years (N=89) who were occupationally active at baseline were included in the analyses. The increase in WAI from baseline to the end of the exercise intervention (6 months) was statistically significantly greater among the intervention group than among the control group (regression coefficient 2.08; 95% confidence interval 0.71-3.46). The difference between the groups persisted for 30 months. No significant short- or long-term effects on physical and mental work strain were found. Conclusion: A 6-month physical exercise intervention among symptomatic menopausal women had positive short-term as well as long-term effects on work ability.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2013

As chemotherapy and other sophisticated treatment strategies evolve and the number of survivors of long-term childhood cancer grows, the long-term complications of treatment and the cancer itself are becoming ever more important. One of the most important but often neglected complications is osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture during and after cancer treatment. Acquisition of optimal peak bone mass and strength during childhood and adolescence is critical to preventing osteoporosis later in life. However, most childhood cancer patients have multiple risk factors for bone mineral loss. Cancer itself, malnutrition, decreased physical activity during treatment, chemotherapeutic agents such as steroids, and radiotherapy cause bone mineral deficit. Furthermore, complications such as growth hormone deficiency and musculoskeletal deformity have negative effects on bone metabolism. Low bone mineral density is associated with fractures, skeletal deformity, pain, and substantial financial burden not only for childhood cancer survivors but also for public health care systems. Thus, it is important to monitor bone health in these patients and minimize their risk of developing osteoporosis and fragility fractures later in life.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.45 no.10
• /
• pp.685-691
• /
• 2022

Early-life environmental factors can have persistent effects on physiological functions by altering developmental procedures in various organisms. Recent experimental and epidemiological studies now further support the idea that developmental programming is also present in mammals, including humans, influencing long-term health. Although the mechanism of programming is still largely under investigation, the role of endocrine glucocorticoids in developmental programming is gaining interest. Studies found that perinatal glucocorticoids have a persistent effect on multiple functions of the body, including metabolic, behavioral, and immune functions, in adulthood. Several mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in long-term programming. In this review, recent findings on this topic are summarized and the potential biological rationale behind this phenomenon is discussed.