• 지식경영연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2010

Bioharmaceutical technologies have consistently been areas in which large licensing agreements have been negotiated. However, there are very limited informations in the open literature on how its running royalty rates are determined and no specific methods are yet provided. The purpose of this study is to suggest an appropriate method for the estimation of running royalty of bioharmaceutical technology in licensing agreements. Here distribution of risk-adjusted operating margins are obtained by simulation using statistics of success rates in the stage of clinical trials and profit margins. Three factors based on technology, business and license legal terms are considered and combined as licensing competitiveness level. Finally, reasonable running royalty is estimated by combining simulated distribution and licensing competitiveness level. This suggested method is expected to practically useful for licensor to establish an appropriate running royalty rate for licensing.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2016

This is a case study to analyze the role of technology licensing or transfer office (TLO) as factors of success for the spin-off from government research lab. The case company is a research lab startup, which is a joint venture through technology investment by a government research lab or university in the designated R&D parks and cash investment by the partner company. The case company listed on the stock market in 2015 reaching a market capitalization of US$ 1.2 billion. We confirm the success factors of startups pointed out in many studies: original technology, good understanding of core technology and production technology, technological competitiveness in the market. However, there is an important factor not well discussed in the previous studies, the role of TLO. TLO guided the company ownership, management, technology, and solved problems that pause business itself. The case became the sample of research lab startup and technology investment in Korea.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2007

본 연구는 국내 애니메이션산업 수익 구조 개선을 위해 원 소스 멀티 유즈 활성화를 위한 라이선싱 활용 방안을 목적으로 한다. 국내 라이선싱 사례에서의 문제점을 파악하고 미국과 일본 애니메이션 작품의 연관 산업으로의 확장 성공 사례 연구를 통한 성공 요인을 밝혀낸다. 국내 애니메이션 산업 종사자클 사이에는 애니메이션 작품이 성공하면 자연스럽게 라이선싱이 가능하다는 막연한 인식이 팽배해 있는데, 보다 적극적으로 기획 단계부터 라이선싱을 고려하여 작품 창작 활동에 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 작품에 내재되어 있는 라이선싱 요소들의 경쟁력을 향상시켜야하며, 그러기 위해서는 연관 산업 시장의 소비 성향에 대한 이해가 전제되어야 한다. 끝으로 장기적인 관점에서 동시다발적인 확장보다 단계적인 확장 전략과 마케팅적 관리가 필요하며, 이를 위해 전문적인 경험을 가진 관리 시스템을 통한 관리 및 체계적인 전략 연계가 수행되어야 한다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1090-1108
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• 2013

최근 국가 연구개발 성과 기술이전 사업화 정책이 강력하게 추진되고, 기업도 미래 경쟁력 강화를 위해서 라이선스 전략을 도입하고 있다. 라이선스 거래에서 협상 당사자들이 수용할 수 있는 객관적이고 합리적인 로열티 정보가 요구된다. 본 연구에서 상관행법 로열티 정보와 로열티 영향요인(기술성, 시장성, 권리성) 평가 결과를 결합하여 경상로열티를 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 분석결과 업종별 상관행법 로열티 적정 범위와 기술거래사례 로열티 정보 사이에 유사성이 높은 것으로 나타고, 분석결과 상관행법 로열티의 활용 타당성을 확인하였다. 최종 경상로열티 추정을 위하여 상관행법 로열티 범위와 로열티 영향요인 분석 결과를 결합한 선형함수를 이용하였다. 본 연구결과는 라이선스 협상과정에서 객관적이고 합리적인 경상로열티를 산출하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 2024

Drawing on the deep experience and understanding of the principles of nuclear safety, as well as many years of nuclear power plant design and operation, the EDF led NUWARD SMR Project is developing a design for a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) of 340 MWe composed of two 170 MWe independent units, that will supplement the offering of high-output nuclear reactors, especially in response to specific needs such as replacement of fossil-fuelled power plants. NUWARD SMR is a mix of proven and innovative design features that will make it more commercially competitive, while integrating safety features that comply with the highest international standards. Following the principles of redundancy and diversity and rigorous application of Defence in Depth (DID), with an international view on nuclear safety licensing, the Project also incorporates new safety approaches into its design development. The NUWARD SMR Project has been in development for a number of years, it entered conceptual design formally in mid-2019 and entered Basic Design in 2023. The objective of the concept design phase was to confirm the project technological choices and to define the first design configuration of the NUWARD SMR product, to document it, in order to launch pre-licensing with the French Safety Authority (ASN) and to define its estimated cost and its subsequent development and construction schedules. As a delivery milestone the Safety Options file (called the Dossier d'Options de Sûreté (DOS)) has been submitted to ASN in July 2023 for their opinion. An integral part of the NUWARD SMR Project, is not only to deliver a design suitable for France and to satisfy French regulation, but to develop a product suitable and indeed desirable, for the international market, with a first focus in Europe. In order to achieve its objectives and realise its market potential, the NUWARD SMR Project needs to define and realise its safety approach within an international environment and that is the key subject of this paper. The following paper: • Summarises the foundation principles and technological background which underpin the design; • Contextualises the key design features with regard to the international safety regulatory framework with particular emphasis on innovative passive safety aspects; • Illustrates the Project activities in preparation for first licensing in France, and also a wider international view via the ASN led Joint Early Review of the NUWARD SMR design, including Finnish and Czech Republic regulators, recently joined by the Swedish, Polish and Dutch regulators; • Articulates the collaborative approach to design development from involvement with the Project partners (the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Naval Group, TechnicAtome, Framatome and Tractebel) to the establishment of the International NUWARD Advisory Board (INAB), to gain greater international insight and advice; • Concludes with the focus on next steps into detailed design development, standardisation of the design and its simplification to enhance its commercial competitiveness in a context of further harmonisation of the nuclear safety and licensing requirements and aspirations.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제55권
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• pp.265-290
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• 2012

CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) between India and Korea may vitalize Korean economy more and more. Currently most of Korean firms have entered into manufacturing industries like electronics and automobiles. But only a few Korean companies are trying to penetrate into Indian green industry so this paper suggest how to enter into Indian green industry, especially renewable energy sectors. First, Exporting main shaft, tower-flange and polysilicon products can be considered, as a first step of entry mode. Second, entry mode based on contract like technology licensing, strategic alliance and joint venture establishment can be also one of options. For example, Korean solar energy industry which show more competitiveness than that of Indians should try to make technological licensing on PV modules. In addition to this, they should also try to make joint ventures with right Indian partners and build up 'Solar City' nearby regions like Gurgaon in India where many Korean firms are located. Korean shipbuilding firms like Hyundai Engineering which keep on developing wind turbo engines can also try to make strategic alliance with Indian firms like Suzlon which has strong competitiveness. After that, they should explore Korean and Indian wind sector markets together. Third, brownfield investment can be last and final option as a entry mode as we consider the peculiar characteristics of renewable energy industry. Lastly, Korean government which are rush to indulge into green business should formulate more proper and realistic policies to give big incentives the concerned firms which are trying to open international green market so government should make Korean green firms not to lose good market opportunities related to green industry like renewable energy sectors. Renewable energy sectors are basically regarded as infrastructures so close contact to Indian central government as well as state government will be also required.

• 산업공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2002

Recently, the interest in technology valuation is revived and increasing mainly due to the lack of suitability of the traditional valuation methods in explaining the market reaction to newly-emerging knowledge-oriented companies. Moreover, many firms are now gearing their efforts to the strategic use of technology asset such as technology licensing, transfer and commercialization. Firms are also trying to enhance their technological competitiveness by re-evaluating their technology level and thus identifying the strengths/weaknesses of their technology portfolio. To accomplish this objective, the development of an integrated evaluation system for technology assets is essential. This paper presents a technology valuation system developed for a steel manufacturing company in South Korea. The valuation framework is based on; (1) the multi-attribute evaluation of technological competitiveness using Analytic Hierarchical Process and; (2) the expected future benefit of the technology using four different methods of discounted cash flow estimation. The suggested framework will be easily applicable to various industries where technological competitiveness should be evaluated systematically.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.95-113
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• 2022

Tariffs on pharmaceuticals are generally low, but the time-consuming and costly licensing procedures of importing countries may act as barriers to trade. Accordingly, in terms of improving export competitiveness through cost reduction of exporting countries and improving public health for importing countries, international regulatory collaboration is effective for both countries. However, little is known about the impact of cross-border cooperation in pharmaceutical regulation on international trade. This study empirically analyzed the effect of cross-border regulatory collaboration on pharmaceutical trade using the gravity model. It was confirmed that the regulatory collaboration measures had a trade promotion effect in all drugs(HS29+HS30), finished drugs (HS30), and vaccines (HS300220). This study is meaningful in that it empirically analyzed with the consideration of the reference pharmacopoeia, safety and effectiveness in addition to the GMP inspection used in the previous study.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.599-610
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• 2017

이 연구는 지역혁신체제론에 입각하여 지역대학이 창출하는 기술을 보다 활발하게 지역 내로 전파 확산시키기 위한 촉진체계 구축방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 충남지역 내 대학 기술이전조직(Technology Licensing Office)들의 현황과 실태, 대학에서 창출된 기술이 현재 원활하게 이전되고 있는지, 산학 간 기술이전활동에서의 애로와 문제점은 무엇인지 등에 대하여 조사 분석하였고, 이를 토대로 한 기술이전촉진체제 구축방안 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 대학 TLO의 구조와 여건이 본연의 기능과 역할을 수행하기에는 매우 열악하다는 점, 기업 측이 대학 측에 요청해 이전된 기술건수가 극히 적다는 점, 현장과의 괴리로 인하여 상용화 기술 개발이 매우 미흡하다는 점, 대학 기술에 대한 신뢰도가 낮다는 점, 기술정보 탐색을 위한 접근성이 부재하다는 점, 기술수요 기업 탐색이 매우 어렵다는 점, 관련 네트워크와 플랫폼이 사실상 존재하지 않는다는 점 등이 발견되었다. 특히 지자체와 산업경제계, 지원공공기관 등 지역혁신주체들도 기술이전 사업화 활성화의 중요성에 대해서는 당위적 수준에서 인식하고 있을 뿐 이를 위한 지역 내 기술이전 확산 촉진체계 구축에 대한 관심과 의지는 매우 미약하다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 지역적 단위에서의 산학 간 기술이전 촉진체제 구축 방안을 3단계에 걸쳐 제시하고자 하였다. 지역혁신능력이 중요해지는 지역화 시대를 맞아 이들 관련 혁신주체들이 지역혁신체제론에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 지역적 단위에서의 기술이전 확산 촉진체제의 구축에 대한 정책적 관심과 의지를 제고한다면 지역의 경쟁력이 한층 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2016

과학기술 경쟁력 확보를 위한 R&D 투자 확대로 국내 공공연구기관의 특허출원 성과는 양적으로 증가했지만, 연구 성과의 활용수준은 아직 미비하다. 이로 인해 공공연구기관의 성과 활용을 위한 기술이전사업화의 원활한 추진 및 관련 사업의 성공적 수행을 위해, 전문성을 바탕으로 한 기술이전 사업화 전담조직(Technology Transfer&Licensing Organization)의 운영이 중요해지고 있다. TLO 조직의 효율적인 업무 수행 및 연구개발 성과물의 활용 개선을 위해 본 연구에서는 TLO조직의 업무 영역별 활동을 도출하여 업무 체계를 정립하고 업무 활동에 따른 활동 우선순위를 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 선행 연구와 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 업무 활동 체계를 정립하고, 6개 업무영역과 21개의 업무 활동을 도출하였다. 도출된 TLO의 업무 영역별 활동을 AHP 분석으로 각 업무 영역별 활동에 대한 상대적 중요도를 계산한 후에 업무 우선순위를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 기술이전 사업화 업무 활동을 정립하고 업무 활동별 주요 업무의 우선순위를 파악하여 대학 및 출연연구기관의 기술이전 사업화 조직의 업무 효율성과 기술이전 성과를 높이는 데 시사점을 제공 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.