• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to provide the standard value of the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) measurement on the daily life independence of the elderly in Korea and examine the effects of this test on their daily lives. METHODS: This study was conducted on elderly people over 65 years of age living in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. FTSST was performed while sitting position on a chair. The subjects were classified into independent and dependent living groups according to their lifestyle, and their influence was then examined through logistic regression analysis. To determine the usefulness and cut-off value of the FTSST, the analysis was performed using the ROC curve. RESULTS: The elderly were more likely to live in a group rather than independently as the FTSST time increased (p<.05) (OR=1.098). The area of the lower part of the ROC curve was .707, and as the FTSST increased, a subject was more likely to live in a group rather than independently (p<.05). The cut-off value was assigned to the point where both the specificity and sensitivity were at the coordinates. The sensitivity and specificity were .626 and .753, respectively at 15.62 seconds. CONCLUSION: The elderly in Korea are more likely to live a group-dependent lifestyle than live independently; the likelihood of this outcome is increased further for every additional second beyond 15.62 seconds. The loss of independence of daily life could be predicted based on the status of a subject's lower leg strength using the FTSST.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.185-209
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to examine middle school students' career attitude maturity with five career elements(career decisiveness, goal orientation, confidence, preparation, and independence) related to relational(parent, teacher, friend) and school adjustment (school life, instruction, environment) variables. To accomplish this, 467 collected data was passed through correlation, and simple and multiple regression analysis using SPSS win 12. The main finding was that friend's support was highly correlated to and significantly affected career preparation and independence of the students. School life and instruction were also highly correlated to their career preparation. Parents' and teachers' support affected their career decisiveness. Their school life was an important factor to influence career decisiveness, preparation, and independence of the students. Generally, friends' support and school life of the students were the most important factors that affected the students' career preparation and independence. From the findings, this study suggests that middle schools need to provide more vocational education, diverse after-school activities, and teacher training to support middle school students' career attitude maturity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1402-1408
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of self-care in elders with dementia through a review of nursing literature and to provide more understanding of the definition and perspectives of the concept of self-care notion in elders with dementia. Methods: The technique developed by Walker and Avant was used as a guide in analyzing the concept of self-care. Results: Attributes of self-care in dementia may include a single or group of actions needed for sustaining life, a personal effort to maintain functional independence while minimizing other's assistance, an outcome behavior from the person's interaction with inter-personal and/or contextual environment, and a functional ability that may decline in parallel to cognitive impairment. Antecedents of self-care in dementia may include at least presence of a certain degree of cognitive appraisal for the self-care needs, self-willingness for the self-care action, spatial and visual orientation, cultural pre-conception of the self-care behavior, presence of environmental context/equipment available for self-care, and sufficient time available. The consequences may include sustaining of life, feel of satisfaction, achieving independence, extended life expectancy, increased self-confidence, decreased caregiver distress and/or burden, savings in health care costs. Discussion: Defining attributes and antecedents and consequences of self-care in dementia identified in this study provided empirical ground of a middle-range theory of self-care for a clinical population with dementia and generated possible hypotheses to be tested in future studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.533-540
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Client-centered mental practice on activities of daily living and quality of life with stroke. For 16 persons with stroke, we executed Client-centered mental practice for 4 weeks, five times per week, and 30 minutes each time. Before and after the Client-centered mental practice, the patients were tested with Functional Independence Measure(FIM) and Stroke specific quality of life(SS-QOL). After the Client-centered mental practice, the subjects showed significant changes in the score of FIM and SS-QOL(p<0.05). The results of this study show that Client-centered mental practice for persons with stroke is a useful therapeutic approach by enhancing through improving their activities of daily living and quality of life.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.67-81
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• 2013

This study examined the relations among toddlers' temperament, maternal parenting, and toddlers' social withdrawal and aggression. One hundred and two mothers of two-year-old children (49 boys and 53 girls) completed questionnaires and Q-sort. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. First, toddlers' pleasure was negatively related to social withdrawal, while social fearfulness was positively related to social withdrawal. Also, toddlers' activity level and anger proneness were positively related to aggression. Second, the encouragement of independence in maternal parenting was negatively linked to toddlers' social withdrawal, and maternal rejection was positively linked to toddlers' aggression. Third, toddlers' pleasure and interest/persistence were positively associated with mothers' encouragement of independence, and toddlers' activity level and anger proneness were positively associated with mothers' rejection. Finally, mothers' encouragement of independence acted as a mediator between toddlers' pleasure and social withdrawal. Also, toddlers' activity level and anger proneness influenced aggression through maternal rejection. These results indicate that toddlers' temperament and maternal parenting play crucial roles in the development of toddlers' maladaptive behaviors such as social withdrawal and aggression.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2020

Purpose: The study sought to determine whether goal achievement, performance, satisfaction, activities of daily living, and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy are positive affected by goal-oriented functional task training. Methods: In a single case study, two 7-year-old girls diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy were given functional task training based on individualized goals for 24 60-minute sessions over a period of 6 months. The individualized goals reflected the needs of both children and parents. The Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM) and the goal attainment scale (GAS) were used to measure goal performance and satisfaction before and after intervention. Independence of activities of daily living before and after intervention were assessed using the functional independence measure for children (Wee-FIM). And change of gross motor function were assessed using gross motor function measure (GMFM). Results: Clinically significant changes were observed in COPM and GAS, as well as positive changes in independence of gross motor function and activities of daily living. Conclusion: The findings indicate that goal-oriented functional task training addresses the needs of children with spastic cerebral palsy, which increases treatment satisfaction and has a positive effect on independent activities and participation in daily life.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to explore quality of life (QOL) in patients with stomach cancer by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Instrument- Korean version. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one (31) patients with stomach cancer after curative resection were recruited with informed consent. Age- and gender-matched hospital staff served as controls. The 100-item WHOQOL Instrument, including physical domain, psychological domain, social domain, independence domain, environment domain, and spiritual domain, was employed for the all subjects. Results: In patients with stomach cancer after operation, only two domains, physical and independence, were associated with worse quality of life. In those domains, patients with advanced stage, with total gastrectomy, with adjuvant chemotherapy, and early or late postoperative period ($\leqq$2 years or >5 years after operation), could be perceived of having a worse quality of life. Conclusion: Not only scientific objective success but also individual subjective perception of condition could be important for managing patients with stomach carcinomas after curative resection. In this context, the WHOQOL reflecting multi-dimensional state of well being could be a useful tool across a variety of cultural and value systems in the world.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.24
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• pp.19-31
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• 2011

This article examines the historical view of Benito $P{\acute{e}}rez$ $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ in his historical novel named "Zaragoza" and "$C{\acute{a}}novas$" by comparing with Numancia of Cervantes. In front of the national survival crisis, $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ recognizes that it is necessary that Spain should recover humanity and morality on basis of the krausist ideal. The krausists warned subjective idealism, stressing on free-will and moral conscience in a harmonious balance of rationality. Without refusing patriotism, they warned egoistic patriotism deformed by national selfishness or nationalism. Giner de los Ríos insisted on a necessity of harmonizing national inclination and universal one. $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ emphasizes that the identity of Spain is not possession of privileged class but sweat and tears of the mass of people in daily life. He represents Efemera as the ideal history on the basis of Unamuno's 'intrahistoria', by which, instead of $Luk{\acute{a}}cs^{\prime}$ progressive history, we can peep into a historical poetics of human free nature and vividness of discontinuous and endless shifting. According to the sub-history, we come to the conclusion that $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ and Cervantes would lay emphasis on sub-history, aiming to essence of Spanish soul originated from national landscape and people's daily life.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1045-1063
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• 2008

This paper derives conversion formulas from yearly-based absolute rates of decrements to monthly-based rates of decrement due to cause j under FI (fractional age independence) assumption that is a generalization of UDD assumption. Next, it suggests conversion formulas from monthly-based absoluterates of decrements to monthly-based rates of decrement due to cause j under FI assumption. In addition, it calculates conversion formulas from yearly-based rates of decrement due to cause j to the corresponding monthly-based absolute rates of decrements under FI assumption. Some numerical examples are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.213-240
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• 2017

In the harsh period for young adults to prepare their successful life, this study aimed to understand the specific experiences of independence transition among homeless young adults. Also this article explored how their family perform as a supportive system for their independence. Using in depth interview materials of 19~39 aged 8 young homeless males, the research analyzed their family's weak support; no family members, no economic support and breaking relationship. As to occasion of independence, the participants sometimes experienced loss of house, evacuation by their family or runaway from their home. It was abrupt and unexpected leaving home. Also their process of independence was beyond their capacity that they suffered from instability job and destitute rather than continuous mental trauma and isolation. In the end they faced serious risky situations that they cannot manage without any help. The findings of this study suggest that quality of family relationship would be more important than economic capital from family and transition to adulthood of vulnerable young adults who don't have family support need much alternative supportive system and social capital.