• Korean Business Review
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• v.17
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• pp.53-81
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand the realities and the subject of environmental management for small and medium-sized companies in Gwangwon area, through surveying the present status as to acquiring the certification of ISO14001, and to seek for a plan to facilitate environmental management. Given summarizing key results, those are as follows. First, while the number of companies in our country which acquired the certification of ISO14001, amounts to 1,215 businesses as of April of 2003, the number of small and medium-sized companies in Gwangwon area which obtained the certification of ISO14001 reached only 26 businesses, the lowest level among metropolitan municipalities. Second, for the reason that companies who didn't acquire the certification, strive not to receive the certification, it did present the point that' costs to be needed in acquiring and maintaining the certification are larger than practical benefit. Third, the biggest reason for either companies which did not acquire the certification of ISO14001 or companies which did (try to) acquire the certification of ISO1400, was, enhancement of a corporate image,' and the effect after a company who obtained the certification introduced the environmental management system, was also shown to be 'the improvement of a corporate image.' Fourth, many companies who acquired the certification of ISO1400 pointed out the response related to 'burden on document creation and costs' and 'lack of manpower' as problems when introducing the environmental management system. On the basis of major results of a study as the above, given presenting the subject and a plan for activating the environmental management of small and medium-sized companies in Gwangwon area, those are as follows. First, because most of companies who did not obtain the certification of ISO1400 have low recognition of ISO14001, it needs continuous and positive publicity, education and a training system. Second, it requires to carry out an educational program to nurture professional manpower due to lack of manpower relevant to environmental management, to expand payment of subsidies, to open exclusive-charge department and consulting contact, to have the relevant information be database and to develop software. Third, in order to make the certification obtained through inexpensive costs and simple procedures, it needs to positively consider the creation of public approval system for a small and medium-sized company, group approval system, industrial-complex approval system, and others.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

Forest museums can be defined as facilities for the collection, exhibition, and education of the forest or forest related artifacts or data. This study was performed to measure the educational value of Gyeongnam state forest museum's forest and its environment. The tool used was the Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM) which is well known as a value estimation tool of environmental goods. The study for the value estimation is performed from April, 2014 to October of the same year through selection of the subject, decision of proposed price, and orientation of the survey staffs and total of 386 surveys were used in analysis. The value estimation tool used the DBDC logit model and the input parameters were number of visit (time), degree of environmental education (contri), the environment conservation effort of the respondent (execu), the education level of the respondent (edu), and income of the respondent (inc) and trimmed mean (WTPtruncated) was used. The estimated value of flora and environment education per each person per visit is 23,338 won. When applied to the average annual visitors deducted from 2010 to 2014, which is 430,000 per year, the environmental value that Gyeongnam state forest museum is providing to visitors each year is about 10 billion won. The result of this study is significant to propose the value of forest education and environment that the forest museum is offering to the visitors in the current currency. This is an evidence to directly determine the value of the forest museum and therefore proposing an opportunity change the recognition toward the forest and environment education.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.125-150
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• 2009

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) is a wireless frequency of recognition technology that can be used to recognize, trace, and identify people, things, and animals using radio frequency(RF). RFID will bring about many changes in manufacturing and distributions, among other areas. In accordance with the increasing importance of RFID techniques, great advancement has been made in RFID studies. Initially, the RFID research started as a research literature or case study. Recently, empirical research has floated on the surface for announcement. But most of the existing researches on RFID adoption have been restricted to a dichotomous measure of 'adoption vs. non-adoption' or adoption intention. In short, RFID research is still at an initial stage, mainly focusing on the research of the RFID performance, integration, and its usage has been considered dismissive. The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors are important for the RFID adoption and implementation with organizational resources. In this study, the organizational resources are classified into either finance resources or IT knowledge resources. A research model and four hypotheses are set up to identify the relationships among these variables based on the investigations of such theories as technological innovations, adoption stage, and organizational resources. In order to conduct this study, a survey was carried out from September 27, 2008 until October 23, 2008. The questionnaire was completed by 143 managers and workers from physical distribution and manufacturing companies related to the RFID in South Korea. 37 out of 180 surveys, which turned out unfit for the study, were discarded and the remaining 143(adoption stage 89, implementation stage 54) were used for the empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 12.0. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the adoption stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, perceived cost savings, environmental uncertainty, and pressures from rival firms have significant effects on the intent of the RFID adoption. Further, the implementation stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, environmental uncertainty, pressures from rival firms, inter-organizational cooperation, and inter-organizational trust have significant effects on the extent of the RFID use. In contrast, inter-organizational cooperation and inter-organizational trust did not show much impact on the intent of RFID adoption while perceived cost savings did not significantly affect the extent of RFID use. Second, in the adoption stage, financial issues had adverse effect on both inter-organizational cooperation and the intent against the RFID adoption. IT knowledge resources also had a deterring effect on both perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID adoption. Third, in the implementation stage, finance resources had a moderate effect on environmental uncertainty and extent of RFID use while IT knowledge resources had also a moderate effect on perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID use. Limitations and future research issues can be summarized as follows. First, it is difficult to say that the sample is large enough to be representative of the population. Second, because the sample of this study was conducted among manufacturers only, it may be limited in analyzing fully the effect on the industry as a whole. Third, in consideration of the fact that the organizational resources in the RFID study require a great deal of researches, this research may deem insufficient to fulfill the purpose that it initially set out to achieve. Future studies using performance research are, therefore, needed to help better understand the organizational level of the RFID adoption and implementation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.537-544
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• 1998

The cultivation conditions of transformant Alcaligenes eutrophus AER5 harboring cloned phbC gene for mass production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate)[P(3HB-3HV)] containing high molar fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3-HV) were investigated. In two-stage batch cultivation, transformant accumulated P(3HB-3HV) containing 52.2 mol% of 3HV compared to 30 mol% of parent strain A. eutrophus H16. The increased 3-HV molar fraction was due to the amplified activity of PHB synthase participating in condensation of 3-HB and 3-HV. To increase efficiency of P(3HB-3HV) accumulation, fructose was added along with precursor compound valerate, and total cell mass and P(3HB-3HV) concentrations remarkably increased, but not 3-HV molar fraction. The effect of magnesium ion showed that P(3HB-3HV) concentration and 3-HV molar fraction were significantly increased upto 6.1 g/L and 71.3 mol% at 0.01 g/L of MgSO$_4$, respectively. The efficiency of several pH adjuster, NaOH, NaOH and (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$, and NH$_4$OH, on total cell mass, p(3HB-3HV) concentration, and 3-HV molar fraction was also compared. To overcome the disadvantage of two-stage cultivation, one-stage intermittent fed-batch cultivation was attempted, such a way 10.0 g/L of fructose was supplied for cell growth at initial 36 hr and then 10.0 g/L of valerate and 5.0 g/L of fructose were applied to induce the accumulation of P(3HB-3HV), consequently, 10.4 g/L of P(3HB-3HV) with 38 mol% of 3-HV fraction could be obtained after 72 hr. These results can be used for elucidating cultivation strategy for mass production of P(3HB-3HV) containing high 3-HV molar fraction using transformant A. eutrophus AER5 harboring cloned phbC gene.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.75-94
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• 2009

Since mechanical security systems are mostly composed of electronic, information and communication devices, they have effects in the aspects of overall social environment and crime-oriented environment. Also, the importance is increasing for wireless recognition of RFID and tracing function, which will be usefully utilized in controlling the incomings and outgoings of people/vehicles or allowance, surveillance and control. This is resulting from the increase in the care for the elderly according to the overall social environment, namely, the aging society, and the number of women entering, as well as the increase in the number of heinous crimes. The purpose of this study is to examine the theoretical considerations on ubiquitous sensor network and present a direction for securities companies for their development by focusing on the technological and application areas. To present strategies of response to a new environment for security companies, First, a diversification strategy is needed for security companies. The survival of only high level of security companies in accordance with the principle of liberal market competition will bring forth qualitative growth and competitiveness of security market. Second, active promotion by security companies is needed. It is no exaggeration to say that we are living in the modern society in the sea of advertisements and propaganda. The promotional activities that emphasize the areas of activity or importance of security need to be actively carried out using the mass media to change the aware of people regarding security companies, and they need to come up with a plan to simultaneously carry out the promotional activities that emphasize the public aspect of security by well utilizing the recent trend that the activities of security agents are being used as a topic in movies or TV dramas. Third, technically complementary establishment of ubiquitous sensor network and electronic tag is needed. Since they are used in mobile electronic tag services such as U-Home and U-Health Care, they are used throughout our lives by forming electronic tag environment within safe ubiquitous sensor network based on the existing privacy guideline for the support of mobile electronic tag terminal commercialization, reduction in communication and information usage costs, continuous technical development and strengthening of privacy protection, and the system of cooperation of academic-industrial-research needs to be established among the academic world and private research institutes for these parts.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.142-157
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• 2001

This study was conducted to get the basic information for promoting farm machinery productivity by surveying the regular maintenance and repair status of major farm machinery such as power tiller, farm tractor, rice transplanter and combine harvester. The survey was carried out through 9 provinces including Cheju province by direct visiting farmers with prepared questionnaire. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The average farming carrier of the surveyed farmers was 25.3 years, and 21-30 years of farming carrier showed the highest portion as 40.7%. The average carrier of using farm machinery was 9.4 years, and that was 14.9 years for power tiller, 8.3 years for farm tractor, 9.0 years for rice transplanter, 7.9 years for combine harvester, 7.5 years for mini tiller, 9.7 years for power sprayer, and 8.2 years for binder etc. 2. The regular maintenance for farm machinery was conducted mainly at repair shop (49.5%) or dealer agency (12.0%) as 61.5%, and 34.9% of farmers conducted the regular maintenance by themselves at their house. 3. The reasons for not-fully recognizing operation manual and insufficient before-, during-, after-maintenance of farm machinery were insufficient time for them (45.8%), troublesome (22.9%), unknown maintenance method (16.3%), unknown the necessity for maintenance (12.4%), and others (2.6%) in order. 4. For the annual exchange of engine oil, 3.2 times is necessary but actually 1.7 times was exchanged for power tiller, 4.3 times is necessary but actually 1.9 times was exchanged for farm tractor, 2.7 times is necessary but actually 1.7 times was exchanged for rice transplanter, 2.2 times is necessary but actually 2.3 times was exchanged combine harvester. 5. For the annual cleanness or exchange of fuel filter, 3.2 times is necessary but actually 1.1 times was done for power tiller, 4.3 times is necessary but actually 1.6 times was done for farm tractor, 2.7 times is necessary but actually 1.7 times was done for rice transplanter, 1.9 times is necessary but actually 0.8 times was done for combine harvester. 6. For the annual cleanness or exchange of air filter, 3.2 times is necessary but actually 1.4 times was done for power tiller, 4.2 times is necessary but actually 2.4 times was done for farm tractor, 2.6 times is necessary but actually 1.6 times was done for rice transplanter, 3.9 times is necessary but actually 7.0 times was done for combine harvester. 7. For the experience of breakdown related to maintenance, 5.3% of farmers experienced breakdown due to the insufficient exchange of engine oil, 7.7% of farmers experienced breakdown due to the insufficient cleanness or exchange of fuel filter, and 2.9% of farmers experienced breakdown due to the insufficient cleanness or exchange of air filter. 8. Most farmers (76.1%) recognized the necessity for agricultural machinery training or education, and most farmers preferred about one week for the training period, simple or ease maintenance for the training level, agricultural technical center or agricultural machinery manufacturer for the training agency. 9. Complete recognition of operation manual and sufficient before-, during-, and after-maintenance for farm machinery can minimize the breakdown as well as conduct suitable period farming, enlarge the endurance, prevent the safety accidents, and promote productivity of farm machinery. Therefore, these can be accomplished by the thorough training or education for agricultural machinery.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.410-422
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• 2018

This paper studies the factors that increase the sustainability of Industry-University cooperation in the current structure of domestic I-U cooperation, which is highly dependent on government support. First, we examine the extent to which the 'I-U Relationship Strength' can be explained by the cumulative 'Experiences of I-U cooperation' and 'Width of various I-U cooperation channels', and the 'I-U cooperation barrier' can be explained by the 'Difference in mutual recognition' and 'Institutional barriers' on sustainability. In addition, the factors that can lower the 'I-U cooperation barrier', such as the 'University administration's efforts' and 'Trust between I-U', are examined. The researchers examined the factors affecting the sustainability of I-U cooperation and the factors affecting 'I-U cooperation barriers' in the 'I-U cooperation technology development projects' of the Ministry of Small & Medium Venture Business and Startups with its long history of domestic I-U cooperation programs. In order to clarify the data of the research sample, a questionnaire survey of organizational units was conducted for all companies participating in the 'I-U cooperation technology development projects' of the Ministry of SMVB and Startups between 2011 and 2015, and the responses of 356 organizations were used. It was found that the greater the 'Width of the I-U cooperation channels', the higher the sustainability and that the greater the 'Institutional barriers', the lower the sustainability. However, through the 'University administration's efforts' and 'Trust between I-U', it is possible to overcome the 'I-U cooperation barrier'. Ultimately, the systematization of Industry-University-Research institute subjects is needed to realize sustainability. In other words, it is necessary to have a linkage program that can broaden the link between industry and universities, that is to broaden the scope of I-U cooperation. Moreover, it is necessary for the government to provide institutional support to promote desirable I-U cooperation policies. Finally, it is essential to change the universities' core organizations in order to improve the level of university administration services.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-205
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution of the variables on the quality of life and the determinants of the sexual attitude and behavior of the unmarried female workers. This study was surveyed to the 306 unmarried women who worked in the small and medium scale industries in Kyungin area and analyzed the respondent's knowledge of sex, sexual behavior, health behavior, health status, satisfaction of working condition and recognition of working environment. The result of this study could be summarized as follows: The respondent's age are mostly early of twenties and their education level are high school and more. They recognize that their health condition is not so good but they hardly try to improve health condition. They think that their working condition are mostly unsatisfied and they also believe that they expose themselves to the toxic working environment. Although their knowledge of sex are low they have few chances for the education of sex and family planning. Their attitude of premarital sex are conservertive but the rate of approval of living together before marriage are high and the rate of premarital sex is around 15 percent. The premarital sex behavior are positively related with family size, living condition, knowledge of sex and working period but the sex experiences are negatively related with working period and knowledge of sex. As a result we suggest that the sex education and consultative program are necessary for improving the quality of life of the unmarried working women in small and medium scale industries.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.159-188
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• 2023

This study examines the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation in the light of Carl Jung's conception of individuation. Spirituality is defined in different ways by different scholars, but most consider self-transcendence as a necessary element. This self-transcendence can occur in the relationship with self, with others, and with the transcendent. In the relationship with the self, it appears as self-objectification; with others, it is as moving toward others; and in the relationship with the transcendent, it moves toward the transcendent. Spirituality is closely related to individual identity, in that it surrounds and integrates life. Spiritual formation is thus closely related to Jung's concept of individuation, as this involves the separation of persona and ego, and shadow recognition which are closely related to the level of self-objectification. In addition, the withdrawal of shadow projection that occurs in individuation is closely related to moving toward others, in that it recognizes the shadow instead of blaming others, allowing one to look at others without prejudice. The fact that Jesus Christ is the symbol of the Self, the driving force of the individuation process, tells us that spirituality leading to a relationship with the transcendent God and Jung's theory are closely related to each other. Thus, if we examine the process of spiritual formation through the Jung's individuation process, we can better understand the psychodynamic dimension of spirituality. This article investigates the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation through Jung's individuation process. Throughout her 98 years, Chou Sun-Ae experienced national pain and hardships, as well as personal adversity and difficulties; but through all of these hardships, conflicts, and difficult moments, she accomplished individualization. Therefore, by examining the spiritual formation through individuation in Chou Sun-Ae, I consider the direction of Christian spiritual education. In this study, three main characteristics of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation can be identified. First, through a life of repentance, the identification between persona and ego can be weakened. Second, the ego develops, and individualization is achieved, through a new calling. Third, in shadow integration, the spiritual development comes to recognize Jesus Christ on the cross and achieve the process of sanctification. Investigating the direction of Christian spiritual education through Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation indicates that Christian spiritual education should harmonize vertical and horizontal relations and should develop an experience of the transcendent God in everyday life. By this means, the believer can achieve Self-realization and be a true Christian who practices love for God and love for neighbors.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.151-175
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• 2016

The game industry has evolved from mobile games to PC online games after the smart-phone industry was opened up. In this environment, the game industry has rather been negatively developing its commercials means than the sufficient fundamental entertainment to the users. Especially, many games were released with better graphic qualities yet poor originality, continuing to be popular without enhancing the market itself. Moreover, the user's recognition level has improved. The users share their online gaming experience easily with the development of network environment. They receive the feedbacks on the quality of the game through the online channels and media by sharing them together. The high margin of the game industry will lead to the negative feedbacks of the users, effecting them to critique the content although the market looks good for now. The game industry's evolution has to be reviewed in the perspective of users, to look back at the successful cases of the past before the mobile era by analyzing and indicating the quality of the games and content's direction. This research is focused on the success factors of from the user's point of view, which has been widely claimed as a popular game franchise publicly before the mobile games had risen. WOW has been the most successful MMORPG game with its user record of 1.2 million till now. For these reasons, this study analyzes 's success factors from the user's point of view by configuring five expert groups, sequentially applying expert group survey, interview, Jobs-to-be-done and Fishbein Model as UX methodologies based on the business model to see through its long term rein in the industry. Consequently, The success factors from the user side of MMORPG provides an opportunity for the users to interact deeply with the game by (1) using well designed 'world view' over 10 years, (2) providing 'national policy' that is based on the locations of the users' culture and language, (3) providing 'expansions' with changes in time to give the digging elements to the users.