• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제42권
• /
• pp.475-503
• /
• 2016

태평천국운동은 현대중국의 성립과 관련하여 차지하는 특별한 위상으로 인하여 세계 여러 곳에서 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 상당한 연구 성과에도 불구하고 기독교적 측면의 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 따라서 이 글은 이 점을 중시하여 태평천국운동과 기독교와의 관계 중 19세기 중국 개신교가 홍수전과 태평천국운동에 끼친 영향을 먼저 파악한다. 홍수전은 양발과 이사카 로버츠로부터 유일하신 존재 하나님께만 예배드려야 함을, 예수님을 구세주로 고백해야 함을, 그리고 성경을 배우고 익혀야 함을 깨달았다. 심오한 여러 기독교 사상을 배웠고 영생을 소망하며 천국과 지옥이 존재함을 믿었다. 그러나 이런 믿음을 이 땅에서, 특히 19세기 중국에서의 삶 속에 적용함은 이와는 다른 별개의 이야기였다. 우리가 잘 아는 것처럼 홍수전은 19세기 중국이라는 시공간적인 토대 위에 생성된 중국문화의 영향 아래 살아가고 있었다. 따라서 그의 서양 기독교적 믿음은 중국화 되고 또 그들 중국인들이 이해할 수 있는 문화와 세계관으로 재해석되어 실행되었던 것이다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2021

Due to economic and environmental benefits, increasing the substitution ratio of ordinary cement by industry by-products like fly ash (FA) is one of the best approaches to reduce the impact of the concrete industry on the environment. However, as the substitution rate of FA increases, it will have an adverse impact on the performance of cement-based materials, so the actual substitution rate of FA is limited to around 10-30%. Therefore, in order to increase the early-age strength of high replacement (30-70%) low-calcium ultrafine FA blended cement paste, sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate dihydrate were used to improve the reactivity of FA. The results show that sodium sulfate has a significant enhancement effect on the strength of the composite pastes in the early and late ages, while calcium sulfate dihydrate has only a slight effect in the late ages. The addition of sodium sulfate in the cement-FA blended system can enhance the gain rate of non-evaporation water, and can decrease the Ca(OH)2 content. In addition, when the sulfate chemical activators are added, the ettringite content increases, and the surface of the FA is dissolved and hydrated.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
• /
• 한국자기학회 2008년도 Asian Magnetics Conference
• /
• pp.171.1-171.1
• /
• 2008

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.872-877
• /
• 2017

Objective: In order to utilize fat from broiler byproducts efficiently, it is necessary to develop an appropriate rendering procedure and establish quality information for the rendered fat. A study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the influence of rendering methods on the amounts and general properties of the fat recovered from broiler skin. Methods: The yield and quality of the broiler skin fat rendered through high and lower energy microwave rendering (3.6 W/g for 10 min and 2.4 W/g for 10 min for high power microwave rendering (HPMR) and high power microwave rendering (LPMR), respectively), oven baking (OB, at $180^{\circ}C$ for 40 min), and water cooking (WC, boiling for 40 min) were compared. Results: Microwave-rendered skin exhibited the highest yields and fat recovery rates, followed by OB, and WC fats (p<0.05). HPMR fat had the highest $L^{\star}$, $a^{\star}$, and $b^{\star}$ values, whereas WC fat had the highest moisture content, acid values, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the acid value, peroxide value, and TBA values between HPMR and LPMR fats. Conclusion: Microwave rendering at a power level of 3.6 W/g for 10 min is suggested base on the yield and quality of chicken fat.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.748-756
• /
• 2018

Biofilms are of vital significance in bioconversion and biotechnological processes. In this work, sugarcane molasses was used to enhance biofilms for the improvement of the production of fumigaclavine C (FC), a conidiation-associated ergot alkaloid with strong anti-inflammatory activities. Biofilm formation was more greatly induced by the addition of molasses than the addition of other reported biofilm inducers. With the optimal molasses concentration (400 g/l), the biofilm biomass was 6-fold higher than that with sucrose, and FC and conidia production was increased by 5.8- and 3.1-fold, respectively. Moreover, the global secondary metabolism regulatory gene laeA, FC biosynthetic gene fgaOx3, and asexual central regulatory genes brlA and wetA were upregulated in molasses-based biofilms, suggesting the upregulation of both asexual development and FC biosynthesis. This study provides novel insight into the stimulatory effects of molasses on biofilm formation and supports the widespread application of molasses as an inexpensive raw material and effective inducer for biofilm production.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 1997

The changes of mental activities and the normal life during the pregnancy have a direct and indirect influences not only on the maternal health but also on the physiological function of the fetus. In the oriental medicine, many attentions have been ordered during the pregnancy. And they called these attentions and managements during the pregnancy as 'Tia-jiao(胎敎)'. The Tia-jiao, that is the prenatal culture, means 'educations for the fetus', so it is a hygienic conception for the pregnacy and the delivery. About this, many oriental gynecologic texts contained various contents such as the prohibitions against food(Shi-ji 食忌), the attentions on the mental activities(Yang-xing-ging 養性情), the notions on the normal life(Qi-ju-ji 起居忌), the cautions against drugs(Yao-ji 藥忌), the instructions for the treatments, the preventions against abortion(Gu-tia-liang-fa 固胎良法). The Tai-jiao can be divided two categories. The one is the behaviors and mental attitudes which can induce the good characters, and the other is the intake of foods and drugs which can grow the healthy body. According to the transitions of the generation, the economies, the societies, and the cultures have been changed. Through the pursuits of the intelligent babies have been remained, all conceptions and recognitions have also been altered. Therefore the ways to the prenatal culture must be changed, The reviewing the old and learning now, and doing the appropriate Tia-jiao in the modern times may be the best way to get the good babies.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
• /
• pp.251-254
• /
• 2006

A precise real-time method of using the IGS ultra rapid products (IGU) and the GPS broadcast ephemeris to calculate the VRS orbit corrections was presented here which was suited for GPS/VRS reference station network based positioning. Test data acquired from both the SGRSN (Sichuan GPS Reference Station Network) and SCIGN (Southern California integrated GPS network) were used to evaluate the performance of the modeling techniques. The new method was proven to be more precise and reliable compared with the existing conventional network-based orbit error interpolation method. It was shown that 0.004ppm relative accuracy was reached, namely the influence from the orbit bias for the RTK positioning within 100km area can be of sub-millimeter level.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.337-350
• /
• 2019

The objective of this paper is to investigate the confinement coefficient of concrete-filled square stainless steel tubular (CFSSST) stub columns under axial loading. A fine finite 3D solid element model was established, which utilized a constitutive model of stainless steel considering the strain-hardening characteristics and a triaxial plastic-damage constitutive model of concrete with features of the parameter certainty under axial compression. The finite element analysis results revealed that the increased ultimate bearing capacity of CFSSST stub columns compared with their carbon steel counterparts was mainly due to that the composite action of CFSSST stub columns is stronger than that of carbon steel counterparts. A further parametric study was carried out based on the verified model, and it was found that the stress contribution of the stainless steel tube is higher than the carbon steel tube. The stress nephogram was simplified reasonably in accordance with the limit state of core concrete and a theoretical formula was proposed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of square CFSSST stub columns using superposition method. The predicted results showed satisfactory agreement with both the experimental and FE results. Finally, the comparisons of the experimental and predicted results using the proposed formula and the existing codes were illustrated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1693-1697
• /
• 2012

Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide ($As_20_3$) in conjunction with hyperthermia on the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at different concentrations of $As_20_3$ was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of $IC_{50}$ value and choice of 20% of the $IC_{50}$ as the experimental drug concentration. Blank control, $As_20_3$, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia, $As_20_3$ + radiotherapy, hyperthermia + radiotherapy and $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: $As_20_3$ exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an $IC_{50}$ of 18.7 ${\mu}mol/L$. After joint therapy of $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the $G_2$/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in $G_0/G_1$ and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced. Conclusion: $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with synergy in combination. Mechanistically, $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution of EC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, thereby enhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.447-462
• /
• 2020

The paper aims to investigate the mechanical mechanism and seismic effect of stiffeners in blind bolt endplate connection to CFST column. A precise 3D finite element model with considering the cyclic properties of concrete and steel materials was established, and the efficiency was validated through monotonic and cyclic test data. The deforming pattern and the seismic performance of the unstiffened and stiffened blind bolt endplate connections were investigated. Then a parametric analysis was conducted to analyze the contribution of stiffeners and the joint working behaviors with endplate under cyclic load. The joint stiffness classifications were compared and a supplement stiffness classification method was proposed, and the energy dissipation ability of different class connections were compared and discussed. Results indicated that the main deformation pattern of unstiffened blind bolt endplate connections was the local bending of end plate. The vertical stiffeners can effectively alleviate the local bending deformation of end plate. And influence of stiffeners in thin endplate and thick endplate was different. Based on the stiffness of external diaphragm welded connection, a more detailed rigidity classification was proposed which included the pin, semi-rigid, quasi-rigid and rigid connection. Beam was the main energy dissipation source for rigid connection. For the semi-rigid and quasi-rigid connection, the extended endplate, stiffeners and steel beam would all participate in the energy dissipation.