• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.12.1-12.6
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• 2024

The current study aimed to determine the effect of silver and chitosan nanoparticles of size 10 to 30 nm on the dead of lice in vitro and in vivo to determine the optimal time and concentration to combat chicken lice. One hundred local chickens Gallus gallus domesticus were collected from Al-Diwaniyah province and 6 species of local chicken lice were isolated: Menacanthus stramineus, Menacanthus pallidullus, Menacanthus cornutus, Goniodes gigas, Cuclotogaster heterographus and Bonomiella columbae. The results of treating lice with chitosan and silver nanoparticles at concentrations (40, 60, and 80 mg/mL) in vitro and at different periods (5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes) after treatment showed that chitosan and silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 80 mg/mL are the most effective in killing lice. The dead rate of lice reached 100% after 15 minutes of treatment with chitosan nanoparticles and 100% in the case of silver nanoparticles after 30 minutes. The results of spraying chitosan and silver nanoparticles on the body of chickens infected with lice experimentally, based on the relative therapeutic efficacy within 30 minutes, indicated that silver nanoparticles were the most effective in completely killing lice in the group treated with a concentration of 80 mg/kg after 30 minutes, where the percentage of therapeutic efficacy was 96.7%. This was followed by chitosan nanoparticles at a concentration of 80 mg/kg, and the percentage of therapeutic efficiency was 91.5%. Chitosan and silver nanocomposite have a promising effect in the elimination of lice infestation in chickens.

• 월간양계
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• 제34권12호통권398호
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• pp.126-127
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• 2002

닭에서 진드기(mite)와 이(lice)는 가장 일반적인 외부기생충이다. 이(lice)는 닭의 피, 깃털, 피부, 비듬 등을 영양분으로 살아간다. 미국 캘리포니아 대학(University of Califonia)에서의 실험에 의하면 이(lice)를 효과적으로 퇴치하기 위해서는 이(lice)종류를 정확히 확인한 후 그에 알맞은 약제를 선택해야 효과를 볼 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조류에 기생하는 진드기들은 모두가 동일 종(種)인 반면, 이(lice)는 닭, 칠면조, 꿩, 비둘기, 메추리에 기생하는 종이 모두 다르다. 이들외부 기생충들은 감염정도가 심할 경우 축체의 건강을 해치고 생산성을 저하시킬 뿐만아니라 폐사까지도 가져 올 수 있다. 이(lice)와 진드기를 퇴치하기 위해서는 닭뿐만 아니라 시설물에까지 살충제를 살포 해야한다. 우선 이들 외부기생충의 종을 알아낸 후 약제 선택을 해야 하는데. 예를 들면, 이(lice)와 진드기 모두에 효과적인 약제를 사용 할 수 있으나 진드기의 생활 주기는 이(lice)보다 짧기 때문에 사용시기를 달리 해야 한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.22.1-22.4
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• 2023

The increasing resistance of head lice Pediculus humanus capitis to many drugs has highlighted the need for new alternatives to control head lice in adults. The effect of two types of extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) of Citrullus colocynthis fruit on adult lice was tested in vitro. The results showed that the alcoholic extract with a concentration of 20% showed similar efficacy in killing adult lice to that of Natroba 9% w/w, with values ranging between 87% to 98% within 18 minutes, followed by a 20% aqueous extract with a 44% to 79% death rate. A 10% concentration of both types of extracts had moderate lethality for lice, while a 5% concentration did not show strong lethality for adult lice. These results revealed significant differences between the control group and those treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract concentrations of C. colocynthis fruits at the probability level p ≤ 0.05.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.113-132
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• 2009

본고에서는 고려시대 이규보의 <슬견설(蝨犬說)>을 비롯하여 시기적 순서에 따라 조선 전기에 곽열의 <노인탐슬변(老人探蝨辨)>과 조선 후기에 유신환의 <소유(小喩)>와 허전의 <잡설(雜說)>을 중심으로 '이'가 어떤 의미로 형상화되고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 이규보는 <슬견설>을 통해서 크고 작은 것에서 오는 편견을 버리고 작은 미물들도 큰 동물과 마찬가지로 느끼고 생활한다는 것을 주장하였다. 이규보의 <슬견설>은 크기에서 오는 편견을 극복한 작품임을 규명하였다. 곽열은 <노인탐슬변>에서 몇 십 년 더 인생을 산 사람의 연륜이 중요함을 지적하고, 늙은이의 지혜가 때로는 젊은이보다 낫다는 주장을 하였다. 내용을 분석한 결과 곽열이 노년에 자신의 처지와 심정에 대해 비유적으로 서술한 작품으로 추정하였다. 유신환은 <소유(小喩)>를 통해서 각자의 행동에 대해 나름대로 이해를 해주며 스스로 인식하기를 바라고 있으면서도 그 근본을 잊어서는 안 된다는 것을 역으로 주장하였다. 유신환의 <소유(小喩)>는 봉서자와 동자의 문답을 통해서 인간이 자신의 근본을 잊고 사는 것을 경계한 작품임을 밝혔다. 허전은 <잡설>에서 '이'의 생태를 설명하고, '이'가 사람에게 끼치는 죄가 무엇인지를 서술하였다. <잡설> 후반부에서는 '이'보다 인간이 더 나쁜 존재이고 임금과 간신을 '이'에 비유하여 설명하고 있어 혼탁한 시기에 충신이 없음을 역설적으로 설명하고 있는 작품임을 밝혔다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2002

A total of 576 fatteners selected randomly from 6 Korean native goat farms in Chonnam area were examined for louse infestation from March 1997 to February 1998. The lice collected from the goats were identified. Four goat farms were selected and 20 goats were randomly chosen from each farm; blood samples were taken from the goats seasonally and examined hematologically and chemically. It was found that 495 out of 576 goats (85.9%) were infested with lice. The infestation rate in one of the 6 farms reached 92.9%. Two species of lice were identified; Linognathus sp. (sucking lice) and Bovicola sp. (biting lice). Goats infested with lice showed higher values in white blood cell, neutrophil and eosinophil counts than the goats not infested counterparts; same trend was seen with total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations. The results of this study indicate that louse infestation in the goat should be investigated extensively in view of the goat farming.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

Enterobiasis and head lice infestations, contact-borne parasitic diseases, are the most prevalent parasitic infections of children in Korea, and they are transmitted by close contact with infected persons. They are not of major concern in public health, therefore their importance in children's health care are overlooked in Korea. Egg positive rates of Enterobius vermicularis have been reported to be 10~20% among children in kindergartens and primary schools. Enterobiasis is diagnosed by scotch tape anal swab, but repeated examination is necessary for accurate diagnosis. Albendazole or mebendazole are extremely effective for treatment, however, reinfections usually occur if treatment is not repeated at least three times at a 3-week-interval, targeting the whole family members including the patients. Environmental sanitation and health education are also necessary to guarantee the successful treatment of enterobiasis. Head lice infestation is still an indication of public health status. Children of 3 to 12 years old and their families have infestations more frequently, and girls have more than boys. Diagnosis can be made by identification of live lice or nits on the head. Pediculicides are effective treatment of infestations, however they do not kill nits completely, requiring second treatment. Recently wet combing is preferred as an alternative by parents in England because of possible toxicity of drugs and resistance of lice. It is impossible to completely prevent enterobiasis and/or head lice infestations. Therefore, mass screening and prevention are required, and, in local clinics, a thorough evaluation of the symptoms and past history, and appropriate laboratory tests are necessary.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.377-380
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• 2009

Growing patterns of pediculocidal drug resistance towards head louse laid the foundation for research in exploring novel anti-lice agents from medicinal plants. In the present study, various extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves were tested against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. A filter paper diffusion method was conducted for determining the potential pediculocidal and ovicidal activity of chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol, and water extracts of P. pinnata leaves. The findings revealed that petroleum ether extracts possess excellent anti-lice activity with values ranging between 50.3% and 100% where as chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate pediculocidal effects. The chloroform and methanol extracts were also successful in inhibiting nymph emergence and the petroleum ether extract was the most effective with a complete inhibition of emergence. Water extract was devoid of both pediculocidal and ovicidal activities. All the results were well comparable with benzoyl benzoate (25% w/v). These results showed the prospect of using P. pinnata leave extracts against P. humanus capitis in difficult situations of emergence of resistance to synthetic anti-lice agents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2022

The head louse Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that inhabits the human scalp. The infestations are asymptomatic; however, skin irritation from scratching occasionally may cause secondary bacterial infections. The present study determined the presence and frequency of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation T929I in 245 head lice collected from Mexico, Peru, and Canada. Head lice were collected manually using a comb in the private head lice control clinic. Allele mutation at T9291 was present in 100% of the total sampled populations (245 lice) examined. In addition, 4.89% of the lice were homozygous susceptible, whereas 6.93% heterozygous and 88.16% homozygous were resistant, respectively. This represents the second report in Mexico and Quebec and fist in Lima.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.243-244
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• 1995

인천시 소재 한 국민학교 어린이들이 머릿니 감염율을 알아보기 위하여 1995년 5월 26일과 27일 이틀간 국민학교를 방문하여 성충이나 서캐 감염 여부를 조사하였으며, 1,530명의 조사 대상자 중 5.0%가 성충이나 서캐에 감염되어 있었다. 여학생 762명 rdnsep 72명이 감염되어 9.4%의 감염율을 보였고, 남학생 768명 가운데 4명만이 감염되어 0.5%의 가염율을 나타내어, 여학생이 남학생보다 이에 대한 감염율이 높았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2016

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.