• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.606-610
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• 2008

Phenoloxidase (PO), a melanin-forming enzyme around the foreign bodies, is an important component of the host defense system in invertebrates. Pro-PO is the enzymatically inactive zymogen form of PO. In the Drosophila genome, three Pro-PO isoforms have been identified to date. These include Pro-PO1 and 2, which are primarily expressed in crystal cells, and Pro-PO3, which is predominantly found in the lamellocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that Drosophila Pro-PO3, but not Pro-PO1 or 2, is enzymatically active in its zymogen form. These findings were evidenced by spectacular melanin forming capacities of various cells and tissues that overexpressed these pro-enzymes. Furthermore, the melanization phenotype observed in the lamellocyte-enriched $hop^{Tum-l}$ mutant was drastically reduced in the absence of PPO3, indicating that PPO3 plays a major role in the lamellocyte-mediated spontaneous melanization process. Taken together, these findings indicate that the biochemical properties, activation mode and in vivo role of Pro-PO3 are likely distinct from those of the other two Pro-PO enzymes involved in Drosophila physiology.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

This paper aims to clarify the effects of grinding conditions in form grinding of Sr-ferrite with the electro-plated diamond wheel. The main conclusions obtained were as follows. (1) The flexural strength and surface roughness of ferrite became the best at the peripheral wheel speed of 1700 m/min. (2) In the case of the depth of cut larger than 0.4mm, crack layers is induced in the ground surface, and the fracture type of chips exhibits slight ductile mode in the depth of cut smaller than 0.2mm. (3) Whe the depth of cut exceeds 0.6mm, the wheel life becomes extremely severe due to the large chipping and brack- age in the diamond grains. However, at the depth of cut .leq. 0.05mm, the diamond grain shows abrasive wear. (4) The decrease of flexural strength and the increase of surface roughness is in proportion to the increase of the feed rate. (5) Most effective nozzle setting angles with various delivery conditions of the grinding fluid, such as nozzle position .PHI. , flow rate Q, etc., were made clear.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.29-33
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• 1996

This paper aims to clatify the potimum grinding condition for the electroplated diamond wheel in form grinding of Sr-ferrite. The main conclusions obtained were as follows. (1) The flexural strength and surface roughness of ferrite became the highest at the peripheral wheel speed of 1700m/min. (2) In the case of depth of cut larger than 0.4mm, crack layers is induced in the ground surface, the fracture type of chips exhibits slight ductile mode in the depth of cut smaller than 0.2mm. (3) When the depth of cut exceed 0.6mm, the tool life becomes extermely short due to large chipping and brackage. However, at the depth of cut .geq. 0.05mm, the diamond grain shows abrasive wear. (4) The flexural strength and surface roughness increases in proportion to the feed rate.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2007

Two new marine sponges in the family Chalinidae, Haliclona (Haliclona) uljinensis n. sp. and Haliclona (Reniera) hongdoensis n. sp., are collected from Uljin and Hongdo Island, Korea during 2004-2007. H. (H.) uljinensis n. sp. is closely related to H. (H.) oculata in type of spicules. However, ectosomal skeleton of H. (H.) uljinensis n. sp. is reticulated and isodictyal reticulated type but H. (H.) oculata has not any dermal specialization in skeleton. The growth form of H. (H.) uljinensis n. sp. is thin encrusting with numerous cylindrical tubes on the surface but H. (H.) oculata is solid branch form. Haliclona (R.) hongdoensis n. sp. is closely related to H. (R.) aquaeductus in skeletal structure and growth form. However, oxeas of H. (R.) hongdoensis n. sp. are larger than H. (R.) aquaeductus's.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.205-208
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• 2008

Two new marine sponges in family Halichondriidae, Halichondria ulleungensis n. sp. and H. hongdoenesis n. sp. are collected from Ulleungdo Island and Hongdo Island, Korea by SCUBA diving during 2003-2004. H. ulleungensis n. sp. is similar to H. corrugata Diaz, Pomponi and van Soest, 1993 in the type of spicule, but it is different in growth form and choanosomal skeleton. The growth form is encrusting, with numerous erected cylindrical tube, comparing with massive-lobate of H. corrugata. The choanosomal skeleton is confused with loosely arranged oxea tract, comparing with densely tracts with many spicules of H. corrugata. H. hongdoenesis n. sp. is similar to H. surrubicunda Hoshino, 1981 in type of spicule and growth form, but this species has two kinds (thick and thin) of oxea.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2006

Tubulin is synthesized in the cell body and must be delivered to the axon to support axonal growth. However, the exact form in which these proteins, in particular tubulin, move within the axon remains contentious. According to the "polymer transport model", tubulin is transported in the form of microtubules. In an alternative hypothesis, the "short oligomer transport model", tubulin is added to existing, stationary microtubules along the axon. In this study, we measured the translocation of microtubule plus ends in soma segments, the middle of axonal shafts and the growth cone areas, by expressing GFP-EB3 in cultured Xenopus embryonic spinal neurons. We found that none of the microtubules in the three compartments were transported rapidly as would be expected from the polymer transport model. These results suggest that microtubules are stationary in most segments of the axon, thus supporting the model according to which tubulin is transported in nonpolymeric form in rapidly growing Xenopus neurons.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.10-11
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to validate the environmental performance of the 'eco-friendly lightweight form' in the construction process. Unlike existing euro form and aluminum form, the proposed form does not require form oil during the process of concrete casting and is lightweight because it is made of engineering plastic. Therefore, eco-friendly lightweight form will reduce the $CO_2$ emissions in the construction process. To verify the hypothesis, the study compared existing forms and eco-friendly light weight form's $CO_2$ emissions in each stage in construction process when using 1,000 forms and 100 times from the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) data. The total $CO_2$ emissions of the eco-friendly light weight form were 30,487kg $CO_2$, which equated to about 58% and 20% less emissions than the euroform and aluminum form. The result of the study verified that the eco-friendly lightweight form was effectively reduced $CO_2$ emission in the construction process.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

밭경작지는 건조한 환경조건과 지속적인 인간의 교란을 받는 곳으로서 국외에서 인위적 또는 자연적으로 국내에 유입된 외래식물들이 정착하여 귀화식물이 될 수 있는 좋은 장소를 제공한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 국내 밭경작지에 출현하는 귀화식물의 목록을 작성하고 이들의 생활형 특성, 귀화도, 귀화시기 등을 분석하였다. 식물상은 전국을 대상으로 2013년 5~6월과 8~9월에 전국 각 도별 4지역을 선정하여 총 222개 필지를 대상으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, 총 103과 320속 448종 2아종 74변종 15품종을 포함하는 539분류군의 식물종이 확인되었고 이 중 귀화식물은 23과 64속 91종 8변종으로 총 99분류군이었다. 전국 밭경작지의 도시화지수는 30.65%이며, 귀화율은 18.37%를 나타냈다. 밭경작지 귀화식물 중 국화과가 30분류군으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 벼과가 14분류군이었다. 휴면형으로 구분하면 귀화식물 99분류군 중 78분류군이 일년생식물이었다. 번식형 중 지하 기관형은 $R_5$식물이 86분류군으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 $R_3$식물이 11분류군으로 많이 출현하였다. 산포기관형은 $D_4$를 가진 것이 63분류군으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 D1을 가진 것이 26분류군으로 많았다. 생육형은 직립형 (e)이 26분류군으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 상대적으로 최근에 귀화하였지만 귀화도가 높은 귀화식물을 중심으로 그들의 생활형을 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 특성을 가진 식물들은 국내 유입 후 정착 및 전국적 확산 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단되었다. 그 특성은 풍수산포형 종자를 가진 것, 종자생산력이 높은 것, 종자의 수명이 긴 것, 종자의 발아율이 높은 것 및 휴면하지 않고 바로 발아하는 것이다. 이러한 특성을 가지는 귀화식물들은 향후 국내에서 분포지 확산을 주의 깊게 관찰할 필요성이 있을 것이다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2004

Forms provide meaning and deep correlation with human life All religion has symbolity through form expressions. The symbols of christanity is architectural interpreation to express the symbol of glories Form expression was Investigator from architectural design. Expression is regarded as important from the view of forms Form expressions are the motivation of expressing religion as an architectural factor. Form expression is one of proassing from architectural position Also it is the basic data of expressing glory from the architectural designer. So planning of church should be the harmony between city view and acceptance of love.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2009

Tumor therapy using cytokines has been developed for last two decades. Several recombinant cytokines and tumor cell vaccines produced by cytokine gene transfer have been in clinical trials, but several side effects hamper routine clinical applications. Many cytokines are originally expressed as membrane-bound form and then processed to secretory form exerting paracrine effects. Though functional differences of these two types of cytokines are elusive yet, the membrane-bound form of cytokine may exert its effects on restricted target cells as a juxtacrine, which are in physical contacts. With the efforts to improve antitumor activities of cytokines in cancer patients, developing new strategies to alleviate life-threatening side effects became an inevitable goal of tumor immunologists. Among these, tumor cell vaccines expressing cytokines as membrane-bound form on tumor cell surface have been developed by genetic engineering techniques with the hope of selective stimulation of the target cells that are in cell-to-cell contacts. In this review, recent progress of tumor cell vaccines expressing membrane-bound form of cytokines will be discussed.