• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 2001

In the conventional development methodologies, requirements are considered to be not changing after the analysis phase. But in the real world requirements can be changed and modified through out the development life cycle according to end-user's more understanding about the target system. new IT technologies, changes of customer environment and market situation, and so on. In this paper, an idea of improving the requirements specification to extend requirements management over the whole development life cycle is proposed to resolve the requirements management problem of development methodologies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

This paper analyzes causal relationship between rural experience and settlement. Structural Equation Modeling is the combination of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis which can explain causal relation between factors. Rural perception factor has conceptualized positive sector (attitude, values) and negative sector (perceived risk, sentiment). Statistically significant causality results are as follows. People think about migration into rural when they have high level of attitude about rural but fear of rural life make avoid migration into rural. When people have fear of rural life, they also have bad feeling about rural infrastructure and facility. Attitude of rural, values of rural and low fear of rural life gives positive influence to satisfaction. Satisfaction gives positive influence to migration into rural.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

When designing Water Distribution System (WDS), determination of life cycle for WDS needs to be preceded. And designer should conduct comprehensive design including maintenance and management strategies based on the determined life cycle. However, there are only a few studies carried out until now, and criteria to determine life cycle of WDS are insufficient. Therefore, methodology to determine life cycle of WDS is introduced in this study by using Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA). LCEA adapts energy as an environmental impact criterion and calculates all required energy through the whole life cycle. The model is build up based on the LCEA methodology and model itself can simulate the aging and breakage of pipes through the target life cycle. In addition the hydraulic analysis program EPANET2.0 is linked to developed model to analyze hydraulic factors. Developed model is applied to two WDSs which are A WDS and B WDS. Model runs for 1yr to maximum 100yr target life cycle for both WDSs to check the energy tendency as well as to determine optimal life cycle. Results show that 40yr and 54yr as optimal life cycle for each WDS, and tendency shows the effective energy is keep changing according to the target life cycle. Introduced methodology is expected to use as an alternative option for determining life cycle of WDS.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.84-87
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• 2009

This study aims to analyze characteristics of residents' housing life-style targeting Gatdui area and Daean area where the housing environment improvement project is carried out in the form of rehabilitation housing renewal program of old residence of the downtown area in Kyungju. This is in order to examine realistic problems of the method of residential improvement project, where residents' voluntary participation and preferences are low for low-income residents by seeking the methods of rehabilitation which correspond with the fundamental objective of the housing environment improvement project for low-income residents in urban areas. Based on the survey, we analyzed residents' satisfaction level with the current way of living and preferred ways of living and the planar pattern of houses in surveyed areas, and examined the housing environment improvement methods for residents living in the urban slam areas and perception of subjects. Survey analysis used statistics program SPSS14.0. As a result, of it, it was found that residents in surveyed areas were relatively satisfied with the current way of living but in the preferred housing life-style, they were demanding some change. This paper is significant in that it aims at change in paradigm of improvement of residential areas through renewal of urban deteriorated residence that characteristics of changing living space are compromised depending on living habitude left, and changing life style, and it proposes the directions of the housing environment improvement plan in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1651-1664
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• 2013

Precise analysis on deterioration processes of road pavements is not so simple matter due to severe uncertainty originated from a lot of explanatory variables engaged in. For those reasons, most analytical models for pavement deterioration prediction have often preferred to probabilistic approaches than deterministic models. However, the general probabilistic approaches that treat overall characteristics of population or entire sample would not be suitable for providing detail or localized information on their changing process. Considering the aspects, this paper aimed to suggest a stochastic disaggregation method to analyze the localized deterioration speeds and its variances changed by time and condition states. In addition, life expectancies and their uncertainty were estimated by probabilistic algorithm using the disaggregated stochastic process. For an empirical study, pavement inspection data (crack) accumulated from 2003 to 2010 from Korean national highway network was applied. This study can contribute to securing reliability of life cycle cost analysis, which is one of the primary analyses in road asset management, with much advanced deterioration forecasting functions. In addition, it would be meaningful trials as fundamental research for preventive maintenance strategy that demands essential understanding on changing process of the deterioration speed of pavement.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.181-196
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• 2002

The functions of the clothing have been changed rapidly in modern society. That means people want to show oneself strongly by the clothing. In other words, the social aspect of the clothing's function which is the expression of own's personality and satisfaction one's desire is emphasized. This study is aimed at taking a look at the functions of modern clothing. The modern clothing has the various functions which are related to the changing of the social system. The result of the study are as follows: With the differentiation of society and institutionalization, the clothing is recognized as the medium which shows one's status and is restricted by people. In modern society as mass society, the system of the social position collapsed. People has the inclination to express own's consciousness, personality and existence intensely. Also, the functions of clothing became diverse. That means the clothing is influenced by the human's consciousness, a sense of values and became the medium which reflects the people's life. This change of the costume means the clothing focus on the functional factor of the free-style clothing getting out of rational value. Therefore, the change of clothing is not the change of the design but the change of value of the clothing, one's way of thinking about the clothing, the change of human life in whole society and the culture. With the changing way of life, the change of the clothing has the system in which the design changes. Therefore, I found that the we have to take a look not the change of the factors which influence the fashion but the functions of the clothing itself.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.388-409
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• 2017

This study was to explore experiences of Female Ex-offender's re-entry process to socialization. For this, 9 female ex-offenders who receive housing support by the Korea Rehabilitation Agency were interviewed and the Strauss and Corbin's ground theory is used to approach to the data. In open coding, 88 concepts, 33 subcategories, and 15categories emerged from the data. In axial coding, central phenomenon were 'indulge in self pity', 'being isolated female ex-offender'. Intervention condition was 'human cooperation system'. Strategies were 'increase the receptiveness', 'establish the foundation'. Consequences were 'finding the stability in the life', 'changing the life direction'. In selective coding, main theme was 'overcome social stigma through changing life-direction and acclimate to society', and four phases were derived from the data. Based upon this results outcome, need of female ex-offender in the process of social transition and their experience were discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.252-257
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of external scapular stabilization on the isometric strength of shoulder flexor muscle in subjects with and without scapular winging and conditions with and without external scapular stabilization. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with and without scapular winging were enrolled. Two groups were classified using clinical and diagnostic tests to divide the groups with and without scapular winging (15 with scapular winging 15 without scapular winging). The isometric strength of the shoulder flexor was measured using a tensiometer. The isometric strength was evaluated in the sitting position with and without an external scapular stabilization. The external scapular stabilization was provided with the examiner's hand to fix scapular winging during shoulder flexion. The changing value was calculated to determine the isometric strength difference between shoulder flexion with and without the external scapular stabilization in each group. The changing value between isometric strength of shoulder flexor with and without scapular winging was compared using the independent t-test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: In the group with scapular winging, the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position was greater with an external scapular stabilization than without an external scapular stabilization (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the subjects without scapular winging between conditions with or without an external scapular stabilization (p>0.05). Conclusion: The external scapular stabilization in the individuals with scapular winging may increase shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify groups depending on the four years of changing trajectories in self-efficacy and its relationship with life satisfaction and interpersonal competence of adults with disabilities who were aged above 25. The 1st to 4th year of the second wave from Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) was used to identify the groups and explore their relationship with life satisfaction and interpersonal competence through growth mixture modeling. The results identified three latent classes according to changing trajectories in self-efficacy: a 'high level-increasing group', an 'average level-increasing group', and a 'low level-stable group'. These three groups showed different characteristics in life satisfaction and interpersonal competence. For example, life satisfaction for groups decreased from the 'high level-increasing group' to the 'low level-stable group' and interpersonal competence increased in both 'high level-increasing group' and 'average level-increasing group', whereas it was stabilized in the 'low level-stable group'. These findings suggest that the life satisfaction and interpersonal competence of adults with disabilities are associated with their self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

An axle drive shaft with double joint shaft, cross kit and yoke has an important role by transferring power and changing steering angle between axle and wheel in power train system. It has been used widely in the heavy machinery requiring a high reliability in the power train system. At fatigue failures of the axle drive shaft with the long span, a relatively high stress concentration at a snap ring groove on the drive shaft brings to significant fatigue damages under repeated loading condition. As Peterson's suggestions on this study, a relief groove in the vicinity of the snap ring groove is applied by decreasing the stress concentration and improving the fatigue life of axle drive shaft. By using FEM analysis, the decreasing effect of the stress concentration and extended fatigue life are due to the change of design parameters related with size and location of the relief groove. The relief groove with the design parameters such as d/b=2.0 and r/h=1.2 enables to decrease the stress concentration of 22.3% and increase the fatigue life more than 3 times by comparing with no relief groove application.