• Title/Summary/Keyword: Life Care

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여성 탈모증의 정신의학적 특성 분석 (An Analysis of the Psychiatric Characteristics of the Alopecia Areata in Female)

  • 이길홍;나철;이영식;이창훈;노병인;홍창권
    • 정신신체의학
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.31-45
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    • 2000
  • 연구목적 : 여성 및 남성 탈모중의 개인적 특성이나 탈모양상, 정신의학적특성, 동반 신체질환 및 치료 방법에 관한 비교 분석을 통해 여성 탈모증의 치료 및 예방 지침을 수립하기 위해 연구를 시도 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 중앙대학교 용산병원 피부과에 내원하여 정신과로 의뢰된 여성 탈모증 환자 51명을 연구집단으로, 남성 탈모증환자 42명을 대조군으로 선정하여 남녀별 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V 프로그램을 통해 자료 처리를 하였고, 집단간의 차이는 교차 분석 및 변량 분석을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 여성일수록 남성에 비해 경제 수준이나 교육 수준이 낮고, 하류 직종에 종사하며, 부친이 무직자가 많고, 형제 자매 수가 많으며, 여자형제만 있는 비율이 높다. 2) 여성일수록 피부과 내원빈도가 많고, 최근 두정부나 전두부 탈모가 많으며, 여성가족 중에 탈모 경험자가 많은 반면에 남성 가족중에는 탈모자가 적고, 후두부 탈모가 적으며, 손톱의 변화는 적다. 3) 여성일수록 가정내 갈등이나 경제적 변화로 인해 스트레스를 받고, 가정내 갈등이나 내성적 성격으로 인해 갈등을 겪는 반면 직장문제나 건강 변화 등 생활 변동을 겪거나, 작업 수행 능력의 부진으로 인한 갈등은 적고 직장 적응에 있어 어려움을 겪는 비율도 낮다. 4) 여성일수록 우울증이나 전환장애가 많고, 불안 증상들이나 우울 증상들을 흔히 호소하며, 불안수준이 높은 반면 신체화증상이나 강박증상은 덜 호소하며, 불안장애는 적다. 5) 여성일수록 남성에 비해 내향화 성향이나 허구 성향 억압 성향 여성화 성향이 높다. 6) 여성일수록 관절염이나 비뇨생식계장애가 많은 반면 위장관장애나 지루성피부염은 적다. 7) 여성일수록 etizolam이나 tretinoin은 많이 사용하는 반면 향정신성 의약품은 적게 사용하며, 특히 clotiazepam이나 prednicarbonate를 적게 사용한다. 결론 : 여성 탈모증 환자는 남성 환자에 비해 우울증이 많고, 불안 및 우울 증상을 흔히 호소하며, 가정 문제로 인해 발병하고, 내향화 성향이나 허구 성향, 억압 성향, 여성화 성향이 높다. 이 결과는 여성 환자가 남성 환자에 비해 더 심각한 정신병리를 보여 준다는 것을 의미하고, 여성 탈모의 예방 및 치료를 위해 정신과적 개업이 필요함을 말해 주고 있다. 따라서 피부과 의사들은 병발하는 정신장애에 대해 깊은 관심을 갖고, 정신과와 피부과가 공동 치료 계획을 세워야 한다.

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국민학교(國民學校) 교과서내(敎科書內)의 보건교육내용(保健敎育內容) 및 그 습득도(習得度) (Contents of Health Education for Pupils and the Perceptibility after Graduation of Primary School)

  • 전보윤;김두희
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.99-112
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    • 1985
  • 보건교육(保健敎育)에 관한 상태(狀態)를 파악(把握)하기 위하여 국민학교과정(國民學校過程)을 대상(對象)으로 보건관계(保健關係) 사항(事項)들을 조사(調査)하고 그 과정(過程)을 이수(履修)한 중학교(中學校) 입학직후(入學直後)의 보건지식(保健知識) 수준(水準)을 측정(測定)하였다. 보건지식(保健知識) 측정(測定)은 표준, 동아 수련장에서 선택(選擇)한 문제(問題)로 50개(個) 문항(問項)을 택(擇)한 설문지(設問紙)를 담임교사를 통(通)하여 설문(設問) 하였으며 총(總) 대상학생수(對象學生數)는 도시학생(都市學生) 491명(名) 농촌학생(農村學生) 468명(名), 총(總) 959명(名)으로 1984년(年) 4월(月) 10일(日)부터 5월(月) 10일(日) 사이에 실시(實施)하였다. 국민학교(國民學校) 전(全) 학년(學年), 전(全) 과목(科目)에서의 보건(保健)에 관한 항목(項目)은 총(總) 782건(件)으로 내용적(內容的)으로 분류(分類)해 보면 정신보건(精神保健)과 운동(運動) 및 휴식(休息) 에 관한 건(件)이 가장 많고, 다음으로 환경보건(環境保健), 보건생활(保健生活)이며, 사고(事故), 개인위생(個人衛生), 영양(營養) 및 음식(飮食), 사회의학(社會醫學) 및 보건기구(保健機構), 생리학(生理學) 및 해부학(解剖學), 보학통계(保學統計), 인구문제(人口問題), 질병관리(疾病管理), 식품위생(食品衛生), 학교보건(學校保健), 기생충(寄生蟲) 및 전염병관리(傳染病管理), 우생학(優生學) 및 유전학(遺傳學) 순(順)이었다. 학과목별(學科目別)로 보면 국어(國語)에는 총(總) 114건중(件中) 정신보건(精神保健)이 44.7%, 가장 많이 포함(包含)되고, 산수(算數)에는 총(總) 26건중(件中) 보건통계(保健統計)가 46.4%로, 사회(社會)에는 총(總) 118건중(件中) 환경보건(環境保健)이 23.1%로, 자연(自然)에 있어서는 총(總) 30건중(件中) 생리학(生理學) 및 해부학(解剖學)이 60.1%로, 도덕(道德)에는 총(總) 176건중(件中) 정신보건(精神保健)이 40.3%로, 음악(音樂)에 있어서는 총(總) 23건중(件中)에 정신보건(精神保健), 사고(事故)가 각각(各各) 21.8%씩 차지했고 미술(美術)에는 총(總) 28건중(件中) 운동(運動) 및 휴식(休息)이 42.9%로, 체육(體育)에는 총(總) 201건중(件中) 운동(運動) 및 휴식(休息)이 38.6%로, 실과(實科)에 있어서는 총(總) 61건중(件中) 영양(營養) 및 음식(陰食)이 36.2%로 가장 많이 포함(包含)되어 있었으며 국사(國史)에는 사회의학(社會醫學) 및 보건기구(保健機構) 뿐 다른것은 없었다. 보건사항(保健事項)의 總(總) 건수중(件數中) 과목별(科目別)로 보면 체육(體育) 25.8%, 도덕(道德) 22.5%, 사회(社會) 15.1%, 국어(國語) 14.6%, 실과(實科) 7.8%, 자연(自然) 3.8%, 미술(美術) 3.6%, 산수(算數) 3.3%, 음악(音樂) 2.9%, 국사(國史) 0.6%의 순(順)이었다. 전학년별(全學年別)로는 6학년(學年) 29.1%, 4학년(學年) 21.2%, 5학년(學年) 18.9%, 3학년(學年) 11.6%, 1학년(學年) 11.5%, 2학년(學年)의 7.7%의 순(順)이었다. 보건문제(保健問題)가 관련된 과(課)는 평균(平均) 35.4%이었으며 학년별(學年別)로 보면 4학년(學年), 6학년(學年)이 각각(各各) 38.2%로 최고(最高)였고 2학년(學年)이 29.3%로 최하(最下)였다. 체육(體育)에는 전(全) 과(課)에 포함(包含)되어 있었다. 보건(保健)에 관한 지식습득도(知識習得度)로 보면 도시학생(都市學生)의 평균점수(平均點數)는 56.3점(點)이고 농촌학생(農村學生)의 평균(平均)은 53.9점(點)으로써 두 집단간(集團間)의 지식습득도(知識習得度)에는 유의(有意)한 차(差)가 있었다.

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간호대학생의 영적안녕에 관한 연구 (A study of Spiritual Well-Being in Nursing Students)

  • 이영은;박혜선;강양희
    • 호스피스학술지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 2007
  • 인간은 신체적, 사회.심리적, 영적으로 통합적인 존재로써 각 차원의 건강은 분리되어 있는 것이 아니라 유기적으로 상호관련성을 가지고 있다. 영적 안녕은 신체적, 정신적, 사회.심리적 건강에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀지고 있으며, 이는 인간의 영적 본성을 최대한으로 개발시키는 능력이며 총체적으로 인간에게 영향을 미치는 삶의 원리와 동등한 것이라 할 수 있다. 영적안녕은 삶의 의미와 목적에 초점을 둔 실존적인 영적 안녕 상태와 하나님과의 관계 안에서 안녕감을 갖는 종교적인 영적 안녕을 포함한다. 간호과학은 인간의 건강을 돕는 돌봄이 학문이며, 전인적 존재인 인간을 신체적, 사회?심리적, 그리고 영적, 즉 전인적으로 간호하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 따라서 전인간호를 제공하기 위해서는 우선 간호사 자신이 영적으로 안녕해야 함은 물론, 자신이 간호대상자에게 치료의 도구가 되어야 하고, 이를 통해 영적 간호를 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 간호대학생은 비록 학생이기는 하지만 재학 중 이미 다양한 간호실무 현장으로 나아가 임상실습을 통해 대상자들을 직접 만나게 되므로 간호사들과 마찬가지로 전인적으로 건강해야 하며, 이를 통해 간호대상자들의 건강도 전인적으로 돌볼 수 있게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 간호학생들의 영적 안녕 정도를 파악해보고 이와 관련있는 제 특성들을 규명함으로써 간호학생들을 위한 영성 교육 프로그램 개발과 학교생활지도의 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사 연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 B 광역시에 소재한 1개 기독교 종합대학교 간호대학에 재학중인 학생 240명을 대상으로 하였다. 이중 213명이 응답하였으며 본 연구목적에 부적절한 응답을 제외한 188명을 최종 분석 대상으로 하였다(최종 분석율 : 88.3%). 본 연구에 사용된 도구는 자기 기입형인 구조화된 설문지로서, 20개 문항으로 구성된 영적 안녕 측정도구와 제 특성 20개 문항 등 총 40개 문항으로 구성되어 있다. 영적 안녕 측정도구는 Paloutzian와 Ellison(1983)이 개발하고, 최상순(1990)이 번역하였으며, 강정호(1996)가 수정 보완한 도구를 사용하였고, '거의 그렇지 않다' 1점, '대체로 그렇지 않다' 2점, '대체로 그렇다' 3점, '매우 그렇다' 4점으로 구성된 Likert형 4점 척도이며, 부정적인 문항은 역산하였고, 점수가 높을수록 영적으로 안녕감이 높은 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서 도구의 신뢰도는 Cronbach's ?값이 .94로 나타났다. 대상자의 제 특성은 인구사회학적 특성, 종교관련 특성, 학교관련 특성 등을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 자료수집 기간은 2006년 3월 3일부터 동년 3월 17일까지였으며, 자료수집 방법은 본 연구자가 각 학년 강의실에 들어가 연구목적을 설명하고 동의를 한 대상자에 한에서 설문지를 배부하여 응답하게 한 후 각 학년 대표를 통해 회수하였다. 본 자료의 분석은 SPSS/PC+ 12.0프로그램을 이용하여 실수와 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, 최소값, 최대값, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 영적 안녕 정도는 평균 $63.95\pm10.256$ (도구범위 : 20-80점), 최소 38점, 최대 80점, 평균평점 $3.20\pm.513$으로 높은 편으로 나타났다. 이를 하위영역으로 분석해 보았을 때 실존적 안녕 정도는 평균 $32.98\pm4.470$, 최소 22점, 최대 40점, 평균평점 $3.30\pm.450$으로 높은 편이었고, 종교적 안녕 정도는 평균 $30.96\pm7.000$, 최소 10점, 최대 40점, 평균평점 $3.10\pm.700$으로 약간 높은 편이었다. 2. 대상자의 제 특성에 따른 영적 안녕 정도는 학년(F=6.101, p= .001), 종교(F= 17.703, p= .000), 기독교인의 경우 신급(F=8.194, p= .000), 교회출석기간(F=7.947, p= .000), 교회 예배의 정기출석(F=4.242, p= .000), 정기적 성경읽기(공부)와 기도생활(F=5.863, p= .001=0), 본인이 지각한 예수님과의 인격적 만남(F=4.160, p= .000), 부모종교(F=9.320, p= .000), 본인이 지각한 부모양육태도(F=4.146, p= .000), 현재 타 학과 편입, 전과 희망여부(F=-2.050, p= .050) 등에 따라 영적 안녕 정도가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 간호대학생들은 비교적 높은 영적 안녕감을 보였으며, 제 특성 중 학년, 종교, 기독교인의 경우 신급, 교회 출석기간, 교회 예배의 정기출석여부, 정기적 성경읽기(공부)와 기도생활 여부, 본인이 지각한 예수님과의 인격적 만남 여부, 부모 종교, 본인이 지각한 부모의 양육태도, 현재 타 학과 편입이나 전과 희망여부 등에 따라 영적 안녕 정도가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 간호대학생들을 위한 영성 교육 프로그램 개발과 학교생활지도의 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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금원사대가의학(金元四大家醫學)이 조선조의학(朝鮮朝醫學) 형성(形成)에 미친 영향(影響) (The influence of the four noted physicians of Geum-Won era on the completion of the medicine in the Chosun dynasty)

  • 정면;홍원식
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제9권
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    • pp.432-552
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    • 1996
  • The influence of the four noted physicians of Geum-Won era(金元代) on the completion of the medicine in the Chosun dynasty(朝鮮朝) can be summarized as follows. 1. The four noted physicians of Geum-Won era were Yoo-Wan-So(劉完素), Jang-Jong-Jung(張從正), Lee-Go(李杲), Ju-Jin-Heung(朱震亨). 2. Yoo-Wan-So(劉完索) made his theory on the basic of Nae-Kyung("內經") and Sane-Han-Lon("傷寒論"), his idea of medicine was characterized in his books, for exemple, application of O-Oon-Yuk-Ki(五運六氣), Ju-Wha theory(主火論) and hang-hae-seng-je theory(亢害承制論). from his theory and method of study, many deviations of oriental medicine occurred. He made an effort for study of Nae-Kyung, which had been depressed for many years, on the contrary of the way old study that Nae-Kyung had been only explained or revised, he applied the theory of Nae-Kyung to clinical care. The theory of Yuk-Gi-Byung-Gi(六氣病機) and On-Yeul-Byung(溫熱病) had much influenced on his students and posterities, not to mention Jang-Ja-Wha and Ju-Jin-Heung, who were among the four noted physicians therefore he became the father of Yuk-Gi(六氣) and On-Yeul(溫熱) schools. 3. Jang-Jong-Jung(張從正) emulated Yoo-Wan-So as a model, and followed his Yuk-Gi-Chi-Byung(六氣致病) theory, but he insisted on the use of the chiaphoretic, the emetic and the paregoric to get rid of the causes, specially he insisted on the use of the paregoric, so they called him Gong-Ha-Pa(攻下派). He insisted on the theory that if we would strenthen ourselves we should use food, id get rid of cause, should use the paregoric, emetic and diaphoretic. Jang-Jong-Jung'S Gang-Sim-Wha(降心火) theory, which he improved Yoo-Wan-So's Han-Ryang(寒凉) theory influenced to originate Ju-Jin-Heung'S Ja-Eum-Gang-Wha(滋陰降火) theory. 4. Lee-Go(李杲) insisted on the theory that Bi-Wi(脾胃) played a loading role in the physiological function and pathological change, and that the internal disease was originated by the need of Gi(氣) came from the disorder of digestive organs, and that the causes of internal disease were the irregular meal, the overwork, and mental shock. Lee-Go made an effort for study about the struggle of Jung-Sa(正邪) and in the theory of the prescription he asserted the method of Seung-Yang-Bo-Gi(升陽補氣), but he also used the method of Go-Han-Gang-Wha(苦寒降火). 5. The authors of Eui-Hak-Jung-Jun("醫學正傳"), Eui-Hak-Ib-Moon("醫學入門"), and Man-Byung-Whoi-Choon("萬病回春") analyzed the medical theory of the four noted physicians and added their own experiences. They helped organizing existing complicated theories of the four noted physicians imported in our country, and affected the formation of medical science in the Choson dynasty largely. Eui-Hak-Jung-Jun("醫學正傳") was written by Woo-Dan(虞槫), in this book, he quoted the theories of Yoo-Wan-So, Jang-Jong-Jung, Lee-Go, Ju-Jin-Heung, especially, Ju-Jin-Heung was respected by him, it affected the writing of Eui-Lim-Choal-Yo("醫林撮要"). Eui-Hak-ib-Moon("醫學入門"), written by Lee-Chun(李杲), followed the medical science of Lee-Go and ju-jin-heung from the four noted physicians of Geum-Won era. Its characteristics of Taoism, idea of caring of health, and organization affected Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham("東醫寶鑑"). Gong-Jung-Hyun(龔延賢) wrote Man-Byung-Whoi-Choon("萬病回春") using the best part of the theories of Yoo-Wan-So, Jang-Jong-Jung, Lee-Go, Ju-Jin-Heung, this book affected Dong-Eui-Soo-Se-Bo-Won("東醫壽世保元") partly. 6. our medical science was developed from the experience of the treatment of disease obtained from human life, these medical knowledge was arranged and organized in Hyang-Yak-Jib-Sung-Bang("鄕藥集成方"), medical books imported from China was organized in Eui-Bang-Yoo-Chwi("醫方類聚"), which formed the base of medical development in the Chosun dynasty. 7. Eui-Lim-Choal-Yo("醫林撮要") was written by Jung-Kyung-Sun(鄭敬先) and revised by Yang-Yui-Soo(楊禮壽). It was written on the base of Woo-Dan's Eui-Jung-Jun, which compiled the medical science of the four noted physicians of Geum-Won era. It contained confusing theories of the four noted physicians of Geum-Won era and organized medical books of Myung era, therefore it completed the basic form of Byun-Geung-Non-Chi (辨證論治) influenced the writing of Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham("東醫寶鑑"). 8. Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham("東醫寶鑑") was written on the base of basic theory of Eum-Yang-O-Haeng(陰陽五行) and the theory of respondence of heaven and man(天人相應說) in Nae-Kyung. It contained several theories and knowledge, such as the theory of Essence(精), vitalforce(氣), and spirit(神) of Taoism, medical science of geum-won era, our original medical knowledge and experience. It had established the basic organization of our medical science and completed the Byun-Geung-Non-Chi (辨證論治). Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham developed medical science from simple medical treatment to protective medical science by caring of health. And it also discussed human cultivation and Huh-Joon's(許浚) own view of human life through the book. Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham adopted most part of Lee-Go(李杲) and Ju-Jin-Heung's(朱震亨) theory and new theory of "The kidney is the basis of apriority. The spleen is the basis of posterior", so it emphasized the role of spleen and kidney(脾腎) for Jang-Boo-Byung-Gi(臟腑病機). It contained Ju-Jin-Heung's theory of the cause and treatment of disease by colour or fatness of man(black or white, fat or thin). It also contained Ju-Jin-Heung's theory of "phlegm break out fever, fever break out palsy"(痰生熱 熱生風) and the theory of Sang-Wha(相火論). Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham contained Lee-Go's theory of Wha-Yu-Won-Bool-Yang-Lib (火與元氣不兩立論) quoted the theory of Bi-Wi(脾胃論) and the theory of Nae-Oi-Sang-Byun(內外傷辨). For the use of medicine, it followed the theory by Lee-Go. lt used Yoo-Wan-So'S theory of Oh-Gi-Kwa-Keug-Gae-Wi-Yul-Byung(五志過極皆爲熱病) for the treatment of hurt-spirit(傷神) because fever was considered as the cause of disease. It also used Jang-Jons-Jung's theory of Saeng-Keug-Je-Seung(生克制勝) for the treatment of mental disease. 9. Lee-je-ma's Dong-Eui-Soo-Se-Bo-Won("東醫壽世保元") adopted medical theories of Song-Won-Myung era and analyzed these theories using the physical constitutional theory of Sa-Sang-In(四象人). It added Dong-Mu's main idea to complete the theory and clinics of Sa-Sang-Eui-Hak(四象醫學). Lee-Je-Ma didn't quote the four noted physicians of Geum-Won era to discuss that the physical constitutional theory of disease and medicine from Tae-Eum-In(太陰人), So-Yang-In(少陽人), So-Eum-In(少陰人), and Tae-Yang-In(太陽人) was invented from their theories.

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농촌여성의 무릎 골관절염 유병률 및 관련요인 (Prevalence and Related Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Rural Women)

  • 서중환;강복수;이경수;윤성호;황태윤;박종서
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.167-182
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    • 2005
  • 지역사회 주민들을 대상으로 무릎 골관절염 진단기준을 적용하여 무릎 골관절염의 유병률을 파악하고, 관련요인을 규명하기 위하여 2002년 9월부터 10월까지 무작위 집락표본추출에 의하여 경상북도 고령군의 5개리에 거주하는 조사 가능한 40세 이상 여성 258명 중 200명을 조사완료(77.5%)하여 분석하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성과 질병 과거력, 가족력, 건강행위, 좌식생활 형태 및 일상생활 수행능력 등은 설문조사를 하였으며, 신체계측과 혈압, 혈당, 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 골밀도를 측정하고 무릎 X-선 촬영을 하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 10.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 카이제곱검정, t-검정, 다중로지스틱회귀분석을 시행하였다. 골관절염 양성의 기준이 되는 Kellgren과 Lawrence 분류법에 의한 등급 2 이상(71%)과 설문조사에 의한 무릎 통증이 있는(67%) 기준을 충족시키는 무릎 골관절염 환자는 54%였다. 단변량 분석에서는 연령이 높아질수록 무릎 골관절염 유병률이 높았으며, 직업에 따라서는 농업이나 가내공업에 종사하는 군의 유병률이 58.9%로 기타 직업을 가진 군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 무릎 골관절염의 가족력과 무릎 외상 및 수술경험(p<0.01), 당뇨병(p<0.05)은 유병률과 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 신체활동도 점수는 무릎 골관절염 군이 정상군에 비하여 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 무릎 골관절염 이환 여부에 따른 좌식생활 기간을 비교해 보면 골관절염 군이 정상군에 비해 유의한 차이가 있었다. 혈당, 골밀도, 체질량지수는 골관절염군과 정상군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 무릎 골관절염의 유병 여부를 종속변수로 한 다중로지스틱회귀분석에서는 연령이 높을수록, 농업이나 가내공업에 종사할수록, 관절외상 및 수술경험이 있는 경우에 혈당이 높을수록, 체질량지수가 높을수록 무릎 골관절염 유병률에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 골관절염 관리를 위한 자조운동과 체중조절, 통증관리를 위한 물리치료 등의 조절가능 인자에 대한 중재를 위한 자조교실과 같은 접근 가능한 자기관리와 골관절 운동프로그램을 확대하고 비닐하우스 작업시 자세에 대한 가이드라인 등의 제시가 필요하다고 생각한다.

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한의학의 항종양 면역치료에 관한 연구 -1990년 이후 발표된 실험논문을 중심으로- (Compilation of 104 Experimental Theses on the Antitumor and Immuno-activating therapies of Oriental Medicine)

  • 강연이;김태임;박종오;김성훈;박종대;김동희
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2003
  • This study was done to compile 104 experimental theses which are related to the antitumor and immuno-activating therapies between February 1990 through February 2002. Master's and doctoral theses were dassified by schools, degrees, materials, effects, experimental methods of antitumor and immunoactivity, and results. The following results were obtained from this study : 1. Classifying the theses by the school, 34.6% were presented by Daejeon University, 29.8% by Kyung-hee University and 11.5% by Won-kwang University. Of all theses, 51.0% were aimed for the doctoral degree and 43.3% were for the master's degree. All of three universities have their own cancer centers. 2. Classifying the theses by herb materials, complex prescription accounted for 60.3%, single herb accounted for 24.8% and herbal acupuncture accounted for 14.2%. Considering the key principles of the traditional medicine, complex prescription was much more thoroughly studied than single herb prescription. The results showed that the complex prescription had both antitumor activity and immuno-activating activity, which might reflects on multi-activation mechanisms by complex components. 3. Classifying the theses by the efficacy of herbs examined, in single herb, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 35.5%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.0%, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis was 12.9%. In herbal acupuncture, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 52.9%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.4%. In complex prescription, pathogen-free status was 41.9%, strengthening healthy qi to eliminate pathogen was 35.5%, strengthening healthy qi was 22.6%. It is presumed that the antitumor and immunoactivating therapy based on syndrome differentiation is the best way to develop oriental oncology. 4. Classifying the theses by antitumor experiments, cytotoxic effect was 48.1 %, survival time was 48.1 % and change of tumor size was 42.3%. Survival rate was not necessarily correlated with cytotoxicity. These data reflect the characteristic, wholistic nature of the oriental medicine which is based on BRM (biological response modifier). 5. Classifying the theses by immunoactivating experiments, hemolysin titer was 51.0%, hemagglutinin titer was 46.2% and NK cell's activity was 44.2%. In the future studies, an effort to elucidate specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytokine production in the body would be crucial. 6. Classifying the theses according to the data in terms of antitumor activity, 50% was evaluated good, 24.0% was excellent, and 15.5% have no effect. In an evaluation of immuno-activating activity, 35.9% was excellent and 18.0% showed a little effect. The index point, as described here, may helps to use experimental data for clinical trials. Changes in index points by varying dosage implicate the importance of oriental medical theory for prescription. 7. In 167 materials, IIP (immunoactivating index point, mean : 3.12±0.07) was significantly higher than AIP(antitumor index point, mean : 2.83±0.07). These data demonstrate that the effect of herb medicine on tumor activity depends more on immunoactivating activity than antitumor activity. This further implies that the development of herbal antitumor drugs must be preceded by the mechanistic understanding of immunoactivating effect. 8. After medline-searching tumor and herb-related articles from NCBI web site, we conclude that most of the studies are primarily focused on biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways. Henceforth, we need to define the biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways affected by herbs or complicated prescriptions. 9. Therefore, the most important point of oriental medical oncology is to conned between experimental results and clinical trials. For the public application of herbal therapy to cancer, it is critical to present the data to mass media. 10. To develop the relationship of experimental results and clinical trials, university's cancer clinic must have a long-range plan related to the university laboratories and, at the same time, a regular consortium for this relationship is imperative. 11. After all these efforts, a new type herbal medicine for cancer therapy which is to take care of the long-term administering and safety problem must be developed. Then, it would be expected that anti-tumor herbal acupuncture can improve clinical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients. 12. Finally, oriental medical cancer center must be constructed in NCC (National Cancer Center) or government agency for the development of oriental medical oncology which has international competitive power.

'기(氣)' 현상에 대한 철학적 고찰 (Philosophic Investigation of the 'Ghi(氣)' Phenomena)

  • 이현주
    • 동서간호학연구지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.50-67
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    • 1998
  • When recognition of the Ghi(氣) which exist in all things, is changed on the aspects of the science of nursing, the view of health and nursing will be more efficient and can be developed as the proper concept for Korean culture. I think it is nessary to confirm which philosophical basis of the will be applicable to nursing and how to it has to be developed. Therefore I can for the research of the Ghi phenomena to attain the Thoughts of philosophy that is appropriate to expound those phenomena. And I attempt to induct "the fusion of horizons" to unify the view of the I world between Korea and the West. The Ghi is very energetic and omnipresent among the universe, Nature, and the human being. So it can organize all the primary elements of mental and I physical function of human as like life, mind, breath, feeling, energy, etc. A general concept of the Ghi is described as follows ; (1) The Ghi is the origin and essence to organize the universe, Nature, and the human being. (2) It is the perpetually movable thing. (3) And there are continuous transmission between the Ghi of the universe and the human through 'body, mind, and soul. For review on the philosophic basis of the Ghi, I studied out the identity of the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(理氣論) in the field of philosophy of Korea and the West. In Korea, the concept of the Vigor is based on Ch'i monolism(기일원론) and Li Ch'i dualism (이기이원론) of Yul-gok Lee's, Toi-kye Lee's, Hwa-dam's, and/or Hekang's. These are indispensable for the view of the world of Korea as Metaphysical ideology, Concrete science, Materialism, Ontology, and Epistemology. From the viewpoint of the philosophy of the West, the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Korea is identical with the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Joo-ja, Idea of Plato, Metaphysics of Aristotle, World Spirit(Weltgeist) of Hegel, and Existentialism of Heidegger. In the nursing theory of the West, some of them referred to the Ghi as like Energy field theory of Rogers and Energy exchange of Neuman. Though there are different in terminology, "energy" and the "Ghi" are induced comparable therapeutic action between the human and the environments. With the nursing theory of Korea, I have made an attempt to compare the Ghi with metaparadigm of nursing-the human being, the environment, the health, and the nursing. For the most part, the alternative therapy is resonable to the frame of the nursing theory of Korea. It is easy to apply alternative therapy on the every spot of nursing. So this therapy could be a kind of forms as nursing therapy in the nursing centers where take the duties of supporting in local societies. In result, independent nursing intervention will be activated by the nurse who puts up with the major parts. It is available to apply this therapy to palliation of pain, insomnia of infant, Sanhujori (산후조리), pain of menstruation, arthritis. And the alternative therapy makes it possible to propose the nursing model which represent originality, tradition, and history of the nursing of Korea. Additionally, in the field of the nursing, it is indispensable to choose a suitable methodology which is considered whether it is matched with a theory of philosophy in the boundary and object of the research. Because there are many way to get the knowledge of nursing related to the Ghi. In the science of nursing, context of sociocultural background and frame are required to understand the person who need to take care of (nursing client). But the value systems of the West and the East are distinctive each other as well as the behavior of health persuance. Therefore it is the basic research data of great worth to review philosophical the Ghi phenomena which is well known to Korean.

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반복적 복통 환아의 정신과적 연구(反復的 腹痛 患兒의 精神科的 硏究) (A PSYCHIATRIC STUDY ON THE CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN)

  • 최진숙;홍강의;서정기
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.117-129
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    • 1990
  • 반복적(反復的) 복통(腹痛)을 주소(主訴)로 1988년(年) 7월(月) 1일(日)부터 1989년(年) 2월(月) 28일(日)까지 서울대(大)병원 소아과(小兒科)를 방문하여 기질적(器質的) 원인(原因)이 배제(排除)된 후 소아정신과(小兒精神科)로 의뢰된 만 6재(才)~11재(才)의 아동(兒童) 35명(名)을 연구(硏究) 대상(對象)으로 하여 이들을 정상(正常) 아동(兒童)과 비교하여 반복적(反復的) 복통(腹痛) 환아(患兒)의 특징과 증상(症狀)의 발현(發現)및 유지(維持)에 영향을 줄 수 있는 가능한 요인(要因)들에 대하여 연구(硏究)하였다. 연구(硏究) 결과(結果) 반복적(反復的) 복통(腹痛) 환아(患兒)의 증상(症狀) 호소는 부모(父母)등 돌보아 주는 사람과의 접촉시간(時間)에 많았으며 가족중에 위장관기(胃腸官器) 질환의 병력이 많았다. 반복적(反復的) 복통(腹通) 환아중(患兒中) 정신과적(精神科的) 진단(診斷)이 가능(可能)하였던 경우는 16명(45.8%)이었는데, 적응 장애(適應 障碍) 4명, 과잉불안장애(過剩不安障碍)4명(名), 분리 불안장애(分離 不安障碍) 1명(名), 우울증(憂鬱症) 2명(名), 틱 장애(障碍) 2名, 주의력(注意力) 결함장애(缺陷障碍) 2명(名), 야요증(夜尿症) 1명(名) 등이었다. 행동조사표(行動調査表)에 의하면 반복적(反復的) 복통(腹通) 환아(息兒)는 대조군 아동에 비하여 주회적(柱會的) 수행(遂行) 능력(能力)과 활동(活動)영역의 점수가 유의하게 낮으며, 내향화(內向化) 척도(尺度)의 값이 유의하게 높았다. 가정(家庭) 환경(環境) 진단검사상(診斷檢査上)의 항목별 비교 결과 반복적(反複的) 복통(腹通) 환아(患兒)는 대조군 아동에 비하여 훈육상(訓育上) 부모(父母)와의 마찰이 심하고, 부모(父母)가 자녀(子女)에게 주는 훈육(訓育)이 보다 합리적(合理的)이지 못하고, 지시(指示)의 정도가 많으며, 감정적으로 냉철하지 못하였다. 반면 자녀의 복지에 대한 배려와 애정 표현(愛淸 表現)은 대조군 부모에 비해 높았다. 전반적으로 반복적(反復的) 복통(腹通) 환아(患兒)는 겁이많고 위축적이며 가족 성원 역시 사회적 적응도가 낮으면서 심리적(心理的)으로 불안(不安)한 경우가 많았으며 모(母)와 밀착된 관계를 지속하고 있었고 이러한 갈등의 신체적(身體的) 표현(表現)인 복통(腹通)은 환아(患兒) 자신 뿐 아니라 보다 신체화 증상을 갖고있는 부모(父母)에 의해 선택되어지고 강화되어 반복적(反復的)으로 지속되는것으로 보였다.

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산업장 근로자의 건강증진행위와 자아개념 및 건강의 중요성 인식에 관한 연구 (The Determinants of Health Promoting Behavior of Industrial Workers)

  • 김정남
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.5-19
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    • 1998
  • This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to identify the major factors affecting health promoting behaviors. 344 workers who employed in four different manutacturing plants in Taegu and Kyungbuk area were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected from April let to April 18th, 1998 by ready structured questionaires. The purpose of this study was to offer the basic data for health promotion theory development and health promotion strategy planning. This study was based on Pender's Health Promotion Model and examined three variables health promoting behavior, self-concept and perceived importance of health. The Life Style and Health Habit Assessment scale(LHHA) developed by Pender(1982).The Self-concept scale developed by Choi(1972) and the Health Value scale developed by Wallston, Maides and Wallston(1980) were used for this study. Data was analyzed by percentage, mean. t-test. ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The major findings of this study are as follows ; 1. The average level of health promoting behavior practice was 63.2% and possible range was from 62 to 248 point. The mean score of respondent's positive self-concept was 75.8. 81.4% of respondents put a high priority on the importance of health. 2. There was a significant difference between the practice level in the category of general self care and less amount of working hours per day(P=0.000), less amount of working hours per week(P=0.000). There was a significant difference between the practice level in the category of nutrition and age(0.002), marital status(0.000), working hour per day(0.008), working hours per week(0.001), There was a significant difference between the practice level in the category of nutriton and sex(0.000), age(0.000), marital status(0.025), education level(0.000), working hours per day(0.002), working hours per week(0.006). There was a significant difference between the practice level in the category of sleep and rest and age(0.003), marital status(0.002), working hours per day(0.001), working hours per week(0.001). There was a significant difference between the practice level in the category of stress management and working hours per day(0.001), working hours per week(0.002). There was a significant difference between the practice level in the category of self-actualization and working hours per day(0.050). 3. General characteristics influencing the respodent's self-concept were level(P=0.009) and worksite(P=0.001). 4. The results of the hypothesis tests are as follows The first hypothesis, that "The respondent who have more positive self-concept will have higher scores in the practice of health promoting behavior." was supported(r=0.2973, P=0.0001). The second hypothesis that "The respondent who have higher perception level on importance of health will have higher scores in the practice health promoting behavior." was rejected(r=- 0665, P=0.2225). 5. The most important factor that affects health promoting behavior practice was working hours per week(6.0%). The combination of working hours per week, age, education level accounted for 10.0% of the variance in health promoting behavior. In conclusion, the results of this study on industrial workers supported Pender's health promotion model in partial and showed the relatedness between self concept and the practice of health promoting behavior. Further research is required to find factors influencing health promoting behaviors of industrial workers.

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서울시 고등학생의 안전교육 실태 및 요구도 조사 (Needs Accessment of Safety Education of High School Students in Seoul)

  • 김민아;이명선
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.133-162
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    • 2001
  • Unexpected accidents in school has been gradually increased every year, and student's mistaken was the first reason of the accident. To preventing the students from Unexpected accidents in school, safety education is more important than having strong facilities to have much more strong protecting forces for the accidents. Therefore, systematic education of safety is needed most of all, and especially, strengthening safety education in school is needed. Hereby, this study is aimed at investigating and analysing the actual condition and demand of safety education. It also conducted a survey with the target of 1,255 students in the second grade of high school in Seoul from April 20 to May 19, and the result of this study is as follows. 1. In the general features of the subject of the survey, boy students and girl students occupied 50.8% and 49.2% each, and boys' high school (34.3%), girls' high school(32.2%) and co-ed(33.5%) participated in balance. In the location, north from Han river occupied 54.6%, south were 45.2%. 2. According to the status of experiencing an accident, boys were more experienced then girls(p〈0.05). From the section, home accident(56.8%) occupied most followed by school accident, traffic accident, sports accident and poisoning. The accident happening most often in detailed category is sports accident such as basket ball, foot ball and dodge ball. The actual condition of the subject's using a school health facility shows that boys students use it more often than girl students(p〈0.01) 3. In attitude toward safety, the subject showed lower interest in safety issues than other social issues. But attitude in seriality of safety problems were high. Also, they responded ‘individual citizen’(63.1%) as the one who should make efforts for safety. Regarding knowledge of preventing safety accidents in attitude toward individual safety, 42.2% answered ‘they know a little’ and 32.6% of respondents say ‘they do not know’. To a question of the degree of the subject's following safety rules, 36.4% were answered ‘keeping’ and the group using a school health facility shows more ‘keeping’ the others(p〈0.05). 4. To a question of asking if they have experienced safety education, 51.2% answered ‘yes’. Teachers who mainly take care of safety education are answered as training teacher(48.7%). As for education time, training class(51.3%) is said to have safety education most followed by health-related event and PE(Physical Education). Frequency of education shows once or twice a session (62.8%) most often, but in case of co-ed school, 5-7times a session or more(20.1%) are being practiced. Looking at education time, 1-2 hour(s)(22.1%) or for a short time(22.1%) during class are being practiced. As an education method, instruction(43.8%) and video education(32.5%) are being practiced, and when it comes to education evaluation method, ‘not practiced’(70.0%) answered. To the question if they are satisfied with school safety education, they answered more ‘no(43.1%)’ than ‘yes(6.7%)’, and the reason is that safety education class is just for formality's sake, and the fact they already know is being repeated. The contents of safety education is composed of school safety, home safety, and first aid. 5. It is turned out that 56.5% of the total boy students and 61.1% of the total girl students recognize the necessity of safety education. To the question if safety education is needed in an elementary and middle education course, 46.4% of the subject answer answered' it's necessary'. The most reason for their answers are ‘safety education is directly related to life’. 6. Regarding the requested time of safety education is ‘one hour a week’ by 55.9%. For safety education, safety education teachers(38.7%) are answered to be the most proper. As a request for safety education, video education is answered to be the most appropriate(30.6%), followed by practical skills, lecture and discussion(p〈0.05). Demand of educational evaluation, practical skills, interview and observation are answered to be needed. To the question if they want to participate in the way of demanded safety education, 41.9% of respondents answer ‘have a mind to participate in’ (41.9%). To benefits followed by completing safety education, 72.0% of respondents answer ‘agree’, and 24.7% ‘do not agree’, which means lout 4 disagrees with completing safety education. 7. Looking at demand of safety education according to the features of the subject, ‘our position for the person who has handicapped’ was answer to the most.

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