• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Exercise increases the expression and interaction of major neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at both central and peripheral tissues, which contributes to improved brain and neural plasticity and cognitive function. Previous findings have been to understand the effect of light or moderate intensity aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function, not that of high intensity aerobic exercise. However, recent findings suggest that high intensity interval training is a safe, less time-consuming, efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control, thus American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM)’s guidelines for exercise prescription for various adult populations also recommend the application of high intensity interval training to promote their overall health. High intensity interval training also enhances the expression of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF at the brain and peripheral tissues, which improves cognitive function. Increased frequency of intermittent hypoxia and increased usage of lactate as a supplementary metabolic resource at the brain and neural components are considered a putative physiological mechanism by which high intensity interval training improves neurotrophic factors and cognitive function. Therefore, future studies are required to understand how increased hypoxia and lactate usage leads to the improvement of neurotrophic factors and what the related biological mechanisms are. In addition, by comparing with the iso-caloric moderate continuous exercise, the superiority of high intensity interval training on the expression of neurotrophic factors and cognitive function should be demonstrated by associated future studies.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to estimate the shelf-life of Tteokgalbi containing dietary fiber extracted from rice bran by using the predictive microbiology. This Tteokgalbi was made with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% dietary fiber. The number of total viable cells, anaerobic, psychrotrophic, and heat-stable bacteria and coliforms was calculated during 15 days of storage under $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and the obtained data was applied to Baranyi function. The evaluation of fitness between predicted and observed data showed that these were matched in a satisfactory way. Heat-stable bacteria was detected lower than <1 log CFU/g and coliforms were not detected during the storage. The changes of total viable cells and psychrotrophic bacteria in Tteokgalbi were increased gradually, but dramatically increased after 3 days of storage. The models of total viable cells and anaerobic bacteria showed very similar growth trends and values of growth parameters each other. The estimated shelf-life of each Tteokgalbi was calculated from the predictive model of total viable cells and the estimated shelf-life was 1.7, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.4 days, respectively. The results suggested that the prediction of bacteria growth could be used to evaluate the microbiological safety and determine the shelf-life of Tteokgalbi as ready-to-eat food in the local market.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic rhythmical exercise program on $VO_2$ max, leg strength, grip strength, flexibility, exercise self-efficacy and quality of life in elderly. This quai-experimental study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest study. 36 subjects, aged between 65 and 73 years who have normal cognition. sensory function and cerebellum function participated in this study. 19 experimental group subjects participated aerobic rhythmical exercise program. Aerobic rhythmical exercise program was developed on the basis of calisthenics, stretching, aerobic exercise, Korean traditional dance and music by the author. The program consisted of approximately 1 hours of exercise, 3 times a week for 9 weeks. During 1 hours workout, there were 15 minutes of warm-up dancing, 35 minutes of conditioning dance and 10 minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was between $40\%\;and\;60\%$ of age adiusted maximum heart rates. The $VO_2$ max, grip strength, leg strength, flexibility, exercise self-efficacy and quality of life were measured prior to and following the experimental treatment. Data were analyzed with $x^2-test$, t-test, mean, standard deviation. percentage of change and ANCOVA test using SAS program. Results were obtained as follows. 1. The $VO_2$ max of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=7.76, p=0.008). 2. The grip strength of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=4.61, p=0.039). 3. The leg strength of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=9.29, p=0.000). 4. The was no significantly difference of flexibility between experimental and control group 5. The self-efficacy of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=43.40, p=0.000). 6. The quality of life of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the aerobic rhythmical exercise program(F=8.91. p=0.005). The results suggest that aerobic rhythmical exercise program can improve $VO_2$ max, grip strength. leg strength. exercise self-efficacy and quality of life elderly. Thus. aerobic rhythmical exercise program was a useful nursing intervention for elderly.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2504-2526
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• 2016

Wireless sensors are always deployed in brutal environments, but as we know, the nodes are powered only by non-replaceable batteries with limited energy. Sending, receiving and transporting information require the supply of energy. The essential problem of wireless sensor network (WSN) is to save energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. This paper presents a new communication protocol for WSN called Dynamical Threshold Control Algorithm with three-parameter Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization based on residual energy (DPA). We first use the state of WSN to partition the region adaptively. Moreover, a three-parameter of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed and a new fitness function is obtained. The optimal path among the CHs and Base Station (BS) is obtained by the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm based on residual energy. Dynamical threshold control algorithm (DTCA) is introduced when we re-select the CHs. Compared to the results obtained by using APSO, ANT and I-LEACH protocols, our DPA protocol tremendously prolongs the lifecycle of network. We observe 48.3%, 43.0%, and 24.9% more percentages of rounds respectively performed by DPA over APSO, ANT and I-LEACH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2021

PURPOSE: Aging causes a decrease in muscle mass and a change in posture, which reduces motor function and makes it difficult to perform daily activities independently. As these factors are closely related to the deterioration of the quality of life, it is very important to prevent and manage negative changes in the musculoskeletal system. Forest healing is a nature therapy course that maintains and promotes health using various environmental factors in a forest. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the forest healing anti-aging programs on the physical health of the elderly. METHODS: Ten elderly people participated in this study, as part of a forest healing anti-aging program for two days. Functional fitness, muscle strength, gait function, and balance were evaluated before and after the program. RESULTS: The number of arm curls, chair stands, and steps in a 2-min walk significantly increased (p < .05). 8-feet up & go time was significantly decreased (p < .05). Biceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscle strength were significantly increased (p < .05). Gait velocity and cadence were significantly increased (p < .05). Step length, stride length, step time, swing time, stance time, and cycle time were significantly decreased (p < .05). Reaching distance in the lateral directions was significantly increased (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The forest healing anti-aging program improves the physical health of the elderly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2010

Good health-related quality of life is regarded as the goal of elderly residential care. Treatment for breast cancer produces side effects that diminish functional capacity and quality of life among survivors. Tai-Chi exercise offers the benefits of fitness and health. Tai-chi has been claimed to generate beneficial effects with respect to a wide range of diseases. The object of this research is to evaluate the effects of tai chi exercise on shoulder joint movement and cardiovascular function in elderly breast cancer patients. The subjects were 40 patients residing in B metropolitan city, who had undergone surgery for breast cancer within 2 months. They underwent post-operative radiotherapy and an anti-cancer chemical treatment. They practiced tai-chi exercise for 60 min a day, four times a week for 12 weeks under the direction of a special tai-chi instructor. Shoulder joint movement and heart rate, were measured before and after the experiment. The results were as follows; Shoulder joint movement, including flexion, extention, adduction and abduction, significantly increased (p<0.05) after treatment, and heart rates significantly decreased after treatment (p<0.05). From the results, Tai-Chi exercise was shown to be extremely effective in improving shoulder joint movement and heart rate in elderly breast cancer patients. Further study is needed in this area.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

A female preference is a potentially complex function relating variation in multiple male traits with her probability of accepting the most optimal individuals as a mate. If mate preference is dominantly driven by additive fitness benefits, different females tend to be congruent in the decision of choice, whereas females will not necessarily share their mate preferences if non-additive benefits more strongly operate. Here, a sequential blocked design ($4{\times}4$) was applied to experimentally assess the relative contribution of additive and non-additive components to the female mate preference with Korean rosy bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii. In a total of 48 single stimulus presentations, behavioral elements of courtship activities were analyzed to derive the 'index of female preference'. Females showed a clear preference for males with more elaborate carotenoid colors, but mated randomly with respect to male body size and other color patterns. However, they were not individually consistent in their choice of mates, suggesting that non-additive components probably contribute to the evolution of female preference.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

In rapid aging society, the disease prevention and management for healthy life of the elderly is very important. Regular physical activity is known to be a useful intervention for the physical and mental health of the elderly. In this study, we explore the convergence contents using IT technology as the intervention for encouraging the regular physical activity in the elderly. There are u-Healthcare and serious game as the convergence of health care and IT technology, and the serious game which is added special purpose such as education, training, and treatment to the fun-one of the game element- can be suitable to provide a variety of contents that leads to physical activity in the elderly. The contents inducing physical activities are "Puffer(ATARI, USA)", "WiiFit(Nintendo, JAPAN)", "Age Invaders(MXR Lab, SINGAPORE)", "Xbox $360^{\circ}$+kinect(Microsoft, USA)", "Tangible bicycle game(Donsin Univ., KOREA)", and "3D Gateball game(Soongsil Univ., KOREA)", and these contents can help health care of the elderly. By increasing physical activity through the use of these contents, it will be able to promote physical fitness and body function required in daily life, disease prevention, and maintain health in the elderly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.545-551
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• 2012

Pressurization walk training (PWT) with blood flow occlusion has been investigated with regard to muscle hypertrophy and physical fitness function in athletes and healthy people. However, the cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular responses of obese people to PWT are unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of PWT on body composition (Weight, FM, LBM, %fat, BMI), cardiovascular responses (HR, SV, CO, TVC), and cardiorespiratory responses ($VO_2max$, VEmax, HRmax) in middle-aged obese women. They participated in walk training with (n=15) blood flow occlusion and cross-sectional areas of the quadriceps on both legs. Five sets of 3-min walking (5.5 km/h at 5% grade) and 1-min resting were performed twice a day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. The results showed that the LBM was significantly increased, and decreased body weight of reducing FM, %bodyfat in PWT ($p$<0.05). For the cardiovascular response, SBP and TPR were significantly decreased ($p$<0.05), and CO increased ($p$<0.05). In addition, the $VO_2max$ and VEmax were improved through PWT. Therefore, this study suggests that the presence of obesity in middle-aged women may result in body composition, cardiorespiratory, and cardiovascular responses caused by PWT.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2010

Steel corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a critical problem to structural safety and many researches are being actively conducted on developing methods to maintain the required performance of the RC structures during their intended service lives. In this study, concrete mixture proportioning technique through genetic algorithm (GA) for RC structures under carbonation, which is considered to be serious in underground site and big cities, is investigated. For this, mixture proportions and diffusion coefficients of $CO_2$ from the previous researches were analyzed and fitness function for $CO_2$ diffusion coefficient was derived through regression analysis. This function based on the 12 experimental results consisted of 5 variables including water-cement ratio (W/C), cement content, sand percentage, coarse aggregate content per unit volume of concrete in unit, and relative humidity. Through genetic algorithm (GA) technique, simulated mixture proportions were proposed for 3 cases of verification and they showed reasonable results with less than relative error of 10%. Finally, assuming intended service life, different exposure conditions, design parameters, intended $CO_2$ diffusion coefficients, and cement contents were determined and related mixture proportions were simulated. This proposed technique is capable of suggesting reasonable mix proportions and can be modified based on experimental data which consider various mixing components like mineral admixtures.