• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.281-281
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• 2017

Recently, global warming by greenhouse gas effect is getting danger and danger for human life and agriculture at present. In Indonesia, according to heavy rain in the agriculture land is often covered by excess water in result crop growth would be affected negative. This water stress triggers roots failure in anaerobic condition for upland crop because of limiting roots respiration. Chili pepper grows in upland sometimes in touch with waterlogging due to rainfall and /or over flow water from river in Indonesia. In this case, roots growing is inhibited by effect of shortage of oxygen at root cap. Therefore, the objective of this study is to observe the plant behavior in waterlogging using mahor local genotypes (Ferosa, Laris, Romario) in Sumatra. The experiment was kept by at 1cm depth water above the soil surface as a waterlogged treatment for ---days. As a result, waterlogging affected plant growth of chili negatively, especially for roots growth. Almost roots were getting bad and changed color for brown during waterlogging. A significant negative effect for nutrient absorption by roots was found in dry weight of all varieties during waterlogging. Dry weight of roots was decreased by 81.4% and 67.6%, and those of aerial part decreased by 74% and 67.2% compared with control in Ferosa and Romario at 1week after treatment. On the other hand, dry weight of roots was decreased only 35% in Laris. Therefore, Laris has a tolerance for waterlogging compared to with other varieties. Also, Laris in SPAD value was kept initial level during waterlogging however those of Ferosa and Romario decreased. Finally, due to impact of waterlogging, it may be the roots become failure because of less aerenchyma formation under anaerobic condition. We need confirm aerenchyma formation morphologically in the future.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1459-1466
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• 2015

Lockscreen is one of the most frequently encountered interfaces by smartphone users. Although users perform unlocking actions every day, there are no benefits in using lockscreens apart from security and authentication purposes. In this paper, we replace the traditional lockscreen with an application that analyzes facial expressions in order to collect facial expression data and provide real-time feedback to users. To evaluate this concept, we have implemented Quantified Lockscreen application, supporting the following contributions of this paper: 1) an unobtrusive interface for collecting facial expression data and evaluating emotional patterns, 2) an improvement in accuracy of facial expression detection through a personalized machine learning process, and 3) an enhancement of the validity of emotion data through bidirectional, multi-channel and multi-input methodology.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.269-281
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• 2021

Land creeping is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement o f slope-forming soil or rock. Because creep-related failures occur frequently on a large scale without notice, they can be hazardous to both property and human life. Korea Forest Service has operated the prevention and response system from land creeping which has been on the rise since 2018. We categorized and proposed three survey steps (e.g., preliminary, regional, detailed) for investigation of creeping susceptibility site with a focus on geophysical mapping of a selected test site, Yongheung-dong, Pohang, Korea. The combination of geophysical (dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography and reciprocal seismic refraction technique, well-logging), geotechnical studies (standard penetrating test, laboratory tests), field mapping (tension cracks, uplift, fault), and comprehensive interpretation of their results provided the reliable information of the subsurface structures including the failure surface. To further investigate the subsurface structure including the sliding zone, we performed high-resolution geophysical mapping in addition to the regional survey. High-resolution seismic velocity structures are employed for stability analysis because they provided more simplified layers of weathering rock, soft rock, and hard rock. Curved slip plane of the land creeping is effectively delineated with a shape of downslope sliding and upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock in high-resolution electrical resistivity model with clay-mineral contents taken into account. Proposed survey steps and comprehensive interpretation schemes of the results from geological, geophysical, and geotechnical data should be effective for data sets collected in a similar environment to land-creeping susceptibility area.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.287-294
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out consumers' perceptions of "metaverse," a newly spotlighted technology, through big data analysis as a non-face-to-face society continues after the outbreak of COVID-19. This study conducted a big data analysis using text mining to analyze consumers' perceptions of metaverse before and after COVID-19. The top 30 keywords were extracted through word purification, and visualization was performed through network analysis and concor analysis between each keyword based on this. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the non-face-to-face society continued and metaverse emerged as a trend. Previously, metaverse was focused on textual data such as SNS as a part of life logging, but after that, it began to pay attention to virtual reality space, creating many platforms and expanding industries. The limitation of this study is that since data was collected through the search frequency of portal sites, anonymity was guaranteed, so demographic characteristics were not reflected when data was collected.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.646-655
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• 2015

A phytosociological survey carried out using the Z.-M. School’s methodology and system of numerical-classification analyses, this study sought to classify the syntaxa of forest vegetation on Mt. Byeokbang and to collect basic data on the transitional zones of the southern Korean peninsula’s coastal region. The syntaxa were classified into three physiognomic types and nine communities, including (1) evergreen coniferous forests (Eurya japonica-Pinus thunbergii community and Ardisia japonica-Pinus densiflora community), (2) summer-green, broad-leaved forests (Chloranthus japonicus-Quercus serrate community, Syneilesis palmata-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus acutissima community, Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana community, Fraxinus siebolidiana-Quercus dentate community, and Deutzia glabrata-Lindera erythrocarpa community), and (3) artificial afforestation (Alnus firma afforestation). The Chloranthus japonicus-Quercus serrata community, Syneilesis palmata-Quercus mongolica community, Fraxinus siebolidiana-Quercus dentata community, Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana, community and Deutzia glabrata-Lindera erythrocarpa community were closely evaluated for national vegetation naturalness. It was confirmed that the Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana community was endemic to Korea. Most syntaxa were defined as a secondary forestation due to various human activities (e.g., forest fires, logging, digging, climbing, etc.). The results of a canonical-correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that human activities, altitude, humus depth, rock cover ratio, slope, etc. were the main ecological factors determining the classified plant communities’ distribution patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder that can be operated comfortable small-scale logging operation in the steep terrain and also used at a variety of operations such as the civil work in erosion control and forest-road. Considering the minimum turning radius and the width of forest operation road, the total length, width and loading capacity of the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder is 5,750 mm, 1,900 mm and $2.5m^{3}$, respectively. The maximum engine power is 96ps at 3600 rpm. Selected hydraulic pumps are consists of two main pumps and two sub-main pumps. Main hydraulic pumps are utilized to running motor of the front wheel and rear crawler. Sub-main pumps are utilized to the actuation parts such as steering, crane, out-rigger and dump cylinder. The transmission was adapted as the HST (Hydro-Static Transmission) system. The driving parts are designed and manufactured as the front wheel type and the rear crawler type. The steering type was manufactured as the ackerman type. Driving control parts type was designed and manufactured as driver's seat type of normal cars. It is also attached on auxiliary equipments such as winch, log grapple and out-rigger. The traveling speed of the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder in forest road was 5.3 km/hr to 7.7 km/hr.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 1994

In Lentinus edodes(oak mushroom) cultivation, commonly are logs and sawdusts of oak and some other broadleaved tree species used. Recently oak trees have been substantially diminished due to extensive logging. Thus, to develop comparable synthetic formula using other tree species for the cultivation of Lentinus edodes, we investigated the effect of various nutrients and pretreatment on L. edodes mycelial growth in coniferous sawdusts(i.e., Pine and Larch). We found that 1.5 hr pretreatment of sawdust with hot water and adding 10% rice bran, 3% charcoal, 0.02% $NH_4CI$ and 0.5-1% lignosulfornic acid were effective for the growth of L. edodes in pine sawdust media. In larch sawdust pretreatment with acetone for one hr and adding 20% rice bran, 3% charcoal and 0.02% $NH_4CI$ increased L. edodes mycelial growth. We also analyzed the components of oak and coniferous sawdusts and found oak has higher content of xylose and lower content of lignin, arabinose and mannose than conifers. Rice bran, compared with BITEL(HOKKEN Co.) known for better commercial substitute for rice bran, has lower content of xylose and galactose, but the similar C/N ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a mobile tower-yarder with tractor for agriculture and forestry that is the efficient yarder in steep terrains, thinning operation and small scale logging operation. It was designed and manufactured that the power source of tower-yarder is equiped three hydraulic pump connected to PTO of tractor, and three hydraulic pump is used to operate the four motor for drum, the cylinder for clutch of interlocker, the cylinder for tower expanding and the out-rigger cylinder. It was to adopt the running skyline system and the inter-lock function, and to equip the double capstan drum, the storage drum and the clutch for interlock in the development of tower-yarder. It was to develop the tower-yarder which the winch torque of double-capstan drum, the traction force of double-capstan drum, the number of rotation of double-capstan drum and the line speed is $191kg{\cdot}m$, 1,910 kgf, 220.5 rpm and 138.5 m/min, respectively. And it was known that the optimum flange diameter of the main and haulback storage drum is about 360 mm and about 460 mm in order to storage the main line length of 250m and the haulback line length of 450 m. The carriage was made to adopt the running skyline system and to equip the lock function in order to the convenience of chocking and the fall down preventing of tree. It was provided to develop the wire remote controller for the inter-lock function, the convenience of control and the efficiency of yarding. In development process, this tower-yarder was attached the 3-point linkage hitch equipment and the tire wheel for the traction and moving of tower-yarder. Also, it was equipped that the out-rigger and the guy line in order to raise the safety and efficiency of yarding of tower-yarder.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.423-452
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• 2018

The possibility of future industrialization of artificial intelligence was studied through aspects of artificial intelligence art and movie. The field of artificial intelligence is developing by imitating humans through past and present, so it can be inferred that it is important to grasp the future image presented in movie and artificial intelligence art. Human values are represented differently in artificial intelligence films and arts. Artificial intelligence film and art are concerned with the external and internal aspects of human values, respectively. The AI movie looks at similar external aspects in human and AI shape and function, but artificial intelligence art deals with human alienation and lack of communication due to artificial intelligence technology development. Artificial intelligence in movies is a direction to visualize the imagination for artificial intelligence technology, and artificial intelligence art is expressed in the way of making and implementing works using technology. The future of artificial intelligence, which we have shown in imagination in movies today, is being realized technologically. Artificial intelligence art reflects the problems of artificial intelligence technology that can be appeared through current technology, and human problems that may arise from artificial intelligence technology development. Movies and artificial intelligence art reflect the current problems, and through them we can see the future of artificial intelligence. The future of artificial intelligence in movies is an artificial intelligence service that provides human convenience, cyborg artificial intelligence industry, industry that uses exoskeleton robot and exoskeleton suit, and artificial intelligence secretary. If we look at the future of artificial intelligence through the artificial intelligence art in terms of the problems of artificial intelligence technology and the problem of human value, there are artificial intelligence to learn from trial and error or mistakes, self-expression and communication by lifelogging, recovery of miscommunications by a reflective thinking, and an expansion of the area of artificial intelligence artist through human uncertainty. The future industrialization potential of artificial intelligence as study through aspects of artificial intelligence art and movie is an industry that extends the five senses, an industry that improves the insufficient physical ability of the human, an industry that enhances the physical ability of the human being, and an industry that maintains psychological and mental well-being.