• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.115-132
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• 1993

This study was designed with the purpose to analyze the factor structure of family life events and to clear the influence of related variables on family life events. The frequence of experienced events and the degree of importance of events which were the constituent components of family life events was estimated by the 650 married woman in Kangju. The results were as follows: 1. 15 factors of family life events derived by factor analysis: F.1「Expenditure and economic loss」, F.2「Growth and change of children」, F.3「Change of family structure」, F.4「Family's change」, F.5「Change of life level」, F.6「Family's social problem」, F.7「Need of care」, F.8「Family's health」, F.9「Marital relationship」, F.10「Family's social damage」, F.11「Breach with acquaintance」, F.12「Financial difficulties」F.13「Husband's problem」, F.14「Housewives' social activity」, F.15「Kinship's support」. 2. There frequence of experienced family life events such as expenditure and economic loss and breach with acquaintance was highest. 3. The degree of importance about experienced family life events such as growth and change of children was highest. 4. Age, family life cycle have significantly differenced on the degree of importance and the frequence of experienced events. 5. Education's level, family size, income, housewives' employment and family structure have differently differenced on the degree of importance and the frequence of experienced events according event factor.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.218-226
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• 2007

Objectives : This study examined the relationship of parent-related negative life events with mental health and delinquent behaviors among Korean adolescents. Methods : A total of 2,976 high school first-grade pupils (1,498 boys & 1,478 girls) taking part in the third wave of Korean Youth Panel Survey completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding parent-related life events, depressive feelings, suicidal ideation, delinquent behaviors, demographic characteristics, parental socioeconomic status, social support, and social capital. Data analyses were conducted using multivariate logistic regression. Results : After adjusting for all covariates, the more parent-related negative life events adolescents experienced throughout their whole life, the more likely adolescent were to have mental and behavioral problems. A significant dose-response relationship between them was more clearly observed in girls than in boys. The experience of parentrelated negative events during childhood was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and delinquent behaviors for boys, and with depressive feelings for girls during adolescence. Indeed, parental social support, social capital, and having a close friend with delinquent behaviors, especially for girls, partially mediated the relationship between parent-related negative life events and both outcomes. Conclusions : The study showed a clear dose-response relationship of frequency of parent-related negative life events with poor mental and behavioral health for both genders. The residual effect of being exposed to parent-related events during childhood on mental health and delinquent behaviors during adolescence still remained.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 1987

The life changes of TMJ patients were evaluated through the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) questionnaire. 61 female TMJ patients and 80 dental new female outpatients were studied at the TMJ Clinics, Department of Oral Diagnosis, PNUH from February to September 1987. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The life change unit (LCU) totals and number of life events in the TMJ patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects, especially during the 1-6 months before presentation for the hospital. 2. There was no significant difference in the number of the high-scored (over 150 LCU totals) between the TMJ patients and the control subjects. 3. There was a significant difference in LCU totals and life events between the TMJ patients and the control subjects by age, despite no difference in LCU totals and life events between the young and the advanced subgroups. 4. The LCU totals and the number of life events in the TMJ patients over 13-year-school age were significantly higher than those in the control subjects over 13-year-school age and the TMJ patients under 12-year-school age. 5. The married subgroup in the TMJ patients showed no significant difference in LCU totals and life events as compared with the unmarried one. 6. Categorizing life events into 6 items (marital life, health, occupation, family, finances and social), the TMJ patients had the higher frequencies in marital life and occupation than the control.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2000

This study was designed and performed to identify the effects of oriental medical therapy on hwabyung patients by investigating the life events as the cause of Hwabyung, recent stress perception which influences the clinical appearances and change of symptoms by means of objective scales. 1. Through life events rating scale, life events are reported as follows, in the order of majority. Health, discord within family, martial life, friendship and interest, religion etc. Hwabyung patients experienced negative stress much more than positive stress. 2. Through the GARS (Global Assessment of Recent Stress), there were some significant decreases of stress perception in stress4(stress of sickness or injury), stress7(stress of change or no change in routine) and stress8(overall global stress)(p<0.05, respectively), but there were no significant decreases in five items out of eight items. 3. There were significant decreases of all rated symptoms(feeling of chest oppressed, stuffy in the chest or epigastric mass, feeling of something pushing-up, flushing of body or face, abrupt impulsion of anger, resentment), which were checked weekly for 4 times (p<0.05, respectively). In this study the symptoms of hwabyung were improved regardless of stress perception. It means that hwabyung can be improved significantly with oriental medical therapy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate depression of mothers with children in early childhood and to identify predictors by income level. Methods: The research was conducted with 1,761 data from the 3rd wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data. Independent variables were socio-demographic data, self-esteem, normative life-events, non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict, social support. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: Significant factors of depression of female in low-income were non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict. In middle class, significant factors were education, birth order of children, self-esteem, normative and non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict, sociable support. At last, we found that marital conflict was the biggest factor for depression of female in low-income and parenting stress was the most powerful predictor in middle class. Conclusions: Mother's depression has a enormous impacts on development of children in early childhood. Therefore It is required to prevent depression in mothers and it is important to intervene at the early stage of depression. Results of this study showed a different pattern of predictors by income level. Therefore, Intervention and services for a mother's depression should change the direction depending on the level of income.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

The life changes of TMJ patients were evaluated through the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) questionnaire. 33 recurred TMD patients and 32 new TMD patients were studied at the TMJ clinics, Department of Oral Medicine, PNUH from September 2005 to August 2006. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The life change unit(LCU) totals in the recurred TMD patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects, during the $7{\sim}12$ months before presentation for the hospital. 2. The life change unit(LCU) totals in the recurred TMD patients were higher a little than those in the control subjects during a year before presentation for the hospital. 3. There was no significant difference in LCU totals and life events between the recurred TMD patients and the control subjects by age. 4. There was no significant difference in LCU totals and life events between the married group and unmarried group in the subjects.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 2017

The objective of this study are to analyze changes in future rainfall patterns in the Soyang-dam watershed according to the RCP 4.5 scenario of climate change. Second objective is to project peak flow and hourly sediment simulated for the future extreme rainfall events using the SWAT model. For these, accuracy of SWAT hourly simulation for the large scale watershed was evaluated in advance. The results of model calibration showed that simulated peak flow matched observation well with acceptable average relative error. The results of future rainfall pattern changes analysis indicated that extreme storm events will become more severe and frequent as climate change progresses. Especially, possibility of occurrence of large scale extreme storm events will be greater on the periods of 2030-2040 and 2050-2060. In addition, as shown in the SWAT hourly simulation for the future extreme storm events, more severe flood and turbid water can happen in the future compared with the most devastating storm event which occurred by the typhoon Ewiniar in 2006 year. Thus, countermeasures against future extreme storm event and turbid water are needed to cope with climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.279-284
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to propose the baseline data for the development of a stress measurement tool for primary school students. The data were collected from 650 students from four primary schools in the Chon-buk area from April 1 to May 30, 1995. Through a pretest and literature review a questionaire was designed with 57 stressors experienced by school children in daily life. Reliability of the tool was tested by a Cronbach's alpha and the result was ${\alpha}=.9137$. Factor analysis was applied to organize the 57 items together. As the result, 8 factors were obtained and these factors explained 40% of the variance. The 8 factors were: 1) Life events related to family, 2) Conflict related to friend & senior or junior, 3) Educational attitude of parents, 4) Own personality, 5) School life events, 6) Scolding by teacher and parent, 7) Conflict with interpersonal relationship, and 8) Change of situation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2011

Objectives: The questionnaire of occupational stress index (OSI) has been popular in the workplace, and it has been tailored for bus drivers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, its outcomes for participants are based on self-evaluations, thus validation by their physiological stress biomarker is warranted and this is the main goal of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study of sixty-three city bus drivers and fifty-four supporting staffs for comparison was conducted. Questionnaire surveys, 24-hour urine cortisol testing, and blood draws for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) testing were performed. The measured concentrations of these biological measures were logarithmically transformed before the statistical analysis where various scores of stressor factors, moderators, and stress effects of each OSI domain were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression models. Results: For drivers, the elevated 24-hour urine cortisol level was associated with a worker's relationship with their supervisor and any life change events in the most recent 3 months. The DHEA-S level was higher in drivers of younger age as well as drivers with more concerns relating to their salary and bonuses. Non-drivers showed no association between any stressor or satisfaction and urine cortisol and blood DHEA-S levels. Conclusion: Measurements of biomarkers may offer additional stress evaluations with OSI questionnaires for bus drivers. Increased DHEA-S and cortisol levels may result from stressors like income security. Prevention efforts towards occupational stress and life events and health promotional efforts for aged driver were important anti-stress remedies.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2014

The meanings of colors vary with time and space. For the most important events in a person's life, such as wedding or funeral, people use color to symbolize their identities or roles. Traditionally, the colors of dress had indicated the wearer's age, class, or marital status in Korea. However, Korea's exposure to western cultures has affected in many dimensions of its modern history. Especially, influenced by social change, the traditional dress has undergone many modifications in forms, silhouettes, materials, and color. However, women's mourning dress has been maintained as a long lasting tradition and the use of white in mourning dress has been regarded as a norm until recently, while men have worn a regular black suit with a black tie. But, the shift from white to black in mourning dress has been observed in recent mourning practices. To examine this change of color in Korean traditional mourning dress, a historical approach utilizing multiple resources, such as interview, observations of events, documents, and archival records was applied.